平先權(quán),鄭建平,熊 慶,張志海,夏 冰
中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院,武漢 430074
揚子西北緣碧口塊體花崗質(zhì)巖體鋯石U-Pb年齡、Hf同位素特征及其地質(zhì)意義
平先權(quán),鄭建平,熊 慶,張志海,夏 冰
中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院,武漢 430074
對揚子西北緣碧口塊體中白雀寺和大安花崗質(zhì)巖體進行了鋯石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究。結(jié)果表明,白雀寺巖體的年齡分2組:(855±6)Ma(n=23)和(917±14)Ma(n=3)。前者εHf(t)為3.8~10.4,一階段 Hf模式年齡為1.00~1.27Ga;后者εHf(t)為2.0~8.1,一階段 Hf模式年齡為1.14~1.40 Ga。而大安巖體給出了6組不同的年齡:(854±10)Ma(n=3)、(801±7)Ma(n=3)、(702±10)Ma(n=3)、(565±6)Ma(n=1)、(246±7)Ma(n=1)和(207±2)Ma(n=1)。其εHf(t)為-12.6~11.4(t=854 Ma),一階段和二階段Hf模式年齡分別為0.95~1.90Ga和1.02~2.55Ga。白雀寺和大安巖體的侵位年齡分別為(855±6)Ma和(854±10)Ma,代表了揚子西北緣碧口塊體內(nèi)的一次重要巖漿事件,前者主體來源于中元古代新生陸殼源區(qū),而后者主要來源于中元古代新生陸殼與晚太古代地殼物質(zhì)的混合源區(qū)。此外,白雀寺巖體中(917±14)Ma的年齡代表新元古代早期的巖漿活動,而大安巖體中年輕的年齡可能記錄著巖體后期所經(jīng)歷的復(fù)雜熱改造事件。
碧口塊體;花崗質(zhì)巖體;鋯石U-Pb年齡;Hf同位素;揚子西北緣;巖石學(xué)
碧口塊體位于揚子板塊的西北緣,前人對其的研究工作主要限于碧口群火山巖,所得到的認識也非常 不 一 致,有 島 弧[1-7]、弧 內(nèi) 裂 谷[8]、大 陸 裂谷[9-12]、洋中脊和(或)大洋板內(nèi)說[13-14]或元古宙古陸塊[15]等觀點。在前人的研究中,很少涉及該塊體的深部地殼性質(zhì)。花崗巖類是揭示深部地殼組成和地球動力學(xué)過程的有效途徑[16]。近年來,有學(xué)者對碧口塊體中生代花崗巖體進行了年代學(xué)和物質(zhì)組成的研究[17-21],而對侵入其中的新元古代巖體研究較少[22-23],特別是有關(guān)花崗質(zhì)巖體年代學(xué)及其源區(qū)性質(zhì)的研究更少。在本文中,筆者選取了位于碧口塊體內(nèi)部偏北的白雀寺巖體和東南邊部的大安巖體為研究對象,通過詳細的巖石學(xué)、鋯石內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和年代學(xué)與Hf同位素的原位激光分析,并結(jié)合前人的研究成果探討它們的形成時代、巖石成因及其源區(qū)性質(zhì),進一步制約碧口塊體的深部地殼組成和演化。
位于揚子板塊西北緣的碧口塊體(圖1)呈長三角形狀分別以勉略縫合帶、青川—陽平關(guān)斷裂、岷江斷裂為界與西秦嶺造山帶、龍門山構(gòu)造帶及松潘—甘孜造山帶相接[15,24-25]。塊體內(nèi)主體出露的巖石地層單位是碧口群和橫丹群,均屬淺變質(zhì)火山-沉積巖,并以楓相院—銅錢壩斷裂分隔。其中最古老的巖石單元為魚洞子群,主要由片麻巖類和少量斜長角閃巖組成,形成年齡為(3 150±79)Ma[26]。碧口群主要由變中—基性火山熔巖和少量的火山碎屑巖組成[1-4,9-10],并 有 新 元 古 代 和 中 生 代 巖 體 侵 入 其中[18,22-23]。碧口群的變中—基性火山熔巖中鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb確定的時代為846~776Ma[6,12];橫丹群主要由巨厚的深海濁積巖系組成,顯示為前弧盆地沉積特征[27-30],并且有中生代巖體侵入其中[18-19]。二 者 都 經(jīng) 歷 了 低 綠 片 巖 相 變 質(zhì) 作用[2,4,9-10,31]。橫 丹 群 中 的 深 海 濁 積 巖 碎 屑 鋯 石SHRIMP U-Pb年齡為850~700Ma[7]。
