項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)：陳薇/東南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院

河西太陽宮景區(qū)，南京，江蘇，中國

項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)：陳薇/東南大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院

說明：選擇兩個類型相似但風(fēng)格迥異的園林景觀項(xiàng)目，是因?yàn)樗鼈兾挥谀暇┎煌膮^(qū)位，有著不同的歷史和環(huán)境，對于城市歷史文化的多樣性如何因時空的具體對位而設(shè)計(jì)以彰顯特色，有一定的典型性和說服力。另一方面，傳統(tǒng)的南京私家園林，景致多大疏大密，而現(xiàn)代的南京景觀環(huán)境，亦可采用經(jīng)典的對景、框景等手法。法無定式，立意在先。相互比照，些許趣味，亦為拙文“城市‘歷史·記憶·生活’的多元性和復(fù)雜性及求解”之注腳。

太陽宮景區(qū)蘊(yùn)藏事件

地點(diǎn)有事件：南京目前有兩個太陽宮——玄武湖東側(cè)的和河西的。前者是現(xiàn)代建筑，形似半個太陽而名，后者則有歷史淵源。此太陽宮景區(qū)位于南京河西，即南京秦淮河以西的邊緣地帶、長江邊的上新河段。在歷史上是水路運(yùn)輸交通點(diǎn)，有明顯的南京西側(cè)的城市功能特征。上新河曾是南京歷史上重要木材集散地，舉凡南京宮殿、官署、民居建造，所用木材從江西、湖南、湖北等地通過水路運(yùn)至，首先寄存在上新河以及附近的長江江面上。上新河的外地木材商人很多，分為江西幫、湖南幫、湖北幫等，各幫占據(jù)一塊江面，?？磕静摹＿@種情形從明代開始，一直延續(xù)到近代。

建筑有事件：第一個太陽宮據(jù)載建于明末清初，系湖南和湖北幫木材商人選址建造。因?yàn)槟绢^怕火，而建太陽宮供奉祭拜太陽神（火神），可祈神賜福，減少火災(zāi)發(fā)生。第二次建太陽宮于清代，格局占百畝，一度香火旺盛，一殿二亭為主體，大殿面西，祭神朝東，面向太陽。太平天國時期戰(zhàn)火毀之，很快復(fù)建。抗戰(zhàn)淪陷時，曾有日軍駐扎于太陽宮，因一匹戰(zhàn)馬病死，強(qiáng)行屠殺7個中國人，1944年秋日軍又放火燒毀太陽宮。抗戰(zhàn)勝利后，頑強(qiáng)的湖南、湖北幫商人再次重建太陽宮，這是第三個太陽宮，即現(xiàn)所見民國時期建造的太陽宮，主體格局依舊。我們接手時太陽宮有兩座亭子（涼亭）和一間寬敞的大殿，亭子一左一右分布在大殿前側(cè)，建筑有中西合璧的韻味，尤其亭子的掛落和寶頂色彩、大殿平直的屋頂和菱形大瓦、門窗形制及鑲嵌的五彩玻璃，有西式色彩。2004年我們接手時是區(qū)級文保單位，但它們經(jīng)歷1958年后用作大煉鋼鐵的基地、加工服裝車間和文革，墻上有許多標(biāo)語，門窗及玻璃殘破不堪。

設(shè)計(jì)有事件：2004年南京為迎接2005年十運(yùn)會開始了河西的大量建設(shè)，承接的太陽宮項(xiàng)目是作為河西濱江風(fēng)光帶B區(qū)的景區(qū)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的，主要作為運(yùn)動后的休閑喝茶的場所。南鄰濱江公園主要軸線西端廣場，西接地勢較高的濱江大道，自北而東為濱江景區(qū)內(nèi)道路。這是一個變化的城市邊緣地段，猶如歷史上的城西。我們所做工作包括：大殿和兩個亭子的修繕設(shè)計(jì)、圍繞太陽宮展開的新建建筑及環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)、為配合整個濱江公園軸線西端活動人群而對保留的水體、樹木、大堤的整合設(shè)計(jì)等。主旨思想有三：（1）使年久失修的文保建筑在新的環(huán)境中起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用；（2）充分利用基地的現(xiàn)有條件，如保留楓樹和梧桐樹，利用水塘和原有排水系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)用平整地形堆起的土山等，因地制宜地進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)；（3）將傳統(tǒng)建筑和現(xiàn)代建筑在新的景觀環(huán)境中融為一體。

