郭桂喜+李娟娟+劉傳梅+徐建祥+閆曉蕓+李慧+張磊+董硯虎
[摘要] 目的 探討GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑對(duì)2型糖尿?。═2DM)患者短期與長(zhǎng)期代謝控制的影響。方法 選取2010~2013年于青島市內(nèi)分泌糖尿病醫(yī)院應(yīng)用艾塞那肽治療的120例T2DM患者,根據(jù)使用時(shí)間分兩組:使用時(shí)間≤24周(A組,n=58),使用時(shí)間>24周(B組,n=62)。分別記錄治療前后體重、WC、HC、FBG、P2hBG、HbA1C、TG、TC、LDL、HDL、SBP、DBP,并計(jì)算BMI、WSR、WHR,均行骨密度檢查,測(cè)定全身脂肪含量。結(jié)果 A、B兩組體重、BMI、全身脂肪含量均較治療前下降,但組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);A、B兩組WC、WSR、FBG、P2hBG、HbA1C、SBP、DBP均較治療前下降,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組TG、TC、LDL、HDL較治療前后及組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組胃腸道不良反應(yīng)及低血糖發(fā)生率組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑治療2型糖尿病臨床療效較好,不增加胃腸道及低血糖反應(yīng)發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),使體脂重新分布,改善腹型肥胖及胰島素抵抗。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 2型糖尿??;艾塞那肽;體脂分布
[中圖分類號(hào)] R587.1???[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A???[文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2014)09-25-03
Investigate the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between the short-term and long-term metabolic control
GUO?Guixi1??LI?Juanjuan1??LIU?Chuanmei1??XU?Jianxiang1??YAN?Xiaoyun1??LI?Hui1ZHANG?Lei2??DONG?Yanhu2
1.Clinical Medicine of Weifang Medical College, Weifang 261042, China; 2.Qingdao Endocrinology Diabetes Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China
[Abstract] Objective To Investigate the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between the short-term and long-term metabolic control. Methods 120 patients with T2DM treated with Exenatide in Qingdao Endocrinology Diabetes Hospital from 2010 to 2013 were divided into two groups due to the term of drug use. Patients in group A (n=58) applied Exenatide not less than 24 weeks, while those in goup B (n=62) more than 24 weeks. Indicates included body weight (before and after the treatment), WC, HC, FBG, P2Hbg, HbA1C, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, SBP, DBP, BMI, WSR, WHR, BMD, and body fat content. Results The body weight, BMI and the body fat content in two groups were both decreased than that before treatment, which had no significant difference in the comparison between groups (P>0.05); WC, WSR, FBG, P2hBG, HbA1C, SBP, DBP in two groups were both decreased than that before treatment, which had statistically significant difference in the comparison between the two groups (P<0.05).TG, TC, LDL, HDL in two groups had no statistically different neither before nor after treatment (P>0.05). Neither the gastrointestinal adverse reaction nor the rate of hypoglycemia in the two groups had no statistically different in the comparison between groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The better clinical effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists for T2DM lies in long-term application, which can also decrease the risk of the gastrointestinal reactions and hypoglycemia, redistribute the body fat and improve abdominal obesity and insulin resistance.