碧口塊體的碧口群中有新元古代巖體侵入,如坪頭山、劉家坪、關(guān)口埡、白雀寺、羅素河、大安和銅廠等巖體。本次主要對該塊體內(nèi)部偏北的白雀寺巖體和東南邊部的大安巖體進行研究。白雀寺巖體出露于陜西省略陽縣白雀寺—石甕子一帶,平面上呈南—北向的長透鏡狀產(chǎn)出,出露面積約60km2。該巖體除東北部與泥盆系呈斷層接觸外,主體侵位于元古宇碧口群火山巖系中,巖體主要由閃長巖和石英二長巖組成。采自其中的樣品BQS01為角閃石英二長巖,呈淺紅色,半自形粒狀結(jié)構(gòu)(圖2A),塊狀構(gòu)造。該樣品主要由堿性長石(45%~50%)、斜長石(30%~35%)、石英(5%~10%)和少量角閃石(5%)等組成,粒徑為0.3~3mm,副礦物主要為鋯石、磷灰石、磁鐵礦等。大安巖體出露于陜西省寧強縣大安鎮(zhèn)以南鐵爐溝一帶,緊鄰青川—陽平關(guān)斷裂帶及其以東地區(qū),出露面積約15km2。該巖體主要由斜長花崗巖組成,并侵位于碧口群千枚巖和砂巖中。采自該巖體中的樣品DA03為斜長花崗巖,呈灰白色,中細?;◢徑Y(jié)構(gòu)(圖2B),塊狀構(gòu)造。該樣品主要由斜長石(60%~65%)、石英(25%~30%)和少量角閃石(5%)等組成,副礦物主要為鋯石、磷灰石、榍石、磁鐵礦等。另外,斜長石表面均較臟(圖2B),且角閃石存在綠泥石化現(xiàn)象,表明巖石可能經(jīng)歷了后期的改造作用。
圖1 碧口塊體區(qū)域地質(zhì)簡圖(據(jù)文獻[18]修編)Fig.1 Regional geological map of Bikou terrane(modified after references[18])
圖2 樣品BSQ01(A)和DA03(B)正交偏光鏡下照片F(xiàn)ig.2 Photos in thin section of BQS01(A)and DA03(B)
鋯石經(jīng)過粉碎、淘洗、重液及電磁分選獲得精尾,然后在雙目鏡下人工挑選出鋯石。將挑純的鋯石顆粒置于環(huán)氧樹脂制作的靶圈中,待固結(jié)后拋磨至粒徑的1/2左右,使鋯石內(nèi)部充分暴露,然后進行鋯石顯微(反射光和透射光)照相。鋯石的陰極發(fā)光(CL)圖像(圖3)在中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(武漢)地質(zhì)過程與礦產(chǎn)資源國家重點實驗室(GPMR)的JXA-8100電子探針上完成,工作使用的加速電壓和電子束電流分別為15kV和20nA。鋯石U-Pb年齡(表1)、微量元素(表2)及Lu-Hf同位素(表3)均在西北大學(xué)大陸動力學(xué)國家重點實驗室的LA-ICPMS和LA-MC-ICPMS上分析獲得。采用單點原位同時分析鋯石U-Pb年齡、微量元素和Hf同位素的方法[32]。激光剝蝕系統(tǒng)(LA)為德國MicroLas公司生產(chǎn)的Geolas200M,該系統(tǒng)由德國Lambda Physik公司的Compex102Excime激光器(工作物質(zhì)ArF,波長193nm)與 MicroLas公司的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)組成。ICPMS為Agilient公司最新一代帶有Shield Torch的Agilient 7500a。鋯石原位Lu-Hf同位素測定采用Nu Plasma HR(Wrexham,UK)多接收電感耦合等離子質(zhì)譜儀完成(MC-ICP-MS)。激光剝蝕以氦氣作為剝蝕物質(zhì)的載氣,氬氣為補償氣,激光束直徑為44μm,頻率為10Hz,激光能量為90mJ,每個分析點的氣體背景采集時間為20~30s,信號采集時間為40s。
鋯石U-Pb年齡數(shù)據(jù)處理時以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋯石91500為外標(biāo)進行同位素比值分餾校正,標(biāo)樣GJ-1監(jiān)控91500數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量。鋯石微量元素含量采用NIST610作外標(biāo)、Si作內(nèi)標(biāo)。鋯石測定點的U-Pb同位素比值、表面年齡和U-Th-Pb含量計算采用GLITTER 4.0程序進行處理。普通Pb校正利用Andersen等[33]的方法,并采用Isoplot程序(ver.3.0)[34]進行加權(quán)平均年齡的計算及諧和圖的繪制。鋯石Lu-Hf同位素測定用176Lu/175Lu=0.026 69和176Yb/172Yb=0.588 6[35]進行同量異位干擾校正,計算測定樣品的176Lu/177Hf和176Hf/177Hf值。