耿宗澤 戴亞 代先強(qiáng) 楊杰
摘要 [目的]研究密集烤房低溫慢烤技術(shù)對(duì)煙葉的外觀質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響,為煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)提供更科學(xué)的新烘烤技術(shù)。[方法]以“三段六步式”烘烤工藝為對(duì)照,研究了低溫慢烤“新三段六步式”烘烤工藝烤后煙葉的外觀質(zhì)量、等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。[結(jié)果]試驗(yàn)表明,與對(duì)照相比,低溫慢烤新烘烤工藝烘烤的煙葉成熟度提高,油分增加,橘黃煙比例提高了21.54個(gè)百分點(diǎn);上等煙比例增加了18.37個(gè)百分點(diǎn),其中C2F煙葉的比例大幅增加,提高了23.73個(gè)百分點(diǎn),相同等級(jí)相比,達(dá)到了極顯著水平(α=0.01);每炕干煙(550 kg/炕)煙農(nóng)增加凈收益可達(dá)654元。[結(jié)論]低溫慢烤“新三段六步式”烘烤工藝具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)用價(jià)值,可在大部分煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)推廣使用。
關(guān)鍵詞 密集烤房;低溫慢烤;經(jīng)濟(jì)效益
中圖分類號(hào) S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611(2014)27-09549-02
Effects of Bulk Curing Barn Soft Temperature and Slow Curing Speed on Economic Benefit of Fluecured Tobacco
GENG Zongze1, DAI Ya1*, DAI Xianqiang2et al
(1. Technology Center of China Tobacco Chuanyu Industrial Co.Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610066; 2. Fengdu Branch, Chongqing Company of Tobacco Leaf Production Purchase and Sale Corporation, Chongqing 408200)
Abstract [Objective] To study effects of bulk curing barn soft temperature and slow curing speed on appearance quality and economic benefit of tobacco leaf, and provide a more scientific curing technology for tobacco producing area. [Method] With “three stages of six steps” curing technique as the control, the appearance quality, grade structure and economic benefit of tobacco leaf after curing by soft temperature and slow curing speed were studied. [Result] The results showed that compared with the control, soft temperature and slow curing speed can improve tobacco leaf maturity degree and oil. The proportion of the orange leaves increased by 21.54 percent, and the superior leaf increased by 18.3 percent, among of them, grade C2F increased by 23.73 percent at the same level and the difference between them is extremely significant (α=0.01). An extra profit increased 1.19 yuan per kilogram weight of cured leaf for tobacco grower compared with “three stages of six steps” curing method. [Conclusion] Soft temperature and slow curing speed technique has a strong practical value, which can be applied in most area of tobacco growing area.
Key words Bulk curing barn; Soft temperature and slow curing speed; Economic benefit
密集烤房可有效增加裝煙容量、節(jié)約煤炭、電力和人力成本,并且具有自動(dòng)化程度較高、容易調(diào)控、不易烤出爛煙等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[1-2],近幾年已經(jīng)在煙草農(nóng)業(yè)中廣泛使用。但是在現(xiàn)實(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,由于密集烤房采用強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)技術(shù),煙農(nóng)對(duì)密集烤房烘烤時(shí)間和變黃速度的掌握不到位。烘烤過程中的溫濕度在很大程度上決定了煙葉內(nèi)部各種生理生化變化和各種大分子物質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)化[3],烘烤溫度設(shè)定過高,就會(huì)縮短煙葉的變黃和定色時(shí)間,烤后煙葉的等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和煙葉質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重下降,與工業(yè)企業(yè)對(duì)煙葉質(zhì)量的要求形成較大差距。針對(duì)這一普遍現(xiàn)象,筆者重點(diǎn)研究了低溫慢烤的烘烤方式對(duì)烤煙等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響,為改善煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量提供技術(shù)支撐。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
供試品種為重慶市豐都縣平煙站太平鄉(xiāng)川渝中
煙國家局基地主栽品種云煙87,供試煙葉面積8 hm2,土壤肥力均勻一致,煙葉移栽期、施肥和管理措施基本相同;煙葉生長發(fā)育與成熟正常,煙葉大小、部位、營養(yǎng)水平和成熟度等基本一致。供試煙葉為中部煙葉,采收時(shí)要求成熟采收,成熟度均勻一致。密集烤房KH3型6座,烤房規(guī)格為2.7 m×80 m,為氣流下降式烤房,裝煙方式采取掛桿烘烤。每炕可裝煙3層,每層125桿左右。
1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 田間試驗(yàn)安排在重慶市豐都縣武平煙站太平鄉(xiāng)川渝中煙國家局基地單元。
煙葉同時(shí)采收、同時(shí)編竿上炕,同時(shí)點(diǎn)火。共采用2種烘烤工藝,每種烘烤工藝重復(fù)3次。以重慶市豐都縣“三段六步式”烘烤工藝為對(duì)照(CK);試驗(yàn)處理(T)采用“低溫慢烤新‘三段六步式烘烤工藝”:變黃期階段和定色第1階段干球溫度下調(diào)2 ℃,變黃前期濕球溫度相應(yīng)下調(diào)。附試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)見表1~2。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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