[Key words] Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Exenatide; Body fat distribution
艾塞那肽是一種胰高糖素樣肽-1(GLP-1)類似物,通過(guò)激動(dòng)GLP-1受體,刺激葡萄糖依賴的胰島素分泌[1-2],在臨床中已大量應(yīng)用,主要作用是控制血糖、減輕體重、改善胰島素抵抗。然而,艾塞那肽使用時(shí)間尚無(wú)定論,目前尚未有研究探討短期與長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用是否對(duì)重要代謝指標(biāo)產(chǎn)生不同的影響,本研究通過(guò)對(duì)120例T2DM病例的分析,探討GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑短期與長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用對(duì)重要代謝指標(biāo)控制的影響,指導(dǎo)GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑臨床應(yīng)用時(shí)間,以期達(dá)最佳治療效果。
表1??兩組一般情況及治療前后各項(xiàng)代謝指標(biāo)的比較
組別 n W(kg) WC(cm) WSR(cm) BMI (kg/m2)
A組 治療前 58 72.92±7.79 85.8±7.16 0.51±0.27 25.55±1.36
治療后 58 69.60±7.44 82.2±6.86 0.49±0.28 24.41±1.46
B組 治療前 62 72.78±7.51 85.4±7.40 0.50±0.03 25.27±1.22
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治療后 62 68.90±6.54 78.30±5.65 0.41±0.22 23.94±1.10
t 0.223 2.525 2.380 0.825
P 0.826 0.022 0.029 0.420
組別 FBG(mmol/L) 2hPG(mmol/L) HbA1C(%) SBP(mm Hg) DBP(mm Hg)
A組 治療前 7.29±0.79 10.82±1.21 8.24±0.74 128.50±9.44 84.00±7.75
治療后 6.47±0.59 9.89±1.25 7.57±0.64 123.60±8.73 79.00±6.58
B組 治療前 7.40±0.74 10.91±1.14 8.25±0.72 130.00±9.13 85.00±6.24
治療后 5.87±0.51 8.21±1.45 6.49±0.75 121.50±7.44 75.50±6.25
t 2.874 2.603 2.577 2.610 2.348
P 0.010 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.031
組別 TG(mmol/L) TC(mmol/L) HDL(mmol/L) LDL(mmol/L) 全身脂肪含量(%)
A組 治療前 1.88±0.40 4.74±0.95 1.22±0.20 2.66±0.59 28.42±2.66
治療后 1.83±0.35 4.71±0.94 1.20±0.21 2.62±0.56 26.82±2.58
B組 治療前 1.89±0.37 4.79±0.92 1.22±0.21 2.65±0.61 28.42±2.67
治療后 1.85±0.33 4.76±0.91 1.19±0.22 2.63±0.62 26.54±2.36
t 0.144 0.354 0.062 0.417 0.251
P 0.887 0.728 0.952 0.681 0.804
注:t值與P值為A、B兩組治療后結(jié)果比較
1?資料與方法
1.1?一般資料
選取2010~2013年于青島內(nèi)分泌糖尿病醫(yī)院應(yīng)用艾塞那肽(Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions LLC,H20090381/H20090382)治療的T2DM患者120例(男65例,女55例),平均年齡(48.75±6.79)歲。根據(jù)艾塞那肽使用時(shí)間分為兩組:短期治療組A組 (使用時(shí)間≤24周,n=58),長(zhǎng)期治療組B組 (使用時(shí)間>24周,n=62)。兩組性別、血糖、血壓、病程等差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2?治療方法
兩組均予以艾塞那肽治療,起始劑量5μg,每日2次,在早餐和晚餐前30min內(nèi)皮下注射,根據(jù)臨床應(yīng)答,在治療1個(gè)月后劑量為10μg,每日2次。
1.3?觀察指標(biāo)
觀察兩組治療后體重、WC、HC、FBG、P2hBG、HbA1C、TG、TC、LDL、HDL、SBP、DBP、全身脂肪含量的變化,同時(shí)比較兩組胃腸道不良反應(yīng)及低血糖發(fā)生率。
1.4?統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料采用()表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),率比較采用x2檢驗(yàn),顯著性水準(zhǔn)α設(shè)置為0.05。
2?結(jié)果
2.1?臨床療效
兩組體重、BMI、全身脂肪含量均較治療前下降,但組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組WC、WSR、FBG、P2hBG、HbA1C、SBP、DBP均較治療前下降,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組TG、TC、LDL、HDL較治療前后及組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。
2.2?不良反應(yīng)
兩組胃腸道不良反應(yīng)及低血糖發(fā)生率組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2。
表2??兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較[n(%)]
組別 n 胃腸道不良反應(yīng) 低血糖發(fā)生率
A組 58 15(25.86) 2(3.45)
B組 62 18(29.03) 3(4.83)
x2 0.151 0.145
P 0.698 0.703
3?討論