太陽宮有待事件發(fā)生。經(jīng)過建設(shè)，十運(yùn)會期間開始啟用，2006年6月10日公布太陽宮為南京市文物保護(hù)單位。現(xiàn)在太陽宮在濱江公園有一定名氣，臨江有一條長長的道路，也被命名為“太陽宮路”。但是此地因?yàn)楸容^僻靜，遠(yuǎn)離住區(qū)，游人并不很多，處于效益考慮，前幾年除文物建筑外已租讓給私人開設(shè)藥膳。當(dāng)時設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)和太陽宮大殿圓窗（意寓太陽）又可對景的入口照壁圓洞，也被封起來，還有框景、隔景等，因?yàn)橐褂妹娣e最大化也被改造得面目全非。其實(shí)這里曾經(jīng)是道教火神建筑所在，涼亭周圍是商人活動中心，探行情、玩龍燈、踩高蹺、玩雜耍。因此，如果今后重新定義它的事件性，譬如強(qiáng)調(diào)道教性質(zhì)并形成移民交流會所，倒是對廣泛居住有外地人的河西地區(qū)會發(fā)揮更大作用。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

委托方/Client：南京河西指揮部/Nanjing Hexi Command Center

工程負(fù)責(zé)人/Project Director：陳薇/CHEN Wei

規(guī)劃，建筑，景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Planning, Architecture & Landscape：陳薇，張磊，賈亭立，王勁/CHEN Wei, ZHANG Lei, JIA Tingli, WANG Jing

修繕設(shè)計(jì)/Renovation Design：陳薇，王勁/CHEN Wei, WANG Jing

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Design：陳薇/CHEN Wei

建筑結(jié)構(gòu)/Structural Design：孫遜，王偉成/SUN Xun, WANG Weicheng

水電設(shè)備/Hydroelectric Facility：吳雁，龔曾谷/WU Yan, GONG Zenggu

用地規(guī)劃/Site Area：2.3hm2

建筑面積/Floor Area：1460m2

設(shè)計(jì)時間/Design Period：2004

Events at Sun Palace Scenic Area

Event on location: There are two Sun Palace buildings, East Xuanwu Lake Sun Palace and Hexi Sun Palace. The former features modern building, like a half sun, the latter has its historic origin. Hexi Sun Palace is located at the edge area in the west of Nanjing Qinhuai River, namely Hexi. The area belongs to Shangxinhe Watercourse near the Yangtze River. It is the pivot of water transportation, with the urban functions at westbound Nanjing. In Nanjing history it was also an important distribution center of timbers used for the construction of royal halls, government offices and civilian houses. All the timbers transported through waterway from Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei was first deposited at Shangxinhe waterway and on the surface of Yangtze River. There were many timber merchants from other places in Shangxinhe town. They were from Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei, each group taking a block of the river as a timber harbor. It started from Ming Dynasty and lasted till early modern times.

Event on the architecture: According to related historical record, the first Sun Palace was constructed by timber dealers from Hunan and Hubei Provinces, who wished to prevent the happening of fire disaster through the protection of Sun God (God of fire), at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty. Constructed in Qing Dynasty, the second Sun Palace occupied an area of over a hundred mu and was quite prosperous for a certain period of time. The palace was composed of one hall and two pavilions, with the hall facing the west and the worshiped god facing the east, the direction of sun rising. It was torn down during the war at the time of Taiping Rebellion, but was soon restored. During China’s anti-Japanese war, there were Japanese troops stationed in the palace, who slaughtered seven Chinese people for the death of one of their war horses. And in the autumn of 1944, Japanese army set fire on the palace and broke it down. After Chinese victory of the war, Sun Palace was reconstructed by some strong-willed merchants from Hunan and Hubei Provinces, which formed the third Sun Palace. It is in the same structural pattern as the one constructed during the time of the Republic of China. At the time we accepted the project, we could see that the palace was composed of two pavilions and a spacious hall, with the former two on each side of the latter. The architecture shows distinctive style that combines oriental and occidental architectural features, especially the hanging and the roof color of the pavilions, the straight roof line, the diamond-shaped tiles, the

shape of doors and windows and the inlaid colored glasses on them, which reflect the influences of western architecture. Though ranked as a districtlevel cultural relic conservation unit when we took over in 2004, the palace was dilapidated considerably that is totally understandable regarding the fact that it was used as a base for steel smelting and a factory house for clothes processing after 1958.

Event on design: The year of 2004 saw the energetic construction of Hexi for the Tenth National Games that was held in 2005 in Nanjing. The Hexi Sun Palace was planned and designed as a scenic spot in B District in Hexi Binjiang (riverside, along the Yangtze River) Scenic Belt. People can spend their leisure time here after sports. It connects the west-end plaza of the main axis of Binjiang Park southward, joints the highlying Binjiang Avenue westward, and leads to the roads inside Binjiang Scenic Spot from north to east. Like the west of the city, this is an everchanging urban edge section,. All we need to do is to include designs of the renovation of the main temple hall and two pavilions, of the newly-built buildings and environment, and the integration of the watercourse, trees and levees that are reserved for the people at the west-end of the axis of Binjiang Park. The main purposes are as follows: (1) To highlight in new environment the preserved historic buildings that have long been out of repair; (2) To make suitable design by fully employing the present conditions of the base, such as reserving maples and plane trees, and making use of the pond, original drainage system and mound piled on plain ground; (3) To tie traditional and modern buildings together in the new scenic environment.