在樣品測定期間,對標(biāo)樣91500和GJ-1進行分析,以進行儀器狀態(tài)監(jiān)控和對樣品進行校正。εHf的計算采用的176Lu衰變常數(shù)為1.865×10-11a-1[36],球粒隕石現(xiàn)今的176Hf/177Hf=0.282 772,176Lu/177Hf=0.033 2[37],現(xiàn)今虧損地幔176Hf/177Hf=0.283 25,176Lu/177Hf=0.003 84[38],Hf虧損地幔二階段模式年齡(tDM2)的計算采用平均地殼176Lu/177Hf=0.015[39]。
白雀寺角閃石英二長巖(BQS01)中鋯石為淡黃色透明,顆粒普遍較大,粒徑一般為100~200μm,呈自形—半自形柱狀。鋯石陰極發(fā)光(CL)圖像(圖3A,B,C)顯示大部分顆粒內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,具有巖漿生長振蕩環(huán)帶。所有26個U-Pb數(shù)據(jù)都位于諧和線上或諧和線附近(圖4),并可分為2組年齡:23個諧和點的206Pb/238U加權(quán)平均年齡為(855±6)Ma(2σ,MSWD=2.1);剩余3個諧和點(BQS01-1、BQS01-12-1、BQS01-13-1)給出206Pb/238U 加權(quán)平均年齡為(917±14)Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.3)。
大安巖體的斜長花崗巖(DA03)中鋯石為淡黃色透明,粒徑一般為80~150μm,多數(shù)顆粒呈自形—半自形柱狀。鋯石陰極發(fā)光(CL)圖像(圖3)顯示顆粒內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,大部分具振蕩環(huán)帶(圖3E、G、H),常見變質(zhì)重結(jié)晶結(jié)構(gòu)(圖3F、H),少數(shù)顆粒具核-幔結(jié)構(gòu)(圖3I),個別具很薄的變質(zhì)邊(圖3G)。17個點分析中有12個分析點在諧和線上(圖4),分別給出了(854±10)Ma(n=3,2σ,MSWD=1.8)、(801±7)Ma(n=3,2σ,MSWD=0.41)、(702±10)Ma(n=3,2σ,MSWD=1.12)、(565±6)Ma(DA03-7)、(246±5)Ma(DA03-11)和(207±2)Ma(DA03-15)非常分散的年齡值;其余5個分析點(DA03-1、-3、-4、-10和-17)偏離諧和線但構(gòu)成不一致線,并給出(850±65)Ma和(164±140)Ma(MSWD=2.6)的上、下交點年齡。
對白雀寺角閃石英二長巖(BQS01)中26顆鋯石同時進行了微量元素分析,結(jié)果表明:鋯石的Th/U值較大且分布集中(圖5),第一組鋯石(855Ma)Th/U 值的變化范圍為0.30~0.62,平均值為0.45,第二組鋯石(917Ma)Th/U 值變化范圍與第一組鋯石相似(0.30~0.68),它們也具有相似的稀土配分模式(圖6),都表現(xiàn)為輕稀土虧損、重稀土富集的右傾型,并具明顯的正Ce異常(δCe=13.2~109.4)和負Eu異常(δEu=0.12~0.20)。
所分析的17顆大安斜長花崗巖(DA03)鋯石中,主體年齡為854Ma顆粒的Th/U值較大且分布集中(圖5),為0.78~0.92,其他年齡鋯石的Th/U值變化范圍大(0.28~1.44),并有隨年齡變新Th/U值變小的趨勢。這些鋯石均表現(xiàn)為輕稀土虧損、重稀土富集的右傾型,并具明顯的正Ce異常(δCe=1.77~229.8)。除 DA03-1和 DA03-15的負Eu異常特征不明顯外,其他顆粒具負Eu異常(δEu=0.20~0.55)(圖6)。
樣品BQS01中:年齡為855Ma顆粒的初始值(176Hf/177Hf)i為0.282 345~0.282 532,εHf(t)為3.8~10.4,一階段 Hf模式年齡(tDM1)和二階段 Hf模式年齡(tDM2)分別為1.00~1.27Ga(平均1.14 Ga)和1.09~1.51Ga(平均1.32Ga);年齡為917 Ma顆粒的初始值(176Hf/177Hf)i為0.282 256~0.282 427,εHf(t)也都為正值,為2.0~8.1,鋯石的tDM1為 1.14~1.40Ga(平 均 1.27Ga),tDM2為1.29~1.67Ga(平均1.48Ga)。
