周邠瑋,袁 毅,畢 瑩,王 飛,段佳佳,劉新林,趙季紅
纈沙坦與氨氯地平聯(lián)合用藥治療原發(fā)性高血壓的療效
周邠瑋,袁 毅,畢 瑩,王 飛,段佳佳,劉新林,趙季紅
目的探討纈沙坦聯(lián)合氨氯地平不同用藥方式和服藥時(shí)間,治療原發(fā)性高血壓的療效。方法201例原發(fā)性高血壓患者(男92例,女109例),接受纈沙坦(80 mg/d)聯(lián)合氨氯地平(5 mg/d)治療,隨機(jī)分為四組,各組治療方案如下:A組兩種藥物均于清晨服用,B組兩種藥物均于睡前服用,C組纈沙坦清晨服用、氨氯地平睡前服用,D組氨氯地平清晨服用、纈沙坦睡前服用。監(jiān)測(cè)各組服藥前及服藥后12周的24 h動(dòng)態(tài)血壓值。結(jié)果服藥12周后,各組血壓指標(biāo)均較治療前下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。B組服藥后各血壓指標(biāo)下降幅度明顯低于其他三組,其中24 h SBP/DBP平均值分別為A組(123.0±13.2)mmHg/(73.1±6.7)mmHg、B組(113.6±11.0)mmHg/(67.1±8.3)mmHg、C組(124.4±13.7)mmHg/(73.6±9.0)mmHg、D組(119.8±13.0)mmHg/(70.6±7.2)mmHg,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論纈沙坦與氨氯地平睡前聯(lián)合服用,治療原發(fā)性高血壓的效果最佳。
纈沙坦;氨氯地平;原發(fā)性高血壓;聯(lián)合用藥
眾所周知,原發(fā)性高血壓可顯著增加腦卒中、心肌梗死、心力衰竭及腎臟疾病發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[1,2],且服用藥物有效控制血壓可顯著減少惡性事件的發(fā)生,提高生活質(zhì)量。單藥降壓治療抑制了某種升壓機(jī)制,必然會(huì)激活某種代償機(jī)制[3],使得降壓達(dá)標(biāo)率有限;聯(lián)合降壓治療采用不同降壓機(jī)制的藥物以合適的劑量進(jìn)行不同組合,有可能滿足臨床不同類型高血壓的治療需要,同時(shí)也是現(xiàn)階段提高降壓達(dá)標(biāo)率的重要途徑[4]。例如,血管緊張素受體拮抗藥(ARB)及鈣通道阻滯藥(CCB)已被證實(shí)是有效的單一降壓藥物。更多臨床研究證實(shí),ARB聯(lián)合CCB降壓治療可發(fā)揮互補(bǔ)作用,較單一藥物能更有效、更安全地控制血壓[1,2],可使外周水腫的發(fā)生率較單一使用氨氯地平顯著降低[5,6],有效提高患者的藥物耐受性及依從性[7]。本研究旨在探討ARB/CCB聯(lián)合用藥治療原發(fā)性高血壓對(duì)不同時(shí)間給藥的降壓效果。
1.1 對(duì)象 收集2013-08至2013-11我院確診的原發(fā)性高血壓患者201例,未經(jīng)治療且無(wú)并發(fā)癥,男92例,女109例,年齡≥18歲,晝夜活動(dòng)及睡眠習(xí)慣相對(duì)規(guī)律,服藥前完成24 h動(dòng)態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測(cè)。隨機(jī)分為四組,四組患者性別、年齡、身高、體重、BMI等一般情況比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(表1)。
項(xiàng)目清晨服藥(A)組(n=51)睡前服藥(B)組(n=50)C組(n=48)D組(n=52)男性(%)46.050.136.846.1年齡(歲)54.0±12.359.7±9.354.0±12.459.2±12.5身高(cm)161.8±8.3161.6±9.7162.1±7.6158.2±7.5服藥前相關(guān)指標(biāo) 體重(kg)65.4±11.864.1±12.563.4±11.162.4±14.7 BMI(kg/m2)24.9±3.624.5±3.624.1±3.924.9±4.8 SBP(mmHg)162.9±18.7161.0±12.3163.5±20.0161.1±20.6 DBP(mmHg)95.4±10.392.3±10.591.2±11.991.6±11.9 PP(mmHg)67.5±14.268.7±8.972.3±17.069.5±16.1
注:C組為清晨服纈沙坦,睡前服氨氯地平;D組為清晨服氨氯地平,睡前服纈沙坦
