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miR-146a促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊形成調(diào)控機(jī)制研究

2014-04-21 01:43:10孟凡磊霍曉川羅俊生
關(guān)鍵詞:油紅泡沫外周血

孟凡磊,王 超,霍曉川,關(guān) 寧,羅俊生

遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院,遼寧錦州 121001

miR-146a促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊形成調(diào)控機(jī)制研究

孟凡磊,王 超,霍曉川,關(guān) 寧,羅俊生

遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院,遼寧錦州 121001

目的探討miR-146a對(duì)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的影響及其機(jī)制。方法利用miR-146a增強(qiáng)劑(miR-146a mim ic)和miR-146a拮抗劑(miR-146a inhibitor)轉(zhuǎn)染大鼠外周血單核巨噬細(xì)胞,轉(zhuǎn)染成功后予巨噬細(xì)胞泡沫化。油紅O染色和脂質(zhì)染色的半定量分析miR-146a對(duì)細(xì)胞的脂質(zhì)堆積情況的影響。Western blot檢測(cè)膽固醇酯水解酶(cholesteryl ester hydrolase,CEH)、ABCA1和ABCG1的表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果Western blot檢測(cè)顯示,miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組的CEH表達(dá)明顯降低,miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組的ABCA1和ABCG1表達(dá)量較對(duì)照組和miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組明顯增多。油紅O染色顯示miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組、對(duì)照組和miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組的陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞比例分別為82.1%±3.1%、73.2%±0.16%和16.25%±2.1%。結(jié)論miR-146a能夠抑制大鼠外周血單核巨噬細(xì)胞細(xì)胞內(nèi)CEH的表達(dá),進(jìn)而阻礙游離膽固醇的外流,最終導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的形成。

泡沫細(xì)胞;膽固醇酯水解酶;ABCA1;ABCG1;微小RNA

由動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化引起的缺血性腦血管病(ischemic cerebrovascular disease,ICVD)占腦血管病(cerebrovascular disease,CVD)的70% ~ 80%,其具有較高的發(fā)病率和致殘率,是危害人類健康的最為常見(jiàn)的疾病之一。現(xiàn)已證實(shí)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的形成與泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)過(guò)剩膽固醇和膽固醇酯有著密切的關(guān)系[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)膽固醇酯水解酶(cholesteryl ester hydrolase,CEH)能夠增加細(xì)胞內(nèi)游離膽固醇和膽固醇酯的外流,抑制泡沫細(xì)胞的形成[2-3]。微小RNA(miRNA)是一種非編碼RNA,通過(guò)導(dǎo)致靶基因的沉默來(lái)調(diào)控真核基因的表達(dá)[4-5]。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為miRNA拮抗劑能促進(jìn)膽固醇的逆行轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)(reverse cholesterol transport,RCT),減少細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇和膽固醇酯含量[6]。同時(shí),在膽固醇逆行轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過(guò)程中最重要的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體ABCA1和ABCG1起到了通道蛋白載體的作用[7-8]。本研究通過(guò)觀察分析miRNA對(duì)大鼠外周血單核細(xì)胞的膽固醇的逆行轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響,進(jìn)一步探討miRNA對(duì)膽固醇酯水解酶的作用機(jī)制,并為藥物治療缺血性腦血管病提供理論依據(jù)。

材料和方法

1 材料 胎牛血清(美國(guó)GIBCO公司),氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)(北京協(xié)生生物科技有限公司),佛波酯(PMA)和油紅O(Sigma公司),大鼠淋巴細(xì)胞分離液(TBD sciences),內(nèi)參照β-actin(Santa Cruz公司),CEH(HCEH1)兔多克隆一抗購(gòu)于Sigma公司,ABCA1兔多克隆一抗、ABCG1兔多克隆一抗(Abcam公司)。

