王炎陽(yáng) 徐備 程勝東 廖聞 邵軍 汪巖
1.北京大學(xué)造山帶與地殼演化教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京大學(xué)地球與空間科學(xué)學(xué)院,北京 1008712.沈陽(yáng)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)研究所,沈陽(yáng) 1100341.
中亞造山帶是全球顯生宙陸殼增生與改造最強(qiáng)烈的地區(qū)之一,其形成與古亞洲洋的演化密切相關(guān)(Seng?retal.,1993; Tang,1990)。中亞造山帶的東段習(xí)稱興蒙造山帶,作為華北板塊與其北部陸塊碰撞拼合的產(chǎn)物,興蒙造山帶的研究對(duì)于了解古亞洲洋的閉合及中亞造山帶的演化歷史具有重要意義。然而興蒙造山帶的位置、時(shí)代與形成過(guò)程一直未有定論。例如,有學(xué)者提出索倫科爾-西拉木倫(Solonker-Xar Moron)縫合帶代表古亞洲洋晚古生代最后閉合的位置(任紀(jì)舜等,1980; 李春昱等,1982; 李錦軼等,1986,2007; Xiaoetal.,2003; Li,2006);也有學(xué)者認(rèn)為存在更大范圍的早古生代造山帶(何國(guó)琦和邵濟(jì)安,1983;Tang,1990;邵濟(jì)安,1991),可稱為“雙沖造山帶”,由南造山帶和北造山帶組成(Xu and Chen,1993,1997; Xuetal.,2013)。關(guān)于古亞洲洋閉合的時(shí)代也有較大爭(zhēng)議,一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為晚古生代古亞洲洋進(jìn)入閉合階段,發(fā)育與俯沖-碰撞有關(guān)的構(gòu)造格局(Xiaoetal.,2003,2009; Li,2006; Jianetal.,2010);另一種觀點(diǎn)則認(rèn)為古亞洲洋在早-中古生代已經(jīng)閉合,晚古生代處于伸展環(huán)境,發(fā)育與陸內(nèi)裂谷有關(guān)的巖石建造(邵濟(jì)安,1991; 唐克東,1992; 洪大衛(wèi)等,1994;Hongetal.,1996)。
內(nèi)蒙古赤峰市克什克騰旗-林西地區(qū)是涉及上述爭(zhēng)議的關(guān)鍵地區(qū)之一??耸部蓑v旗五道石門水庫(kù)出露一套由灰綠色玄武巖、枕狀玄武巖和硅質(zhì)粉砂巖組成的火山-沉積巖系,前人研究認(rèn)為它們屬于蛇綠巖。何國(guó)琦和邵濟(jì)安(1983)根據(jù)五道石門枕狀細(xì)碧巖中夾有硅質(zhì)巖夾層和透鏡體并有屬于早古生代的微體化石,將五道石門、黃崗梁、杏樹洼等地的基性、超基性巖等初步認(rèn)定為早古生代蛇綠巖建造。李錦軼(1986,1987)根據(jù)礦物學(xué)及巖石地球化學(xué)特征,認(rèn)為五道石門地區(qū)的枕狀基性熔巖可能是來(lái)源于上地幔的玄武質(zhì)巖漿,并在早古生代洋盆擴(kuò)張中心噴發(fā),構(gòu)成了古洋殼蛇綠巖套的一部分,并可能于志留紀(jì)末構(gòu)造侵位于華北板塊的北緣。而王玉凈和樊志勇(1997)則根據(jù)杏樹洼蛇綠巖中發(fā)現(xiàn)的放射蟲化石認(rèn)為上述蛇綠巖屬中二疊世中晚期。然而目前缺乏對(duì)五道石門基性火山巖的同位素定年數(shù)據(jù)。本文對(duì)五道石門水庫(kù)的基性火山巖進(jìn)行了LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb年齡測(cè)定,并結(jié)合前人資料分析其構(gòu)造環(huán)境。
研究區(qū)位于內(nèi)蒙古克什克騰旗西北部、渾善達(dá)克沙地以東,處于北造山帶(蘇尼特左旗-錫林浩特)和南造山帶(溫都爾廟南-吉中地區(qū))之間。出露的地層為下元古界寶音圖群、上石炭統(tǒng)本巴圖組、二疊系和中生代侏羅系、白堊系火山碎屑巖及火山熔巖(圖1a)。五道石門水庫(kù)一帶(圖1b)主要出露上古生界二疊系和中生代侏羅系、白堊系陸相火山碎屑巖及火山熔巖,其中二疊系地層由老到新依次為大石寨組、哲斯組和林西組(內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局,1991)。
