張晶
摘 要 利用基于原子力顯微鏡(AFM)的力譜技術(shù), 在正常生長的單個(gè)活細(xì)胞表面上, 實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)地研究了免疫毒素HeLa細(xì)胞表面硬度的影響。采用HertzSneddon模型計(jì)算所得力曲線相應(yīng)的楊氏模量。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,
1 引 言
不斷發(fā)展的納米技術(shù)使得科研工作者可以在納米級(jí)尺度上操縱生物分子和細(xì)胞,同時(shí)在pN(皮牛)級(jí)別上獲得各種分子間的相互作用力[1~3]。在這些納米技術(shù)中,原子力顯微鏡(AFM)是一項(xiàng)具有多種功能的技術(shù)手段。AFM可以在準(zhǔn)生理?xiàng)l件下對(duì)生物樣品進(jìn)行直接測(cè)量,不需要復(fù)雜的樣品處理過程,這使其迅速地被應(yīng)用于各種生物樣品的研究中[4~7]。
在過去的十多年中,研究者應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)分子生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的生化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了大量研究。但是,腫瘤細(xì)胞的機(jī)械硬度一直都被忽視,盡管腫瘤組織的入侵過程和腫瘤細(xì)胞的表面硬度有密切關(guān)系[8,9]。近年,細(xì)胞硬度作為腫瘤治療中的一項(xiàng)潛在的生物物理指標(biāo)受到越來越多的關(guān)注[10,11]。在單細(xì)胞水平上分析細(xì)胞的表面硬度對(duì)理解腫瘤組織對(duì)化療藥物的反應(yīng)和評(píng)價(jià)腫瘤的預(yù)后效果十分重要[12]。1992年,Tao等應(yīng)用AFM研究了被切片的生物組織的硬度[13]。Hoh等應(yīng)用AFM研究了活細(xì)胞的表面硬度[14]?;谶@些開創(chuàng)性的研究工作,越來越多的研究者致力于探測(cè)在各種不同生理?xiàng)l件下活細(xì)胞硬度的變化。Kloxin等通過改變基底成分分析了基底機(jī)械性能對(duì)心臟瓣膜間質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化成肌成纖維細(xì)胞的影響,對(duì)于組織再生工程合理地設(shè)計(jì)移植材料有著重要的意義[15]。Cross等用AFM測(cè)量了多種癌癥患者胸膜轉(zhuǎn)移癌細(xì)胞的硬度,發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移癌細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞硬度比良性細(xì)胞軟70%,為腫瘤的診斷和治療提供了依據(jù)[16]。
免疫毒素LHRHPE40是一種高特異性的針對(duì)大量表達(dá)LHRH受體(LHRHR)的癌細(xì)胞組織的抗癌藥物。LHRHPE40的作用機(jī)理是:導(dǎo)向部分配體LHRH通過其自身的特異性識(shí)別能力與目標(biāo)組織細(xì)胞表面的LHRHR結(jié)合,毒性部分PE40通過跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的方式進(jìn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi),發(fā)揮其藥效,殺死腫瘤細(xì)胞[17]。
本研究采用AFM技術(shù)實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)研究了LHRHPE40對(duì)HeLa細(xì)胞的硬度的影響,并且初步探索了引起HeLa細(xì)胞硬度發(fā)生變化的原因。
2 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分
2.1 儀器與試劑
4 結(jié) 論
本研究應(yīng)用AFM力譜技術(shù)考察了免疫毒素LHRHPE40對(duì)HeLa細(xì)胞的表面硬度的影響。結(jié)果表明,LHRHPE40會(huì)造成HeLa細(xì)胞在凋亡的過程中表面硬度逐步增加。熒光實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明, HeLa細(xì)胞硬度的增加與胞內(nèi)微絲骨架的重組聚集有關(guān)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果為從細(xì)胞表面硬度角度掌握LHRHPE40的藥用效果和作用機(jī)理提供了重要信息。但是,在LHRHPE40的作用過程中,細(xì)胞內(nèi)的各種生化組分發(fā)生了何種變化,仍需要借助其它如拉曼光譜等實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)的細(xì)胞成分分析功能進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究。
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Effect of Cancer Target Drug LHRHPE40 on Elasticity of HeLa Cells
ZHANG Jing1,2, ZHANG BaiLin*1, TANG JiLin*1
1 (State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China)
2(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract The quantitative analysis of biomechanical profiles at the singlecell level can provide additional information. It is usually not available in traditional cell biology approaches, but may be crucial to assess and understand tumor prognosis and response to chemotherapy. In this study, the online changes of cell elastic properties after the addition of cancer target drug LHRHPE40 were monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on living HeLa cell surface under physiological condition. The results from AFM based force spectroscopy showed that LHRHPE40 induced a distinct increase of the cell surface elasticity of HeLa cells. The fluorescence images implied that the target drug LHRHPE40 would affect the reorganization of cell actions, which led to the increase of the elasticity of HeLa cells.