圖3 樣品BQS01(A,B,C)和DA03(D,E,F(xiàn),G,H,I)中代表性鋯石CL圖像Fig.3 Zircon CL images of BQS01(A,B,C)and DA03(D,E,F(xiàn),G,H,I)
圖4 白雀寺巖體BQS01及大安巖體DA03鋯石U-Pb年齡諧和圖Fig.4 Zircon U-Pb concordant diagram of Baiquesi(BQS01)and Daan pluton(DA03)
圖5 鋯石206Pb/238 U年齡-Th/U值相關(guān)圖Fig.5 Zircon 206Pb/238 U age-Th/U ratio diagram
鋯石中Hf同位素的組成很穩(wěn)定,即使在巖漿過程或者高級變質(zhì)作用中也不會被改造[41],因此,大安巖體中經(jīng)歷后期熱事件的鋯石(見后述)仍將保存其形成時的Hf同位素組成。大安巖體斜長花崗巖(DA03)中的鋯石的176Lu/177Hf值為0.000 314~0.006 306,176Hf/177Hf值為0.281 895~0.282 573,初始值(176Hf/177Hf)i為0.282 093~0.282 562,其εHf(854Ma)變化范圍大(-12.6~11.4)。tDM1和tDM2Hf模式年齡分別為0.95~1.90Ga和1.02~2.55Ga。
圖6 樣品BQS01和DA03鋯石稀土配分模式Fig.6 Zircon REE distribution patterns of BQS01and DA03
研究顯示:利用鋯石的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)、Th/U值,以及稀土元素配分模式,可以對鋯石的成因類型進行較有效的判斷[42-43]。本次研究中,白雀寺巖體樣品BQS01中鋯石具振蕩環(huán)帶結(jié)構(gòu),Th/U值較大且集中,具輕稀土虧損、重稀土富集、正Ce異常和負Eu異常明顯的左傾型稀土配分模式,指示該樣品2組年齡的鋯石均為巖漿成因,它們的年齡分別是(855±6)Ma和(917±14)Ma。大安巖體樣品DA03中獲得的鋯石年齡數(shù)據(jù)可分為6組(圖4),包括近諧和的(854±10)Ma(n=3,MSWD=1.8),以及諧和的(801±7)Ma(n=3,MSWD=0.41)、(702±10)Ma(n=3,MSWD=1.12)和(565±6)Ma(n=1),及近諧和的(246±5)Ma(n=1)和(207±2)Ma(n=1)。其中5個不諧和的點擬合的不一致線所給出的上交點年齡(850±65)Ma(MSWD=2.6),與第一組年齡一致。854Ma年齡鋯石打點位置多在振蕩環(huán)帶上或面狀分帶中心,并且輕稀土虧損、重稀土富集,正Ce異常和負Eu異常明顯(圖6),為巖漿成因,其年齡與鋯石(850±65)Ma的上交點年齡在誤差范圍內(nèi)一致,而且也與白雀寺巖體較年輕一組的年齡(855±6)Ma相當(dāng)。筆者解釋855Ma代表著研究區(qū)這2個巖體的侵位結(jié)晶年齡,其中白雀寺巖體中的(917±14)Ma可能代表所捕獲較早巖漿事件的年齡,而大安巖體中的5組年齡較年輕的鋯石形態(tài)復(fù)雜、Th/U值變化大,可能是巖體后期改造的結(jié)果。
葉霖等[23]獲得了該塊體東部碧口群中銅廠閃長巖體的鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb年齡((842±6.5)Ma)。同時Yan等[6]通過對碧口群中火山巖鋯石的研究,獲得了該群最大的SHRIMP年齡((846±19)Ma)。位于碧口塊體西部的松潘—甘孜造山帶中同樣也發(fā)育相似年齡的侵入巖體,如格宗巖體((864±8)Ma[44])。同時期的巖漿活動在揚子板塊西緣和北緣也有產(chǎn)出,西緣的有刀關(guān)山巖體和橋頭巖體,二者的年齡分別為(857±13)Ma[45]和(853±42)Ma[46],北緣的有漢南侵入雜巖中天平河巖體和西鄉(xiāng)群火山巖,它們的年齡分別為(863±10)Ma[47]和(845±17)Ma[48]。上述巖體的形成年齡在誤差范圍內(nèi)基本一致,這些年齡結(jié)果均表明860~850 Ma是碧口塊體及其周緣地區(qū)的一次重要的巖漿事件。