大石寨組為淺海-濱海相碎屑巖、細(xì)碧巖、角斑巖及凝灰?guī)r組合,厚度大于2680m。其底部為一套濱海相砂、頁(yè)巖組合,下限不清。哲斯組原稱西烏珠穆沁旗組或黃崗梁組,從五道石門到黃崗梁林場(chǎng)一帶大面積出露,下部主要是黃綠色砂礫巖、粉砂巖、礫巖、灰色生物碎屑巖和硅質(zhì)巖;上部為灰綠色、灰黑色塊狀炭質(zhì)粉砂巖、板巖,夾灰?guī)r透鏡體,總厚約2238m;其上與林西組為連續(xù)沉積,其下與大石寨組為角度不整合接觸關(guān)系。林西組主要分布于五道石門水庫(kù)西北側(cè)和黃崗梁林場(chǎng)南側(cè),巖性比較單一,主要由一套黑色頁(yè)巖、粉砂巖、砂巖組成,上限不清,下部與下哲斯組似為整合接觸,出露厚度約為2699m(內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局,1991)。
本文研究的火山巖分布于五道石門水庫(kù)沿岸。由南往北依次為玄武巖、枕狀玄武巖、玄武巖及硅質(zhì)粉砂巖,剖面層序(圖2)如下:
4)灰白色硅質(zhì)粉砂巖(圖3a),連續(xù)薄層狀產(chǎn)出,鏡下觀察其由細(xì)小碎屑構(gòu)成水平層理,成分主要為粉砂級(jí)的石英,少數(shù)可達(dá)0.1mm;此外還含有較多細(xì)小的云母碎片(圖3d)。出露在水庫(kù)大壩北岸陡坡上,偶見(jiàn)硅質(zhì)粉砂巖與黑綠色玄武巖呈互層狀產(chǎn)出,互層厚度3~10cm。粉砂巖表現(xiàn)出明顯的韻律性層理,厚約15m。
3)厚層狀灰綠色玄武巖,見(jiàn)于水庫(kù)大壩北岸陡坡,破碎強(qiáng)烈,厚約90m。
2)灰綠色枕狀構(gòu)造玄武巖,見(jiàn)于水庫(kù)大壩南岸(圖3b)。
圖1研究區(qū)地質(zhì)簡(jiǎn)圖(a,據(jù)Miaoetal.,2007,有修改;b據(jù)內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)地質(zhì)調(diào)查院,1968*內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)地質(zhì)調(diào)查院.1968.1:20萬(wàn)劉家營(yíng)子圖幅區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查報(bào)告)
Fig.1Sketch geological map of study area (a,after Miaoetal.,2007)
圖2 五道石門大壩地質(zhì)剖面Fig.2 Cross-section of Wudaoshimen Dam
枕體呈上凸下平或略凹的不規(guī)則橢球狀,其底面總體傾向北東方向。枕體長(zhǎng)軸0.4~1.0m不等,邊部具有冷凝邊,內(nèi)部氣孔和杏仁狀構(gòu)造較發(fā)育,杏仁體多由綠泥石、方解石和硅質(zhì)組成,厚約20m。鏡下觀察其礦物組成主要為斜長(zhǎng)石和少量輝石(圖3e),間粒結(jié)構(gòu);斜長(zhǎng)石呈自形-半自形細(xì)板條狀,輝石呈他形細(xì)粒狀充填于斜長(zhǎng)石空隙中。
1)厚層狀灰綠色玄武巖夾少量透鏡狀紅色硅質(zhì)巖,見(jiàn)于水庫(kù)大壩南岸,破碎強(qiáng)烈,未見(jiàn)底。紅色硅質(zhì)巖呈不連續(xù)的透鏡狀,質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬,分布稀疏(圖3c);鏡下觀察其主要由細(xì)小鱗片狀石英組成(圖3f)。
樣品WD1019-01為采自水庫(kù)大壩南岸的灰綠色枕狀玄武巖,采樣點(diǎn)GPS坐標(biāo):43°35′27″N,117°15′58″E。巖枕大小約0.4×0.3×0.3m。樣品采用常規(guī)方法進(jìn)行破碎,經(jīng)浮選和磁選后,再在雙目鏡下挑選出晶型和透明度較好的鋯石顆粒制成樣品靶,鋯石樣品靶的制備與SHRIMP定年鋯石樣品制備方法基本相同(宋彪等,2002)。鋯石的陰極發(fā)光(CL)顯微照相在北京大學(xué)造山帶與地殼演化教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成。