Keywords Cell elasticity; Singlecell level; Force spectroscopy; Atomic force microscopy
(Received 29 November 2013; accepted 23 March 2014)
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20975096, 21075121, 21275140, 21375122) and the Major State Basic Research Development Program (No. 2011CB935800).
15 Kloxin A M, Benton J A, Anseth K S. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(1): 1-8
16 Cross S E, Jin Y S, Rao J, Gimzewski J K. Nat. Nanotechnol., 2007, 2(12): 780-783
17 Deng X, Klussmann S, Wu G M, Akkerman D, Zhu Y Q, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhu P, Yu B Z, Zhang G L. J. Drug Target., 2008, 16: 379-388
18 YE ZhiYi, ZHANG Li. Chinese Bull. Life Sci., 2010, 22(8): 817-822
葉志義, 張 麗. 生命科學(xué), 2010, 22(8): 817-822
19 Domke J, Radmacher M. Langmuir, 1998, 14(12): 3320-3325
Effect of Cancer Target Drug LHRHPE40 on Elasticity of HeLa Cells
ZHANG Jing1,2, ZHANG BaiLin*1, TANG JiLin*1
1 (State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China)
2(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract The quantitative analysis of biomechanical profiles at the singlecell level can provide additional information. It is usually not available in traditional cell biology approaches, but may be crucial to assess and understand tumor prognosis and response to chemotherapy. In this study, the online changes of cell elastic properties after the addition of cancer target drug LHRHPE40 were monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on living HeLa cell surface under physiological condition. The results from AFM based force spectroscopy showed that LHRHPE40 induced a distinct increase of the cell surface elasticity of HeLa cells. The fluorescence images implied that the target drug LHRHPE40 would affect the reorganization of cell actions, which led to the increase of the elasticity of HeLa cells.
Keywords Cell elasticity; Singlecell level; Force spectroscopy; Atomic force microscopy
(Received 29 November 2013; accepted 23 March 2014)
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20975096, 21075121, 21275140, 21375122) and the Major State Basic Research Development Program (No. 2011CB935800).
15 Kloxin A M, Benton J A, Anseth K S. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(1): 1-8
16 Cross S E, Jin Y S, Rao J, Gimzewski J K. Nat. Nanotechnol., 2007, 2(12): 780-783
17 Deng X, Klussmann S, Wu G M, Akkerman D, Zhu Y Q, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhu P, Yu B Z, Zhang G L. J. Drug Target., 2008, 16: 379-388
18 YE ZhiYi, ZHANG Li. Chinese Bull. Life Sci., 2010, 22(8): 817-822
葉志義, 張 麗. 生命科學(xué), 2010, 22(8): 817-822
19 Domke J, Radmacher M. Langmuir, 1998, 14(12): 3320-3325
Effect of Cancer Target Drug LHRHPE40 on Elasticity of HeLa Cells
ZHANG Jing1,2, ZHANG BaiLin*1, TANG JiLin*1
1 (State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China)
2(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract The quantitative analysis of biomechanical profiles at the singlecell level can provide additional information. It is usually not available in traditional cell biology approaches, but may be crucial to assess and understand tumor prognosis and response to chemotherapy. In this study, the online changes of cell elastic properties after the addition of cancer target drug LHRHPE40 were monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on living HeLa cell surface under physiological condition. The results from AFM based force spectroscopy showed that LHRHPE40 induced a distinct increase of the cell surface elasticity of HeLa cells. The fluorescence images implied that the target drug LHRHPE40 would affect the reorganization of cell actions, which led to the increase of the elasticity of HeLa cells.
Keywords Cell elasticity; Singlecell level; Force spectroscopy; Atomic force microscopy
(Received 29 November 2013; accepted 23 March 2014)
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20975096, 21075121, 21275140, 21375122) and the Major State Basic Research Development Program (No. 2011CB935800).