潘素洪

通過(guò)對(duì)2007年以來(lái)的廣東高考英語(yǔ)題、廣州一模和廣州二模等的語(yǔ)法填空題的研究，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)逗號(hào)在高考中占有獨(dú)特的地位。若懂得了逗號(hào)之作用，那么高考中某些語(yǔ)法填空題就會(huì)迎刃而解。

眾所周知，英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)束通常以句號(hào)為標(biāo)志。如果句子使用了逗號(hào)，那么就表示句子尚不完整。就句子的組成而言，簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型是：

從上表不難看出，句子最為基本的成分是：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。

一、句子之間是逗號(hào)，連詞不可少

[例1]In 2003， Professor Dorrity and his wife retired，they came to Wuhan and started to work as volunteers at the Welfare Institute. （2013廣州一模）

句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下表：

通過(guò)上表，我們可以得出該句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)?！逼鋵?shí)質(zhì)就是：“句子，句子。”其中的“逗號(hào)”說(shuō)明句子尚未完整。句子之間的連接，只能填連詞。根據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)填A(yù)fter/When。

歸納起來(lái)，?？歼B詞（只能填一個(gè)單詞）思考的方向如下：

二、逗號(hào)后面無(wú)連詞，括號(hào)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)

[例2]They often take children on day-trips，________ （bring）along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy. （2013廣州一模）

句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下表：

因They take...（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)=句子）后是逗號(hào)，沒(méi)有連詞表明bring同take是并列關(guān)系，因此bring應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因發(fā)出bring這個(gè)動(dòng)作的應(yīng)是they，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故填bringing。

三、巧看句子逗號(hào)，善辨定語(yǔ)從句

[例3]They also bought a wheelchair for ten-year-old Tan Jun， suffers from a brain problem. （2013廣州一模）

句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下表：

分析：They bought...（主+謂=句子）；suffers 是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其前面少了主語(yǔ)。同時(shí)既要充當(dāng)句子成分又要能起連接作用的，應(yīng)是什么詞呢？那就是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，或者引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞和連接副詞。本句要填的詞是代表前面的那個(gè)名詞ten-year-old Tan Jun，能代表前面名詞、代詞或整個(gè)句子的意思，能在句中作句子成分，還能起連接作用，同時(shí)起這三個(gè)作用的只有關(guān)系詞。先行詞是人，在句子作主語(yǔ)，故填who。

即時(shí)練習(xí)

請(qǐng)根據(jù)題中逗號(hào)的提示，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用所給詞的正確形式填空。

1. Walked in our garden，______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.

2. The house， the roof of ______ was destroyed in the terrible fire， has been repaired.

3. ______（bite）twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

4. At the age of 29， Dave was a worker，______（live）in a small apartment near Boston and ______（wonder）what to do about his future.

5. ______（encourage） by the advances in technology， many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

6.______（tire） and short of breath， Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.

7. Michaels new house is like a huge palace，______ （compare） with his old one.

8. ---Tom， you didnt come to the party last night？

--- I was going to， ______ I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.

9. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder， ______ you wont pass the course.

10. Some of the stamps belong to me， ______ the rest are his and hers.

11. He was very tired of doing this for a whole day， ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”

12. I quite liked the idea of visiting the West Lake but wasn't so sure about crossing the Broken Bridge. ______ it was broken， did she expect me to jump across？endprint

13. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation， ______ （close） my book and walked away.

14. My truck seemed to have no problem with the ice that covered the road. I drove very slowly，______， not wanting to carve a path of destruction through Main Street.

15. The boy， who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， ______（reply） in a way that shocked his father.

16. After a four-day journey， the young man ______（present） the water to the old man.

17. The cheering and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot， ______ （dig） here and there， totally convinced that he would find it.

18. But the dog， after sniffing around for a bit， ______ （lie） down and began to complain about how difficult it， was to find one bone in such a big field.

19. He suddenly appeared in class one day， ______ （wear） sun glasses.

20. Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， ______ made her feel like a star.

參考答案：1. where 2. which 3. bitten 4. living，wondering 5. Encouraged 6. Tired 7. compared 8. but 9. or 10. while 11. but 12. After 13. closed 14. however 15. replying 16. presented 17. digging 18. lay 19. wearing 20. which

（作者單位：中山市東升鎮(zhèn)高級(jí)中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青endprint

13. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation， ______ （close） my book and walked away.

14. My truck seemed to have no problem with the ice that covered the road. I drove very slowly，______， not wanting to carve a path of destruction through Main Street.

15. The boy， who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， ______（reply） in a way that shocked his father.

16. After a four-day journey， the young man ______（present） the water to the old man.

17. The cheering and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot， ______ （dig） here and there， totally convinced that he would find it.

18. But the dog， after sniffing around for a bit， ______ （lie） down and began to complain about how difficult it， was to find one bone in such a big field.

19. He suddenly appeared in class one day， ______ （wear） sun glasses.

20. Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， ______ made her feel like a star.

參考答案：1. where 2. which 3. bitten 4. living，wondering 5. Encouraged 6. Tired 7. compared 8. but 9. or 10. while 11. but 12. After 13. closed 14. however 15. replying 16. presented 17. digging 18. lay 19. wearing 20. which

（作者單位：中山市東升鎮(zhèn)高級(jí)中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青endprint

13. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation， ______ （close） my book and walked away.

14. My truck seemed to have no problem with the ice that covered the road. I drove very slowly，______， not wanting to carve a path of destruction through Main Street.

15. The boy， who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， ______（reply） in a way that shocked his father.

16. After a four-day journey， the young man ______（present） the water to the old man.

17. The cheering and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot， ______ （dig） here and there， totally convinced that he would find it.

18. But the dog， after sniffing around for a bit， ______ （lie） down and began to complain about how difficult it， was to find one bone in such a big field.

19. He suddenly appeared in class one day， ______ （wear） sun glasses.

20. Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， ______ made her feel like a star.

參考答案：1. where 2. which 3. bitten 4. living，wondering 5. Encouraged 6. Tired 7. compared 8. but 9. or 10. while 11. but 12. After 13. closed 14. however 15. replying 16. presented 17. digging 18. lay 19. wearing 20. which

（作者單位：中山市東升鎮(zhèn)高級(jí)中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青endprint