圖3 五道石門玄武巖及圍巖的野外及鏡下照片(a)-粉砂巖;(b)-枕狀熔巖;(c)-玄武巖中的紅色硅質(zhì)巖透鏡體;(d)-硅質(zhì)粉砂巖的顯微結(jié)構(gòu);(e)-枕狀熔巖的顯微結(jié)構(gòu);(f)-紅色硅質(zhì)巖的顯微結(jié)構(gòu).(d-f)為正交偏光下Fig.3 The field and microscopic photographs of Wudaoshimen basalts and wall rocks(a)-siltstone; (b)-pillow lava; (c)-red siliceous rock lenses in basalts; (d)-microstructure of siliceous siltstone; (e)-microstructure of pillow lava; (f)-microstructure of red siliceous rock.(d-f) under perpendicular polarized light
圖4 枕狀熔巖部分鋯石CL圖像Fig.4 CL images of selected zircons from Wudaoshimen pillow lava
鋯石LA-ICP-MS原位U-Pb同位素年齡分析在北京大學(xué)造山帶與地殼演化教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成。測(cè)試儀器為電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜儀(Agilent 7500c)和準(zhǔn)分子激光剝蝕系統(tǒng)(COMPExPro102)聯(lián)機(jī),激光器為ArF準(zhǔn)分子激光器。激光剝蝕束斑直徑為32μm,激光能量密度為10J/cm2,剝蝕頻率為5Hz。實(shí)驗(yàn)中采用He作為剝蝕物質(zhì)的載氣,Ar為輔助氣。鋯石年齡計(jì)算采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋯石Plesovice(337Ma)作為外標(biāo)(Slámaetal.,2008),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋯石91500為監(jiān)控盲樣。元素含量采用國(guó)際標(biāo)樣NIST610作為外標(biāo),為內(nèi)標(biāo)元素進(jìn)行校正。剝蝕樣品前先進(jìn)行15次激光脈沖的預(yù)剝蝕,采集20s的空白,隨后進(jìn)行60s的樣品剝蝕,剝蝕完成后進(jìn)行2分鐘的樣品池沖洗。采樣方式為單點(diǎn)剝蝕,每完成5個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)的樣品測(cè)定,加測(cè)標(biāo)樣一次。在15個(gè)鋯石樣品點(diǎn)前、后各測(cè)2次NIST610。樣品的同位素比值和元素含量數(shù)據(jù)處理采用GLITTER4.4.2程序計(jì)算,普通鉛校正使用Anderson(2002)給出的程序計(jì)算,加權(quán)平均年齡及諧和圖的繪制使用Isoplot/Ex(3.0)(Ludwig,2003)完成。分析數(shù)據(jù)及鋯石U-Pb諧和圖給出誤差為2σ,95%的置信度。
對(duì)五道石門枕狀玄武巖(WD1019-01)的32顆鋯石選取了32個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了測(cè)定,其測(cè)試結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1,鋯石陰極發(fā)光(CL)圖像見(jiàn)圖4。根據(jù)其年齡分布范圍(除1個(gè)測(cè)試點(diǎn)偏離諧和線未參加計(jì)算外)并結(jié)合CL圖像特征,測(cè)試結(jié)果可分為四組(圖5):261~290Ma(A組,15顆)、301~345Ma(B組,5顆)、446~572Ma(C組,6顆)和763~948Ma(D組,5顆)。A組鋯石晶體形態(tài)好,自形長(zhǎng)柱狀,長(zhǎng)寬比約2:1~3:1,Th/U值介于0.22~0.98;具有較寬的振蕩環(huán)帶,表現(xiàn)為基性巖漿鋯石的特征。其測(cè)試結(jié)果基本集中于諧和線上并構(gòu)成一個(gè)點(diǎn)群,15個(gè)點(diǎn)給出的諧和年齡為277±3Ma(圖5)。B組鋯石晶體形態(tài)好,柱狀,Th/U值為0.34~0.40,環(huán)帶比較細(xì)密,屬于巖漿鋯石,測(cè)試年齡從301±4Ma到345±6Ma。C組鋯石自形-半自形,短柱狀或粒狀,環(huán)帶較細(xì)密或無(wú)環(huán)帶,Th/U值介于0.16~0.99。D組鋯石自形-半自形,短柱狀或粒狀,環(huán)帶清晰細(xì)密,Th/U值較高,為1.12~1.55,測(cè)試年齡從763±10Ma到948±11Ma。