白雀寺巖體石英二長巖(BQS01)中還存在年齡為(917±14)Ma的巖漿結(jié)晶鋯石,這一年齡與前面所分析的巖體形成年齡(850~860Ma)相比稍微偏老,記錄著該區(qū)新元古代早期的一次巖漿事件。這樣年齡的結(jié)果在該塊體其他巖石中也有產(chǎn)出,如:位于該塊體西部的南一里花崗閃長巖以及白雀寺巖體圍巖碧口火山巖中的捕獲晶鋯石的年齡為896~954Ma(平均值為925Ma[6,19]);該塊體西邊的漢南地區(qū)西鄉(xiāng)群孫家河組火山巖中所捕獲巖漿鋯石的峰值年齡為925Ma[48];揚子西緣也有相似年齡的巖漿活動(921Ma[49-50])。它們可能反映碧口塊體中存在未被剝蝕的新元古代早期的巖漿活動記錄。
大安斜長花崗巖侵位結(jié)晶后,還可能經(jīng)歷了新元古代中期((801±7)Ma、(702±10)Ma),新元古代晚期((565±6)Ma),早中生代印支期((246±5)Ma、(207±2)Ma)等復(fù)雜事件的影響。
新元古代中期(約800Ma)的巖漿熱事件在碧口塊體及周緣很發(fā)育,如白雀寺巖體中存在(810.8±6.9)Ma的角閃石40Ar/39Ar坪年齡[51],其周邊圍巖碧口群中也存在(790±15)Ma[6]和(811±12)Ma[12]的火山噴發(fā)年齡。分隔碧口塊體與揚子板塊的龍門造山帶中也發(fā)育有(793±11)Ma的轎子頂巖體[52]。同時期的巖漿活動在揚子板塊的西緣也發(fā)育,如:Zhou等[44]通過對川西3個康定雜巖樣品的研究,確定其形成年齡分別為(797±10)Ma、(795±13)Ma和(796±14)Ma。揚子北緣漢中地區(qū)的侵入巖也有對該期熱事件的響應(yīng),如漢南侵入雜巖中城固斜長花崗巖也存在(796±20)Ma的黑云母40Ar/39Ar年齡[53]。因此,大安巖體中(801±7)Ma可能是對上述巖漿熱事件的響應(yīng)。
Li等[54]認為作為Rodinia超大陸一部分的揚子板塊于700Ma左右從超大陸裂解過程中分離出來。該裂解事件在碧口塊體也應(yīng)該有響應(yīng),如碧口群中(689±24)Ma侵位的基性巖墻群[6],碧口群北側(cè)的橫丹群中大量年齡為700Ma左右的碎屑鋯石[7]。此外,在南秦嶺造山帶東部有701~711Ma
的甘溝巖體[55]、色河巖體[56]和吐霧山巖體[57]的侵位。看來Rodinia超大陸裂解對該塊體及其中的花崗巖體(如大安巖體)存在影響。新元古代晚期的年齡在本區(qū)及周緣報道相對較少。在全球范圍內(nèi),600~550Ma是導(dǎo)致東、西岡瓦納拼合的泛非造山事件的主要活動時期[58-59]。在北秦嶺秦嶺巖群中確定了(520±23)Ma的晚泛非期構(gòu)造熱事件[60],同時在南秦嶺武當(dāng)群中的基性侵入巖中也存在(579±3)Ma的后期熱事件年齡[61]。大安巖體中(565±6)Ma的諧和年齡是否為這一事件晚期記錄,仍需進一步的驗證。
揚子板塊和秦嶺微陸塊及華北陸塊發(fā)生大規(guī)模碰撞的時代為晚二疊世—早三疊世[62-64],伴隨該過程引發(fā)了碧口塊體及勉略帶北側(cè)大量的220~200 Ma的后碰撞花崗巖[17-19,65]。同時大安巖體中存在(221.0±0.5)Ma的黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年齡[51]。樣品DA03中近諧和下交點的年齡((246±5)Ma和(207±2)Ma)可能為這一碰撞事件的年代學(xué)記錄。
鋯石具有極強的穩(wěn)定性,使其Hf同位素組成較少受到后期地質(zhì)事件的影響,并且其具有高的Hf同位素封閉溫度和低的Lu/Hf值,使其成為目前探討地殼演化和示蹤巖石源區(qū)的重要工具[66]。碧口塊體中白雀寺巖體和大安巖體鋯石的Hf同位素組成存在明顯的差異(圖7),可能反映二者源區(qū)物質(zhì)不同。
圖7 白雀寺巖體和大安巖體中鋯石Hf同位素特征Fig.7 Zircon Hf isotopic composition of Baiquesi and Daan plutons
前人對白雀寺巖體的Nd同位素開展過研究,其中6個樣品的εNd(855Ma)較為集中,分布范圍為2.5~4.3,平均值為3.5[51];本文獲得的該巖體中鋯石原位 Hf同位素組成(圖7)也為正值,εHf(855 Ma)為3.8~10.4,tDM1為1.00~1.27Ga,平均值為1.14Ga。這樣的Hf同位素組成反映的源區(qū)性質(zhì)有2種可能:1)主體來自中元古代的虧損地幔;2)主體來自中元古代的新生陸殼物質(zhì)。本次研究樣品BQS01為石英二長巖,屬花崗質(zhì)巖石,直接來自虧損地幔熔融的可能性很小。對揚子板塊西北緣大量新元古代花崗質(zhì)巖體鋯石Hf同位素的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在該區(qū)地殼中存在大量1.0~1.3Ga的新生陸殼[67-74],因此筆者認為該巖體的源區(qū)可能與中元古代的新生陸殼有關(guān)。而新元古代早期巖漿記錄(917 Ma)的εHf(t)為2.0~8.1,tDM1為1.14~1.40Ga,反映該源區(qū)最早可能形成于中元古代早期。