1.2 研究方法 全部患者均接受纈沙坦(80 mg/d)聯(lián)合氨氯地平(5 mg/d)治療,各組治療方案如下:A組兩種藥物均于清晨服用,B組兩種藥物均于睡前服用,C組纈沙坦清晨服用、氨氯地平睡前服用,D組氨氯地平清晨服用、纈沙坦睡前服用。分別于用藥后第4周、第8周、第12周門診隨訪,并統(tǒng)計(jì)各組服藥前及服藥后12周的體重指數(shù)(BMI)、24 h動(dòng)態(tài)血壓的平均值、晨起空腹SBP/DBP值、脈壓(PP)、白晝SBP及DBP的平均值、夜間SBP及DBP的平均值、晝夜SBP及DBP下降幅度等指標(biāo)。
服藥12周后,各組血壓指標(biāo)均較治療前下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。B組服藥后各血壓指標(biāo)明顯低于其他3組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01,表2)。
名稱清晨服藥(A)組(n=51)睡前服藥(B)組(n=50)C組(n=48)D組(n=52)白晝SBP平均值(mmHg) 服藥前144.6±15.0143.7±12.2143.2±15.0142.6±14.7 服藥后126.3±14.5121.1±12.1127.9±14.0124.6±14.1夜間SBP平均值(mmHg) 服藥前131.1±12.6131.1±12.7131.1±17.8131.6±14.1 服藥后116.7±11.9103.0±10.7116.5±14.3113.1±12.924hSBP平均值(mmHg) 服藥前140.3±13.5138.4±9.2139.5±14.9138.0±13.6 服藥后123.0±13.2113.6±11.0124.4±13.7119.8±13.0夜間SBP下降幅度(%) 服藥前9.3±7.08.8±10.28.4±8.07.7±6.3 服藥后8.1±4.814.3±7.98.9±4.99.0±6.5白晝DBP平均值(mmHg) 服藥前90.2±10.685.4±12.586.5±11.585.9±12.1 服藥后75.7±7.672.7±9.476.7±9.673.1±7.9夜間DBP平均值(mmHg) 服藥前77.3±8.076.0±7.675.8±11.175.9±9.3 服藥后67.1±6.961.3±6.966.6±8.464.8±5.924hDBP平均值(mmHg) 服藥前86.5±9.380.6±10.383.2±10.882.9±11.0 服藥后73.1±6.767.1±8.373.6±9.070.6±7.2夜間DBP下降幅度(%) 服藥前13.9±8.711.0±9.212.0±9.011.2±6.6 服藥后11.7±7.716.2±8.213.0±5.911.0±6.9
注:C組為清晨服纈沙坦,睡前服氨氯地平;D組為清晨服氨氯地平,睡前服纈沙坦
臨床研究表明,約2/3的高血壓患者需要聯(lián)合治療才能達(dá)標(biāo)[8]。大量研究證實(shí),纈沙坦聯(lián)合氨氯地平治療原發(fā)性高血壓的效果顯著強(qiáng)于纈沙坦及氨氯地平單一用藥的方案[9-12]。本研究通過(guò)動(dòng)態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測(cè),比較了纈沙坦聯(lián)合氨氯地平不同用藥方式和服藥時(shí)間,對(duì)治療原發(fā)性高血壓的療效。結(jié)果表明,兩藥于睡前聯(lián)合使用治療原發(fā)性高血壓的療效,較其他方案的療效顯著提高,且在隨訪過(guò)程中未出現(xiàn)低血壓等不良事件。說(shuō)明聯(lián)合用藥的降壓效果不取決于各自單一用藥方案的降壓療效,而與聯(lián)合使用藥物的方式及服藥時(shí)間有關(guān)。相關(guān)研究表明,人體自身存在晝夜節(jié)律變化的特點(diǎn),如胃腸道的蠕動(dòng)、肝酶的活性、腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率等[13,14],均可以引起降壓藥物在體內(nèi)藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)的變化,或許與睡前服用復(fù)方制劑降壓效果最佳有關(guān)。
據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[15,16]報(bào)道,夜間血壓控制欠佳可增加靶器官及心血管事件的發(fā)生,這意味著夜間血壓的平均值較白晝血壓平均值及24 h血壓平均值能更有效地預(yù)測(cè)心血管事件的病死率。文獻(xiàn)[17,18]表明,脈壓升高可增加動(dòng)脈的僵硬度,而動(dòng)脈僵硬度是預(yù)測(cè)心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心源性猝死等心血管疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子。本研究表明,四個(gè)治療組降壓效果的差異性主要體現(xiàn)在夜間收縮壓及舒張壓平均值,其中B組降壓差值顯著高于其他三組。另外,睡前服用纈沙坦聯(lián)合氨氯地平可有效控制脈壓。因此,推測(cè)該治療方案可有效降低心血管事件的病死率,改善生活質(zhì)量,從而有效提高生存率。