本文測(cè)試的五道石門枕狀玄武巖樣品(WD1019-01)的鋯石U-Pb測(cè)年結(jié)果可分為四組:261~290Ma(A組,15顆)、301~345Ma(B組,5顆)、446~572Ma(C組,6顆)和763~948Ma(D組,5顆)。其中,A組15個(gè)測(cè)試點(diǎn)給出的諧和年齡為277±3Ma(MSWD=0.02)。鑒于該組鋯石振蕩環(huán)帶符合基性巖漿鋯石的特征,我們認(rèn)為它代表巖石的形成年齡,表明五道石門枕狀玄武巖形成于早二疊世晚期,應(yīng)屬大石寨組。
其余三組鋯石測(cè)試結(jié)果分散,鋯石多呈自形-半自形,粒狀或短柱狀,振蕩環(huán)帶較窄,且沒(méi)有270~280Ma的生長(zhǎng)邊,表明它們應(yīng)該是基性巖漿上升過(guò)程中從圍巖捕獲的鋯石。因此這三組鋯石測(cè)試結(jié)果應(yīng)代表圍巖通道的年齡信息。B組鋯石年齡介于301±4Ma到345±6Ma之間,這與本區(qū)周邊眾多310~330Ma的巖漿事件相一致,反映了本區(qū)及周邊早石炭世-晚石炭世初大規(guī)模巖漿侵位事件。例如鮑慶中等(2007)對(duì)錫林浩特雜巖體中的石英閃長(zhǎng)巖進(jìn)行SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb年代學(xué)測(cè)定,所得年齡為313±5Ma~323±4Ma;施光海等(2003)報(bào)道該雜巖體中的石榴石花崗巖SHRIMP年齡為316±3Ma;而片麻狀二長(zhǎng)花崗巖和花崗閃長(zhǎng)巖SHRIMP年齡分別為316.5±1.8Ma和324.4±2.4Ma,并普遍具有年齡為320Ma左右的鋯石增生邊(葛夢(mèng)春等,2011);劉建峰(2009)報(bào)道林西-東烏旗一帶本巴圖組火山巖和花崗巖的鋯石U-Pb年齡分別為315.4±4.4Ma~323.9±3.5Ma和316.7±2.1Ma~323±5Ma。
表1五道石門枕狀熔巖鋯石U-Pb測(cè)年結(jié)果
Table 1Results of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age dating for the pillow lava from Wudaoshimen
測(cè)點(diǎn)號(hào)Th(×10-6)U(×10-6)Th/U同位素比值同位素年齡(Ma)207Pb/206Pb207Pb/235U206Pb/238U207Pb/206Pb207Pb/235U206Pb/238U比值2σ比值2σ比值2σ年齡2σ年齡2σ年齡2σWD101901?01801050 750 056520 003760 571090 037490 073310 00125473115459244568WD101901?021591930 820 067250 002191 296390 041690 139860 00188846448441884411WD101901?03761610 470 051690 004510 306610 026360 043030 00087272158272202725WD101901?041516890 220 065980 001331 224010 024520 134590 0015980623812118149WD101901?051261350 930 064830 002281 122970 038960 125680 00178769497641976310WD101901?063603670 980 051750 002300 320860 013950 044990 0007027471283112844WD101901?072466160 400 052050 002510 313990 014820 043770 0007028879277112764WD101901?085968650 690 046840 003820 272440 021930 042180 0005541182245172663WD101901?091642510 660 053020 013730 367790 095100 050330 00100330449318713176WD101901?101642910 560 051570 004670 311190 027690 043780 00097266161275212766WD101901?1138810140 380 068040 001351 371030 026990 146190 00172870228771288010WD101901?1247970 490 052040 