2 大鼠外周血單核細(xì)胞的分離提取與培養(yǎng) 取8 ~10 ml大鼠外周血,將其用0.9%氯化鈉注射液對(duì)半稀釋,加入等量的淋巴細(xì)胞分離液,于50 ml離心管中以1 500 r/min離心20 min后,小心吸取中間層和上層交接處的白細(xì)胞層于EP管中洗滌離心后,獲得T淋巴細(xì)胞,于6孔板內(nèi)備用,調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度至1×106/孔。在37℃,5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱孵育培養(yǎng)4 h后的單個(gè)核細(xì)胞此時(shí)大部分貼壁,輕輕倒去未貼壁的淋巴細(xì)胞,用濃度為50 ng/ml的PMA刺激48 h,使之轉(zhuǎn)化為巨噬細(xì)胞。

3 細(xì)胞分組及處理 將培養(yǎng)的巨噬細(xì)胞分為對(duì)照組,miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組(100 pmol刺激48 h),miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組(100 pmol刺激48 h)然后各組應(yīng)用氧化低密度脂蛋白(50 μg/ml)刺激24 h。

4 油紅O染色和脂質(zhì)半定量分析 將細(xì)胞以PBS沖洗3次,放在4℃、10%甲醛中固定10 min,用油紅O方法染色:水洗5 min,60%異丙醇中放置5 min,新過(guò)濾的油紅O染色10 min。60%異丙醇分化5 min,水洗5 min,Mayer氏蘇木精明礬染液染色5 min,1% HCl分色及反藍(lán)后,水洗5 min并照相。按Wads方法pI進(jìn)行脂質(zhì)染色的半定量分析,即根據(jù)細(xì)胞脂滴的面積進(jìn)行細(xì)胞分類。如果細(xì)胞脂滴的面積小于細(xì)胞核的面積記為“-”,細(xì)胞脂滴的面積等于或大于細(xì)胞核的面積記為“+”,此即為油紅O染色細(xì)胞;每玻片計(jì)數(shù)100個(gè)細(xì)胞。

5 Western blot檢測(cè)相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá) 不同處理組泡沫化處理24 h后將細(xì)胞刮下,收集至EP管內(nèi)。用TBS漂洗后加入裂解液裂解細(xì)胞,考馬斯亮藍(lán)法測(cè)定蛋白質(zhì)濃度。取等量蛋白上樣SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳,轉(zhuǎn)膜,5%脫脂奶粉封閉抗體,分別加入1∶200倍稀釋的CEH一抗、1∶500倍ABCA1一抗、1∶2 500倍ABCG1一抗過(guò)夜。TBST洗膜后加入二抗溫育1 h,β-actin作為內(nèi)參。TBS洗滌,加入ECL顯影劑在暗室中顯影。

6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。數(shù)據(jù)以表示,各組數(shù)據(jù)正態(tài)性和方差齊性檢驗(yàn),兩樣本均數(shù)比較采用t檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。

結(jié) 果

1 miR-146a對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞泡沫化的影響 miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞多呈橢圓形或者不規(guī)則形狀,油紅O染色陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞明顯減少,細(xì)胞核染為藍(lán)色,細(xì)胞質(zhì)紅染不明顯。而空白對(duì)照組和miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組可見(jiàn)大量的染色陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞質(zhì)大量紅染,細(xì)胞核染藍(lán)色,并且細(xì)胞體積部分增大,呈圓形或不規(guī)則形(圖1)。其中,對(duì)照組的陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞比例為73.2%±0.16%,miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組和miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組分別為82.1%±3.1%和16.25%±2.1%,與對(duì)照組相比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)??梢?jiàn)miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組泡沫化程度有所下降,miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組泡沫化的程度有所增加。

2 miR-146a減少巨噬細(xì)胞CEH的表達(dá)并且降低了膽固醇的外流 Western blot檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組比較對(duì)照組CEH表達(dá)明顯降低(圖2),表明miR-146a的含量升高可以抑制CEH的表達(dá)。并且miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組的ABCA1和ABCG1表達(dá)量較對(duì)照組和miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組明顯增多(圖3),由此我們認(rèn)為miR-146a能夠抑制與膽固醇外流相關(guān)的ATP結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體ABCA1和ABCG1的表達(dá)。