大安巖體中報道的Nd同位素研究較少,僅存在1個樣品的εNd(854Ma)值為2.7[51]。本次研究所獲得該巖體鋯石原位Hf同位素組成變化大(圖7),反映其來源比較復(fù)雜。該樣品鋯石的εHf(854 Ma)為-12.6~11.4,tDM2為1.02~2.55Ga。上述Hf同位素組成反映源區(qū)性質(zhì)存在2種可能性:1)主體來自中元古代虧損地幔物質(zhì)與晚太古代地殼物質(zhì)混合;2)主體來自中元古代新生陸殼物質(zhì)與晚太古代地殼物質(zhì)混合。如果考慮揚子西北緣及碧口塊體都存在1.0~1.3Ga的新生陸殼物質(zhì),那么大安巖體中正的εHf(t)值可能反映源區(qū)存在與白雀寺巖體相似的新生陸殼源區(qū),而非常低的Hf同位素比值則可能與其含非常古老的陸殼物質(zhì)有關(guān)。碧口塊體中最古老的巖石單元太古代魚洞子群位于該巖體北側(cè)且相距較近(約100km),該巖石單元中還產(chǎn)出約2.7Ga的魚洞子花崗巖侵入體[26],同時該巖石單元東側(cè)銅廠巖體中的斜長花崗巖εNd(842Ma)為-10.5~-5.5,其tDM2為2.0~2.4Ga[50],暗示該巖體源區(qū)存在早元古代或更老的地殼物質(zhì)。碧口塊體中還存在早元古代的年齡記錄,該塊體碧口群火山巖中存在1個2.4Ga左右的鋯石捕獲年齡[12],同時該群西邊的橫丹群中也存在2.0~2.5Ga(n=7)的碎屑鋯石年齡[7],看來碧口塊體存在新太古代的古老物質(zhì)是無疑的。
1)碧口塊體的白雀寺巖體和大安巖體的形成年齡分別為(855±6)Ma和(854±10)Ma,共同反映碧口塊體及周緣經(jīng)歷了860~850Ma一期重要的巖漿活動。
2)碧口塊體存在新元古代早期((917±14)Ma)的巖漿記錄,還可能經(jīng)歷了新元古代中期((801±7)Ma、(702±10)Ma),新元古代晚期((565±6)Ma),印支期((246±5)Ma、(207±2)Ma)等多期事件的改造。
3)白雀寺巖體和大安巖體的源區(qū)性質(zhì)存在明顯的差異,前者來源于中元古代的新生陸殼源區(qū),后者來源于中元古代新生陸殼與晚太古代地殼物質(zhì)的混合。
4)碧口塊體的大陸屬性可能最老追溯到新太古代(>2.5Ga),并存在新元古代早期—中元古代的增生改造。
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Zircon U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotope Characteristics of the Granitic Plutons in Bikou Terrane,Northwestern Yangtze Block,and Their Geological Significance
Ping Xianquan,Zheng Jianping,Xiong Qing,Zhang Zhihai,Xia Bing
FacultyofEarthSciences,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan430074,China
The Baiquesi and Daan granitic plutons on the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block have been investigated by zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis.Research results indicate that UPb ages of zircons in the Baiquesi pluton can be divided into two groups:(855±6)Ma(n=23)and(917±14)Ma(n=3).TheεHf(t)values of the former are 3.8-10.4,and the one-stage Hf isotope model age varies from 1.00to 1.27Ga;TheεHf(t)values of the latter are 