008280 310430 048970 043280 00110287296275382737WD101901?133093530 870 051450 002240 302620 012940 042680 0006226171268102694WD101901?142583340 770 052030 002260 315470 013460 043990 0006328771278102784WD101901?151211300 930 057410 003230 645390 035860 081570 0013050794506225058WD101901?163325350 620 051650 002020 317070 012120 044540 000642706128092814WD101901?172504560 550 051930 002580 319220 015480 044600 0007328281281122815WD101901?181426540 220 052220 001630 331050 010160 045990 000612954629082904WD101901?19401000 400 056170 004140 559720 040600 072310 00140459127451264508WD101901?201051630 650 052860 004640 401020 034930 055040 00095323166342253456WD101901?213255050 640 051240 004500 292060 025550 041350 00058252172260202614WD101901?22311940 160 055810 002490 550500 024100 071560 0011044570445164467WD101901?23586960 080 053340 002520 402050 018580 054690 0008934375343133435WD101901?241321770 750 059040 002260 754600 028340 092730 0013956956571165728WD101901?251081880 580 052130 004880 322600 029950 044900 00079291178284232835WD101901?26773110 250 070840 001601 546990 034710 158440 00198953269491494811WD101901?272113510 600 051990 002480 317980 014950 044380 0006428581280122804WD101901?281041280 810 052110 004460 344950 029130 048030 00093290156301223026WD101901?293876000 650 052350 002100 344730 013630 047780 0006530165301103014WD101901?302593460 750 051680 002450 307700 014250 043200 0006927177272112734WD101901?313373400 990 057400 001760 644260 019400 081430 0011150742505125057WD101901?32902820 320 051880 008440 317130 051380 044360 00086280310280402805
圖5 五道石門枕狀熔巖鋯石U-Pb諧和圖Fig.5 Concordia diagram showing LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating for the pillow lava from Wudaoshimen
C組鋯石具有446~572Ma的年齡,與之可對(duì)比的是,在研究區(qū)以北的錫林浩特地區(qū),葛夢(mèng)春等(2011)報(bào)道了存在早古生代巖漿弧,而錫林郭勒雜巖中也含有大量早古生代的碎屑鋯石(施光海等,2003)。與此同時(shí),在研究區(qū)東北方向的松遼地塊也具有518Ma的碎屑鋯石年齡峰值(Zhouetal.,2012)。因此五道石門基性巖中早古生代捕獲鋯石的出現(xiàn),表明其圍巖(基底)可能具有和鄰區(qū)相似的巖石建造。