有相關(guān)報(bào)道顯示,中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界肥胖人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家之一,而肥胖是導(dǎo)致T2DM的危險(xiǎn)因素[3-4]。亦有研究[5]表明,肥胖患者存在高胰島素血癥及胰島素敏感性的下降, 認(rèn)為腹內(nèi)脂肪增加是胰島素抵抗的主要原因。因此,減輕體重、改善胰島素抵抗為治療2型糖尿病的重要作用靶點(diǎn)。艾塞那肽是一種39個(gè)氨基酸組成的胰高糖素樣肽類似物,通過(guò)葡萄糖依賴性的促胰島素釋放和抑制胰高糖素釋放而調(diào)節(jié)血糖,并具有延緩胃排空、抑制食欲、減輕體重、改善胰島素抵抗以及保護(hù)胰島細(xì)胞功能等作用[6-7]。
本研究顯示,長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用艾塞那肽可以更有效的控制血糖及糖化血紅蛋白達(dá)標(biāo),且不增加胃腸道反應(yīng)及低血糖發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),無(wú)嚴(yán)重不良事件發(fā)生。艾塞那肽亦具有減輕體重的作用,但隨著用藥時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),體重、BMI及全身脂肪含量未得到進(jìn)一步改善,本研究有一定的局限性,其是否可以持續(xù)性的減輕體重的作用有待觀察[8]。但本研究可見(jiàn)腰圍明顯下降,結(jié)果示長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用艾塞那肽雖不能進(jìn)一步減輕體重,但可以明顯的減輕腰圍,使體脂得到重新分布,改善腹型肥胖及胰島素抵抗[9-10]。
艾塞那肽具有改善T2DM患者血壓的作用,與其通過(guò)抑制腎臟對(duì)Na+的重吸收或抑制腎臟血管緊張素誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)激酶的磷酸化,從而促進(jìn)腎鈉排泄與利尿,同時(shí)通過(guò)對(duì)血管內(nèi)皮的直接作用,增強(qiáng)NO依賴的血管擴(kuò)張有關(guān)[11-12]。本研究表明,兩組治療后SBP及DBP均有一定程度下降[13],且與藥物使用時(shí)間成正比。但本研究中未見(jiàn)血脂改善,與其他臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果不一致[14],可能與研究樣本量較少,且用藥前血脂水平大致在正常水平有關(guān)。
本研究觀察例數(shù)較少,有一定的局限性,長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用艾塞那肽的療效有待進(jìn)一步研究。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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[2] Giugliano D,Standl E,Vilsboll T,et al.Is the current therapeutic armanmentarium in diabetes enough to control the epidemic and its consequences? What are the current shortcomings?[J].Acta Diabetol,2009,46(3):173-181.
[3] 賈偉平, 項(xiàng)坤三, 陸俊茜,等.中國(guó)人糖耐量異常與胰島素抵抗和胰島素分泌[J].中國(guó)糖尿病雜志,2000,18:67-71.
[4] 畢婉蓉,季靜.2型糖尿病老年女性與肥胖、糖脂代謝關(guān)系[J].實(shí)用糖尿病雜志,2007(1):25-27.
[5] 項(xiàng)坤三,賈偉平,陸俊茜,等.中國(guó)上海地區(qū)40歲以上成人中肥胖與代謝綜合征的關(guān)系[J].中華內(nèi)科雜志, 2000,39(4):224-228.
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[6] Yoder SM,Yang Q,Kindel TL,et al.Differential responses of the incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 to increasing doses of dietary carbohydrate but not dietary protein in lean rats[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Lixer Physiol,2010,299(13):476-485.
[7] Gautier JF,F(xiàn)etita S,Sobngwi E,et al.Biological actions of the incretins GIP and GLP-1and therapeutic perspectives in patients with type 2diabetes[J].Diabetes Matab,2005,31(3pt1):233.
[8] Gao Y,Yoon KH,Chuang LM,et al.Efficacy and safety of exenatide inpatients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin ormetformin and a sulphonylurea[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract,2009,83(5):69-76.
[9] 施廣德,張曉蘭,黃文龍.艾塞那肽對(duì)2型糖尿病患者的療效觀察[J].中國(guó)糖尿病雜志,2011(10):770-772.
[10] 付鴻玉,劉冰梅,劉立波.艾塞那肽治療2型糖尿病20例臨床觀察[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)療前沿,2011(18):32,45.
[11] Buse JB,Rosenstock J,Sesti G,et al.Liralutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes:a 26-week randomized,parallel-group,multinational,open-label trial(LEAD-6)[J].Lancet,2009,374(9683):39-47.
[12] Erdogdu O,Nathanson D,Sjoholm A,et al.Exendin-4 stimulates proliferation of human coronary artery endothelial cells through eNOS-,PKA-and P13K/Akt-dependent pathways and requires GLP-1 receptor[J].Mol Cell Endocrionl.2010,325(1/2):26-35.