圖 1 油紅O染色顯示miR-146a能促進(jìn)大鼠外周血單核巨噬細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為泡沫細(xì)胞(×400) A: 對(duì)照組; B: miR-146a m im ic轉(zhuǎn)染組; C: miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組Fig. 1 Oil Red O staining show ing foam cells in control group(A), miR-146a m im ic transfected group(B), miR-146a inhibitor transfected group(C)

圖 2 Western blot檢測(cè)CEH表達(dá)水平Fig. 2 Western blot show ing expression level of CEH

圖 3 miR-146a m im ic和miR-146a inh ibitor轉(zhuǎn)染后Western b lot檢測(cè)ABCA 1和ABCG 1蛋白表達(dá)情況 1: miR-146a m im ic轉(zhuǎn)染組; 2: 對(duì)照組; 3: miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組Fig. 3 Western b lot show ing exp ression of ABCA 1 and ABCG1 protein in miR-146a m im ic transfected group (1), control group (2), miR-146a inhibitor transfected group (3)

討 論

巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬脂類形成泡沫細(xì)胞,并且在血管壁上聚集是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的顯著特征之一。由于血管內(nèi)皮損傷后循環(huán)中的脂蛋白尤其是修飾的低密度脂蛋白(modified lowdensity lipoprotein,mLDL)被單核巨噬細(xì)胞攝取,并逐漸增加形成泡沫細(xì)胞[9-10]。隨著泡沫細(xì)胞的脂質(zhì)不斷聚集,AS斑塊體積不斷增加,且伴隨相應(yīng)的炎癥反應(yīng),從而增加其易損性并且容易引起斑塊的破裂[11]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),清除巨噬泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)的膽固醇有逆轉(zhuǎn)AS的作用[12]。CEH在體內(nèi)組織細(xì)胞表達(dá)較為廣泛,其中以巨噬細(xì)胞和肝表達(dá)最為顯著[13]。在巨噬泡沫細(xì)胞中,CEH高表達(dá)使水解CEs的能力增強(qiáng),釋放FC增加,同時(shí)能使細(xì)胞表面通道蛋白例如ABCA1和ABCG1的表達(dá)量增加,在不同程度上促進(jìn)了RCT的進(jìn)程,抑制泡沫細(xì)胞的形成[11,14]。

近年來(lái),miRNA作為治療靶點(diǎn)指導(dǎo)疾病的診斷和藥物的研究已經(jīng)成為熱點(diǎn)。且基于miRNA基因防治AS已經(jīng)越來(lái)越受到學(xué)者重視。miR-146a對(duì)細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)過(guò)程有重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用,能夠抑制IL-18的表達(dá)、調(diào)節(jié)巨噬細(xì)胞功能、促進(jìn)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖等作用[15-16]。研究證實(shí)miR-146a對(duì)脂質(zhì)代謝具有調(diào)節(jié)作用,可以參與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成的過(guò)程[17-18]。但miR-146a是否通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)CEH表達(dá)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)泡沫細(xì)胞RCT的進(jìn)程還未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。因此,我們通過(guò)以上的研究來(lái)觀察它們是否存在聯(lián)系。

我們通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)染大鼠外周血單核巨噬細(xì)胞miR-146a mimic,使巨噬細(xì)胞內(nèi)miR-146a量增多,觀察CEH的表達(dá)量是否有所變化。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-146a組與對(duì)照組相比CEH的表達(dá)程度明顯減低,據(jù)此我們推測(cè)miR-146a能通過(guò)某些信號(hào)通路來(lái)下調(diào)CEH的表達(dá),促進(jìn)泡沫細(xì)胞的形成。