2.0-8.1,and the one-stage Hf isotope model are 1.14-1.40Ga.However,the ages of the Daan pluton can be divided into six groups:(854±10)Ma(n=3),(801±7)Ma(n=3),(702±10)Ma(n=3),(565±6)Ma(n=1),(246±7)Ma(n=1)and(207±2)Ma(n=1).TheεHf(t)values of the Daan pluton are-12.6-11.4(t=854Ma),and the one-stage Hf isotope model ages and the two-stage Hf isotope model ages are 0.95-1.90Ga and 1.02-2.55Ga.The Baiquesi and Daan plutons were emplaced at(855±6)Ma and (854±10)Ma,respectively,which reflect a significant magmatic event in Bikou terrane,northwestern margin of Yangtze block,and the former was mainly derived from the Mesoproterozoic juvenile crustal source,while the latter was products of two end-member mixing magmas respectively sourced from the Mesoproterozoic juvenile crustal and the Neoarchean old crustal.In addition,the(917±14)Ma which is larger than the intruding age of the Baiquesi pluton represents the record of the Early Neoproterozoic magmatism.Ages which are smaller than the intruding age of Daan pluton probably record the subsequent modifications of other thermal events.
Bikou terrane;granitic plutons;zircon U-Pb age;Hf isotope;northwestern of Yangtze block;lithology
10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201404113
P588.1
A
平先權(quán),鄭建平,熊慶,等.揚子西北緣碧口塊體花崗質(zhì)巖體鋯石U-Pb年齡、Hf同位素特征及其地質(zhì)意義.吉林大學(xué)學(xué)報:地球科學(xué)版,2014,44(4):1200-1218.
10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201404113.
Ping Xianquan,Zheng Jianping,Xiong Qing,et al.Zircon U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotope Characteristics of the Granitic Plutons in Bikou Terrane,Northwestern Yangtze Block,and Their Geological Significance.Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2014,44(4):1200-1218.doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201404113.
2013-09-12
國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(91214204)
平先權(quán)(1986—,男,博士研究生,主要從事巖石學(xué)研究,E-mail:pxqzdx@163.com
鄭建平(1964—,男,教授,主要從事巖石學(xué)研究,E-mail:jpzheng@cug.edu.cn。