Events to be done for Hexi Sun Palace: Hexi Sun Palace opened during the Tenth National Games. It was announced as one of Nanjing cultural relic preservation sites on June 10th, 2006. Now Hexi Sun Palace enjoys certain fame in Binjiang Park. There is a long road called Sun Palace Road at the riverside. As the place is quiet and remote from residential areas, few people visit it. Out of the consideration of efficiency, the palace was rented as private herbal cuisine center except for the cultural relic buildings. As for the previous design, in order to respond to the round window of the Main Temple Hall, which implied the Sun, the round hole on the screen wall at the entrance was blocked, and even the design of windows for framed and partitioned scenery were remolded out of recognition for the principle of maximizing the usable area. In fact, it was once where the Taoist temple of the Fire God stood. The place surrounding the pavilion was the Merchant Activity Center for market information, dragon lamp playing, stilt walking and vaudeville. Therefore if its events are redefined so as to emphasize the nature of Taoism and to develop it into a center for communication between emigrants, it will play a greater role in Hexi area, where a large number of people from other places reside.

評論

谷云瑞：南京，秦淮河，太陽宮，總讓人聯(lián)想起中國近代史中許多的重大事件。而太陽宮景區(qū)的設(shè)計(jì)又把近代的歷史物源清澈地延展至今日人們的生活之中。

歷史建筑的修繕與保護(hù)，基地現(xiàn)狀的充分利用，新建筑與周邊老少鄰友的攜手相伴，其連綿不斷的整體氣韻無不傳遞出設(shè)計(jì)者尊敬自然與歷史，禮讓謙和、內(nèi)外融合的東方人文理念。

也許有些逐物意移的人們會認(rèn)為其景區(qū)缺少當(dāng)下一些曜目喧彩的時尚亮點(diǎn)。也許有些工本至尚的人們會認(rèn)為其景區(qū)缺少一些并皆佳妙的觀賞細(xì)節(jié)。

而歷史與當(dāng)今的自然連貫，相應(yīng)對照的古雅平淡氣息，讓我們感覺到設(shè)計(jì)者在太陽宮景區(qū)項(xiàng)目中本真自然、深藏韻味的良苦用心。

張謹(jǐn)：南京太陽宮景區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目，是一個集文物修繕、新建建筑、景觀設(shè)計(jì)于一體的工程項(xiàng)目。對于這樣一個復(fù)雜性的項(xiàng)目，整體的協(xié)調(diào)性是終極的檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該設(shè)計(jì)完好地回應(yīng)了協(xié)調(diào)性的要求：新建部分采用舊有建筑的主題語匯，如坡屋頂、圓形窗、赭紅色的立柱等；在尺度、比例等方面取得一致，最大程度形成了新與舊的呼應(yīng)。而在設(shè)計(jì)手法上以新的材料和極為簡潔的細(xì)部處理方式，與舊有建筑相區(qū)別，創(chuàng)造渾然一體而又各具特點(diǎn)的整體景觀，形成了新與舊對話的微妙平衡。

Comments

GU Yunrui: Nanjing, Qinhuai River, and Sun Palace: all remind people of many major incidents happened in modern China. And the design of the Sun Palace Scenic Area extends the historic flow from the modern history to people's present life with success.

The continuous and intact artistic conception of the area, which is accomplished by the effective repair and protection of historical architecture, the ample use of existing base, and the connection between new buildings and surrounding environment, reflects the designer's respects toward the nature and history, as well as her inclusive oriental humanity concepts, i.e., courtesy, humble, modest, and gracious.

It is possible that people who pursue for latest stimulus might feel deficiency of eye-catching highlights in the area. Alike, people who admire delicate designs might hold the lack of appreciation details in the scenic area.

Nevertheless, the natural connection between history and present and the plain but elegant atmosphere in the scenic area show us the designer's intention for an authentic, natural, and stylish establishment in this project.

ZHANG Jin: The design of Sun Palace Scenic Area in Nanjing is a scheme integrating cultural relics restoration, new architecture construction, and landscape design. Regarding the complicatedness of the project, the comprehensive balance can be used as the ultimate standard for the implementation. The designer has given full concern to the balance between various construction elements: old architectural components including the slope roof, round window, and ember-colored pillar are used in new architectures; and coordination in dimension and scale between old and new architectures accomplishes a harmonious response between these two types of constructions. Nevertheless, the designer also adopts new materials and a plainer detail construction method that are different from old architectures, as a result, a general landscape that is both integral and with distinctive features at different parts is formed, achieving a subtle balance between the new and the old.

Sun Palace Areas of Hexi, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2005

Project Design: CHEN Wei/Architects & Engineers Co. Ltd. of Southeast University