Lawnmower parents 割草機(jī)父母

The lawnmower parent comes as well-intentioned parents increasingly tring to clean the problems from their childrens lives.

Instead of hovering over their children closely monitoring them as helicopter parents are said to， lawnmower parents get out in front of their children to try and clear the way for them. They try to remove obstacles that children might need to face.

Constant monitoring， overscheduling and protecting children from their own problems can come at a cost. Overprotection may be contributing to the rising number of children who have anxiety disorders.

越來(lái)越多心懷好意的父母試圖掃清孩子生活中的一切障礙，于是“割草機(jī)父母”就出現(xiàn)了。

“割草機(jī)父母”不像“直升機(jī)父母”那樣整天盤(pán)旋在孩子頭頂密切關(guān)注他們的一舉一動(dòng)，而是隨時(shí)趕在孩子前面，幫助他們掃清道路上的障礙。他們想要掃清孩子可能會(huì)面臨的所有障礙。

持續(xù)監(jiān)控、為孩子制訂過(guò)多計(jì)劃、不讓孩子自己面對(duì)問(wèn)題，這些做法最后都可能導(dǎo)致不良后果。過(guò)度保護(hù)可能是導(dǎo)致越來(lái)越多孩子有焦慮癥的原因之一。

Peer pressure 同伴壓力

Peer pressure can happen when we are influenced to do something we usually would not do， or we are stopped from doing something we would like to do. This may be because we want to be accepted by our peers.

A peer can be anyone you look up to or someone who you would think is an equal in age or ability. A peer could be a friend， someone in the community or even someone on TV. You may experience peer pressure as you live up to either the individuals or groups expectations， or follow a particular fashion or trend.

我們受同輩影響做一些我們平時(shí)不會(huì)做的事情，或者因?yàn)橥槎辉僮鑫覀冊(cè)鞠矚g做的事情，這就是“同伴壓力”。我們之所以會(huì)受影響是因?yàn)槲覀兿胍玫酵榈恼J(rèn)可和接受。

影響我們的同伴可能是你仰慕的一個(gè)人，也可能是跟你同齡或?qū)嵙ο喈?dāng)?shù)哪硞€(gè)人?？梢允悄愕呐笥眩部梢允峭簧鐓^(qū)的一個(gè)人，或者是電視上的什么人。當(dāng)你為了達(dá)到某人或者某個(gè)群體的期許，而追逐某種時(shí)尚風(fēng)潮時(shí)，你可能就在經(jīng)受“同伴壓力”。

Idle car owners 捧車(chē)族

Idle car owners are the car owners who rarely get behind the wheel of their cars because of rising petrol， insurance and registration costs. Their cars park in parking lots or on streets most of the time， only being used at weekends or during holidays and vacations.

Having a car is convenient for commuting or taking trips. But nowadays， some private car owners are leaving their cars in the garage， driving as little as possible. Surveys show that ten percent of private car owners in Beijing have become “idle car owners”.

Many factors， like traffic， economic status， and parking fees， have restricted peoples driving. The deterioration of these conditions has resulted in rising driving costs. Improved public transportation is another factor leading people to drive less.

所謂“捧車(chē)族”就是那些因?yàn)橛唾M(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)、登記費(fèi)用上漲而極少開(kāi)車(chē)的有車(chē)族。他們大多數(shù)時(shí)間把車(chē)停在停車(chē)場(chǎng)和街道上，只有在周末或者節(jié)假日才開(kāi)車(chē)出行。

擁有車(chē)確實(shí)便于上下班及休閑出行。但是如今，一些私家車(chē)車(chē)主把他們的車(chē)留在車(chē)庫(kù)里，盡量少開(kāi)車(chē)。調(diào)查顯示，北京10%的私家車(chē)車(chē)主成為“捧車(chē)族”。

交通、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、停車(chē)費(fèi)用等很多因素限制了人們開(kāi)車(chē)。這些條件的惡化導(dǎo)致開(kāi)車(chē)成本上漲。公共交通改善也是人們少開(kāi)車(chē)的另一個(gè)原因。

Data shadow 數(shù)據(jù)影子

A data shadow refers to the sum of all the small traces of information that an individual leaves behind through everyday activities. A data shadow is a minute pieces of data created when someone emails， updates social media profiles， swipes a credit card， uses an ATM， and so on. The concept of a data shadow has become a serious concern because it is difficult to control who is looking at a persons data shadow， what conclusions they are drawing and what actions they are taking based on those conclusions.

This can happen when an employer， for example， fires an employee based on his or her Facebook friends or photos. Data privacy laws exist and more are being created to prevent abuse of a persons data shadow. Unfortunately， privacy legislation generally lags behind companies ability to collect， compile and analyze data.

一個(gè)人日常活動(dòng)留下的各種信息痕跡的總和就是“數(shù)據(jù)影子”。發(fā)送電郵、更新社交網(wǎng)站檔案、刷信用卡、使用自動(dòng)取款機(jī)等行為產(chǎn)生的點(diǎn)滴數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)成一個(gè)人的“數(shù)據(jù)影子”。這個(gè)概念開(kāi)始引起關(guān)注是因?yàn)楹茈y控制哪些人在查看個(gè)人的“數(shù)據(jù)影子”，他們會(huì)從中得出什么結(jié)論，以及他們會(huì)在此結(jié)論基礎(chǔ)上采取何種行動(dòng)。

比如，某個(gè)老板可能以某個(gè)員工在社交網(wǎng)站上的朋友或照片為由將其開(kāi)除。我們已有一些關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)隱私的法律，并且為了防止個(gè)人“數(shù)據(jù)影子”被濫用，還有更多法律正在制定當(dāng)中。不幸的是，有關(guān)隱私保護(hù)的立法速度總是趕不上某些公司收集、整編和分析數(shù)據(jù)的步伐。