綜上所述,纈沙坦與氨氯地平睡前聯(lián)合服用治療原發(fā)性高血壓,可提高患者依從性,有效降低夜間收縮壓及舒張壓的平均值,更大幅度地降低脈壓,療效較好,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。有關(guān)睡前聯(lián)合用藥的機(jī)制,仍需進(jìn)一步探討研究。
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(2014-03-09收稿 2014-05-03修回)
(責(zé)任編輯 尤偉杰)
Clinicaleffectofvalsartan/amlodipinecombinationtherapyintreatmentofessentialhypertension
ZHOU Binwei,YUAN Yi,BI Ying,WANG Fei,DUAN Jiajia,LIU Xinlin,and ZHAO Jihong.
Department of Cardiology,Affiliated Hospital,Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces,Tianjin 300162,China
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of valsartan / amlodipine combination and different time of taking medicine in treatment of essential hypertension.Methods201 essential hypertensive subjects (92 men/109 women), were recruited randomized to receive valsartan(80 mg/day) and amlodipine (5 mg/day) in one of the following four therapeutic schemes: both medications on awakening, both at bedtime, either one administered on awakening and the other at bedtime. BP was measured by ambulatory monitoring for 24 consecutive hours before and after 12 wks of treatment.ResultsBP-lowering efficacy (quantified in terms of reduction of the 24-h mean of systolic/diastolic BP) was highest when both antihypertensive medicines were ingested at bedtime, as compared with any one of the three other tested therapeutic schemes[A(123.0±13.2)mmHg/(73.1±6.7)mmHg、B(113.6±11.0)mmHg/(67.1±8.3)mmHg、C(124.4±13.7)mmHg/(73.6±9.0)mmHg、D(119.8±13.0)mmHg/(70.6±7.2)mmHg,P<0.01].ConclusionsThe greater proportion of controlled patients, improved efficacy on lowering asleep BP mean, and increased sleep-time relative BP decline suggest that valsartan/amlodipine combination therapy should be preferably administered at bedtime.
valsartan ;amlodipine;essential hypertension;combination therapy
周邠瑋,碩士,醫(yī)師,E-mail:christian83@163.com
300162天津,武警后勤學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院心臟醫(yī)院
趙季紅,E-mail:zjhwj@126.com
R972.4