AS的形成與泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)的聚集有密切的關(guān)系,故增加巨噬泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇外流是防治AS的關(guān)鍵。因此,本研究通過(guò)油紅O染色和Western blot觀察分析各組泡沫細(xì)胞的形成情況、膽固醇逆行轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體ABCA1和ABCG1的表達(dá)情況、miR-146a對(duì)泡沫細(xì)胞的影響。結(jié)果顯示,miR-146a inhibitor轉(zhuǎn)染組較對(duì)照組和miR-146a mimic轉(zhuǎn)染組ABCA1和ABCG1表達(dá)增高,泡沫細(xì)胞形成數(shù)目也較少。該結(jié)果證實(shí)了miR-146a與巨噬細(xì)胞泡沫化成正相關(guān)。同時(shí)miR-146a能抑制ABCA1和ABCG1的表達(dá),阻礙膽固醇的逆行轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),最終導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的形成。因此,我們認(rèn)為miR-146a能夠通過(guò)抑制CEH表達(dá)進(jìn)而減少巨噬細(xì)胞膽固醇外流相關(guān)受體的表達(dá),促進(jìn)了巨噬細(xì)胞向泡沫細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)化。

綜上所述,本研究證明了miR-146a抑制大鼠外周血單核巨噬細(xì)胞CEH的表達(dá),促進(jìn)了的細(xì)胞的泡沫化,并且降低了細(xì)胞內(nèi)游離膽固醇外流。但是其機(jī)制還需要進(jìn)一步的探究。同時(shí)以上研究結(jié)果的發(fā)現(xiàn)為進(jìn)一步探討miR-146a與CEH相關(guān)作用機(jī)制和防治AS的藥理研究提供了理論依據(jù)。

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Mechanism in regulation of miR-146a promoting atherosclerotic p laque formation

MENG Fan-lei, WANG Chao, HUO X iao-chuan, GUAN Ning, LUO Jun-sheng
The frst aff liated hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
Corresponding author: LUO Jun-sheng. Email: luojunshengljs@sina.com

ObjectiveTo study the effect and mechanism of miR-146a in atherosclerotic plaque.MethodsRat monocyte macrophages were transfected with agom ir-146a (miR-146a m im ic) and antagomir-146a (miR-146a inhibitor), and exposed to ox-LDL after transfection. Macrophages were stained with oil red O and sem i-quantitative analysis were used to evaluate the effect of miR-146a on lipid accumulation. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of CEH, ABCA1 and ABCG1.ResultsWestern Blot showed that the expression of CEH signif cantly decreased in miR-146a mimics, while the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in miR-146a inhibitor transfection group increased much more than they were in the control group and miR-146a m im ic transfection group. Oil Red O staining showed that the positive cells ratios in miR-146a m im ic transfection group and control group and miR-146a inhibitor transfected group were 82.1%±3.1%, 73.2%±0.162% and 16.25%±2.1% respectively.ConclusionmiR-146a can inhibit the expression of CEH in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells and hinder cholesterol effux, thus resulting in atherosclerotic plaque formation.

foam cell; cholesteryl ester hydrolase; ABCA1; ABCG1; MicroRNA

R 543.5

A

2095-5227(2014)08-0847-04

10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.08.020

2014-04-04 11:40

http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20140404.1140.003.html

2013-11-25

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81171111);遼寧省科技廳自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2013022016);遼寧省教育廳科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目(L20122 98);遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院校長(zhǎng)基金項(xiàng)目(XZJJ20130211);遼寧省科技廳科學(xué)技術(shù)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011225055)

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81171111); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Science and Technology Committee (2013022016); Science and Technology Research Project of Liaoning Education Committee(L2012298); Science and Technology Plan Project of Liaoning Science and Technology Committee(2011225055)

孟凡磊,男,在讀碩士。研究方向:腦血管病的基礎(chǔ)與臨床。Email: 791031025@qq.com

羅俊生,男,博士,出站博士后,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師。Email: luojunshengljs@sina.com

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