[13] Drucker DJ,Buse JB,Taylor K,et al.Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized,open-label,non-inferiority study[J].Lancet,2008 372(9645):1240-250.
[14] 蔡玉立,文重遠(yuǎn),黃兵.艾塞那肽治療2型糖尿病對(duì)患者血脂影響的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)[J].醫(yī)學(xué)研究雜志,2012,41(10):116-120.
(收稿日期:2014-03-03)
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[6] Yoder SM,Yang Q,Kindel TL,et al.Differential responses of the incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 to increasing doses of dietary carbohydrate but not dietary protein in lean rats[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Lixer Physiol,2010,299(13):476-485.
[7] Gautier JF,F(xiàn)etita S,Sobngwi E,et al.Biological actions of the incretins GIP and GLP-1and therapeutic perspectives in patients with type 2diabetes[J].Diabetes Matab,2005,31(3pt1):233.
[8] Gao Y,Yoon KH,Chuang LM,et al.Efficacy and safety of exenatide inpatients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin ormetformin and a sulphonylurea[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract,2009,83(5):69-76.
[9] 施廣德,張曉蘭,黃文龍.艾塞那肽對(duì)2型糖尿病患者的療效觀察[J].中國(guó)糖尿病雜志,2011(10):770-772.
[10] 付鴻玉,劉冰梅,劉立波.艾塞那肽治療2型糖尿病20例臨床觀察[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)療前沿,2011(18):32,45.
[11] Buse JB,Rosenstock J,Sesti G,et al.Liralutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes:a 26-week randomized,parallel-group,multinational,open-label trial(LEAD-6)[J].Lancet,2009,374(9683):39-47.
[12] Erdogdu O,Nathanson D,Sjoholm A,et al.Exendin-4 stimulates proliferation of human coronary artery endothelial cells through eNOS-,PKA-and P13K/Akt-dependent pathways and requires GLP-1 receptor[J].Mol Cell Endocrionl.2010,325(1/2):26-35.
[13] Drucker DJ,Buse JB,Taylor K,et al.Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized,open-label,non-inferiority study[J].Lancet,2008 372(9645):1240-250.
[14] 蔡玉立,文重遠(yuǎn),黃兵.艾塞那肽治療2型糖尿病對(duì)患者血脂影響的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)[J].醫(yī)學(xué)研究雜志,2012,41(10):116-120.
(收稿日期:2014-03-03)
endprint
[6] Yoder SM,Yang Q,Kindel TL,et al.Differential responses of the incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 to increasing doses of dietary carbohydrate but not dietary protein in lean rats[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Lixer Physiol,2010,299(13):476-485.
[7] Gautier JF,F(xiàn)etita S,Sobngwi E,et al.Biological actions of the incretins GIP and GLP-1and therapeutic perspectives in patients with type 2diabetes[J].Diabetes Matab,2005,31(3pt1):233.
[8] Gao Y,Yoon KH,Chuang LM,et al.Efficacy and safety of exenatide inpatients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin ormetformin and a sulphonylurea[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract,2009,83(5):69-76.
[9] 施廣德,張曉蘭,黃文龍.艾塞那肽對(duì)2型糖尿病患者的療效觀察[J].中國(guó)糖尿病雜志,2011(10):770-772.
[10] 付鴻玉,劉冰梅,劉立波.艾塞那肽治療2型糖尿病20例臨床觀察[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)療前沿,2011(18):32,45.
[11] Buse JB,Rosenstock J,Sesti G,et al.Liralutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes:a 26-week randomized,parallel-group,multinational,open-label trial(LEAD-6)[J].Lancet,2009,374(9683):39-47.
[12] Erdogdu O,Nathanson D,Sjoholm A,et al.Exendin-4 stimulates proliferation of human coronary artery endothelial cells through eNOS-,PKA-and P13K/Akt-dependent pathways and requires GLP-1 receptor[J].Mol Cell Endocrionl.2010,325(1/2):26-35.
[13] Drucker DJ,Buse JB,Taylor K,et al.Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized,open-label,non-inferiority study[J].Lancet,2008 372(9645):1240-250.
[14] 蔡玉立,文重遠(yuǎn),黃兵.艾塞那肽治療2型糖尿病對(duì)患者血脂影響的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)[J].醫(yī)學(xué)研究雜志,2012,41(10):116-120.
(收稿日期:2014-03-03)
endprint