D組鋯石的年齡分布于760Ma到950Ma之間研究表明,這也是華北板塊北部興蒙造山帶的重要特征(Hanetal.,2011; Rojas-Agramonteetal.,2011)。例如松遼地塊的基底年齡為750~920Ma(權(quán)京玉等,2013)。Xuetal.(2013)曾推測(cè)研究區(qū)西部渾善達(dá)克沙地(圖1)存在著一個(gè)未出露的渾善達(dá)克地塊,其基底年齡范圍為576~1044Ma。因此,D組鋯石的年齡表明五道石門枕狀玄武巖的圍巖具有相似的基底信息,說(shuō)明部分源區(qū)物質(zhì)可能是記錄了Rodinia超大陸聚合與裂解時(shí)期的巖漿活動(dòng)的新元古代基底。
何國(guó)琦和邵濟(jì)安(1983)考察了西拉木倫河一帶(五道石門、黃崗梁、杏樹洼等)出露的基性火山巖,認(rèn)為五道石門地區(qū)的玄武巖和枕狀玄武巖為細(xì)碧巖。對(duì)采自五道石門-黃崗梁地區(qū)的九個(gè)巖樣的化學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明含量較高,含量較低;同時(shí)добечов圖解表明它們具有大洋拉斑玄武巖的特征,屬于殘余洋殼。李錦軼(1986)根據(jù)該區(qū)枕狀玄武巖的礦物學(xué)及地球化學(xué)特征分析,認(rèn)為五道石門地區(qū)的枕狀玄武巖可能是源于上地幔的玄武質(zhì)巖漿在早古生代洋盆擴(kuò)張中心噴發(fā)形成,構(gòu)成了古洋殼-蛇綠巖套的一部分。
筆者根據(jù)五道石門枕狀玄武巖定年結(jié)果,結(jié)合對(duì)層序和玄武巖中硅質(zhì)巖數(shù)量和產(chǎn)狀的觀察,認(rèn)為將其作為大洋蛇綠巖的觀點(diǎn)值得商榷。首先,五道石門地區(qū)沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)一套較為完整的蛇綠巖序列,即包含地幔橄欖巖、堆晶雜巖、席狀基性巖墻和枕狀熔巖以及深海相沉積物的三位一體建造(Coleman,1977; Dilek,2003; Dilek and Furnes,2011)。另外目前僅在枕狀構(gòu)造玄武巖中見(jiàn)少量紅色硅質(zhì)巖透鏡體(圖3),與大洋深海蛇綠巖中厚層狀紅色硅質(zhì)巖相比有很大差別,例如北祁連山清水溝和百經(jīng)寺變質(zhì)硅質(zhì)巖最大厚度可達(dá)50m,綿延1~2km(Songetal.,2007)。且透鏡體產(chǎn)出于玄武巖層內(nèi)的成因尚不明確,而玄武巖層之上為灰白色硅質(zhì)粉砂巖,并無(wú)紅色硅質(zhì)巖。另一方面,枕狀玄武巖的出現(xiàn)僅能指示玄武巖漿在水下噴發(fā),并不一定代表大洋環(huán)境。而前述玄武巖樣品中三組捕獲鋯石的年齡結(jié)果顯示源區(qū)(地殼基底)含有301~345Ma、446~572Ma和763~948Ma的年齡信息,表明五道石門玄武巖可能發(fā)育在具有晚元古-早古生代基底的陸殼內(nèi),暗示早二疊世晚期本區(qū)可能處于板內(nèi)拉張環(huán)境。
(1)五道石門地區(qū)出露的火山-沉積巖系應(yīng)屬于大石寨組,下部為灰綠色塊狀玄武巖和枕狀玄武巖,鏡下觀察其礦物組成主要為細(xì)長(zhǎng)條狀斜長(zhǎng)石和少量輝石,間粒結(jié)構(gòu);上部發(fā)育灰白色硅質(zhì)粉砂巖。
(2)五道石門枕狀玄武巖樣品鋯石U-Pb定年結(jié)果大致可分為四組:最年輕組鋯石的諧和年齡為277±3Ma(n=15,MSWD=0.02),結(jié)合鋯石CL特征,應(yīng)代表巖石的形成年齡,表明其形成于早二疊世晚期,應(yīng)屬大石寨組;其余三組鋯石年齡較分散,分別為301~345Ma、446~572Ma和760~950Ma,代表了基性巖漿上升過(guò)程中從圍巖捕獲的老鋯石信息,表明五道石門玄武巖可能發(fā)育在具有晚元古-早古生代基底的陸殼之下。
(3)五道石門枕狀玄武巖應(yīng)是早二疊世晚期基性巖漿活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物,可能發(fā)育于具有新元古-古生代基底的陸殼之下,暗示早二疊世晚期本區(qū)處于板內(nèi)拉張環(huán)境,并不存在大洋。
致謝感謝北京大學(xué)造山帶與地殼演化教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室馬芳高級(jí)工程師在樣品測(cè)試和數(shù)據(jù)處理方面給予的幫助、宋述光教授在薄片鑒定和鋯石CL圖鑒別方面給予的指導(dǎo)。
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