鐘守軍等
[摘要] 目的 探討血管內(nèi)皮生長因子C(VEGF-C)表達(dá)和D2-40標(biāo)記的微淋巴管密度(MLVD)與宮頸癌淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系。方法 應(yīng)用全自動(dòng)多功能組織病理檢測系統(tǒng)檢測80例宮頸癌組織中VEGF-C及D2-40表達(dá),對(duì)D2-40陽性脈管進(jìn)行MLVD計(jì)數(shù)。結(jié)果 宮頸癌組織中VEGF-C表達(dá)明顯增高(49/80),而正常宮頸黏膜組織中未見VEGF-C表達(dá);宮頸癌有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(20/26)VEGF-C表達(dá)水平較無轉(zhuǎn)移組(29/54)增高。宮頸癌組織中MLVD較正常黏膜組織增高;有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組MLVD高于無轉(zhuǎn)移組,且宮頸癌組織中VEGF-C表達(dá)與MLVD呈正相關(guān)。結(jié)論 VEGF-C在宮頸癌組織中表達(dá)增高及MLVD計(jì)數(shù)增高與宮頸癌浸潤、淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移等生物學(xué)行為密切相關(guān),可作為評(píng)估宮頸癌預(yù)后的重要生物學(xué)指標(biāo);VEGF-C可能促進(jìn)淋巴管新生。
[關(guān)鍵詞] VEGF-C;微淋巴管密度;宮頸癌;淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移
[中圖分類號(hào)] R739.5 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2014)22-0074-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship of the expression of VEGF-C and MLVD with lymphatic metastasis in cervical carcinoma. Methods The immunohistochemistry expressions of VEGF-C and D2-40 were detected by the automatic multifunctional pathology detection system in 80 cases invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The MLVD was assayed by D2-40 positive vascular count. Results Expression of VEGF-C was significantly higher levels in cervical carcinoma(49/80), and there was no expression in normal cervical mucosal tissues. VEGF-C expression in cervical carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (20/26) was significantly higher than those without lymph node matastasis(29/54). MLVD in cervical carcinoma was significantly higher than those in normal tissues, and MLVD in cervical carcinoma with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than those without lymph node matastasis. The VEGF-C expression was positively correlated with MLVD in cervical carcinoma. Conclusion The overexpression of VEGF-C and high MLVD are significantly correlated with cervical carcinoma progression and lymph node metastasis, which can be used as an important biological indicate to evaluate the prognosis of cervical cancer; VEGF-C may promote lymphangiogenesis.
[Key words] VEGF-C; MLVD; Cervical carcinoma; Lymphatic metastasis
宮頸癌是婦科常見而重要的生殖道惡性腫瘤,除直接蔓延外,淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移是其最重要和最常見的播散途徑,也是決定患者生存及預(yù)后的重要因素之一,所以對(duì)有關(guān)宮頸癌淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制的研究具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。既往由于缺乏淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞特異性的標(biāo)志物,是以腫瘤淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制的研究進(jìn)展相對(duì)滯后,而且有關(guān)淋巴管與腫瘤間關(guān)系的研究尚存在一些矛盾的結(jié)果。D2-40 是新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種特異性淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物,具有較高的特異性和敏感性[1]。血管內(nèi)皮生長因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor-C,VEGF-C)是一種能特異性誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖、趨化的重要因子,研究表明其表達(dá)水平與腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)[2]。本研究采用全自動(dòng)多功能組織病理檢測系統(tǒng)檢測宮頸癌組織中VEGF-C及D2-40的表達(dá),并觀察計(jì)數(shù)腫瘤微淋巴管密度(microlymphatic vessel density,MLVD),以探討VEGF-C及MLVD與宮頸癌微淋巴管生成及淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
80例宮頸鱗癌組織石蠟標(biāo)本均來自我院病理科2008年1月~2012年12月間存檔蠟塊。所有病例均實(shí)施宮頸癌根治術(shù)和盆腔淋巴結(jié)清掃,全部患者術(shù)前均未接受過放療或化療,臨床資料完整,均經(jīng)病理組織學(xué)確診?;颊吣挲g29~70歲,平均51.6歲,其中有盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移26例,無盆腔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移54例,且根據(jù)國際抗癌聯(lián)盟規(guī)定,每例剝離的淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目均不少于10枚。另取20例同期手術(shù)切除子宮之正常宮頸組織作為對(duì)照組。endprint
1.2 方法
所有組織學(xué)標(biāo)本均經(jīng)10%中性緩沖福爾馬林液固定,石蠟包埋,4 μm連續(xù)切片。應(yīng)用全自動(dòng)多功能組織病理檢測系統(tǒng)(BenchMark XT,美國羅氏)進(jìn)行免疫組織化學(xué)染色。SSC清洗緩沖液、DAB顯色液等均購自上海羅氏公司。一抗VEGF-C兔抗人多克隆抗體、D2-40兔抗人單克隆抗體均為上海長嘉生物科技有限公司產(chǎn)品。采用已知的宮頸鱗癌組織切片作為陽性對(duì)照,以PBS代替一抗作為陰性對(duì)照。
1.3 結(jié)果判讀
VEGF-C陽性染色定位于腫瘤細(xì)胞胞質(zhì),呈淡黃色或棕黃色顆粒樣著色。根據(jù)染色陽性細(xì)胞的數(shù)量及其染色強(qiáng)度分為三級(jí)[3]:陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)>60%,多數(shù)細(xì)胞呈棕黃色至黃色染色,為強(qiáng)陽性表達(dá)(3+);陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)<10%,染色強(qiáng)度為淡黃色或僅個(gè)別細(xì)胞呈棕黃色至黃色染色,為弱陽性表達(dá)(1+);陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)及染色強(qiáng)度介于強(qiáng)陽性與弱陽性之間者,為中度陽性表達(dá)(2+)。凡免疫組化染色強(qiáng)度與背景無明顯差別者均判讀為陰性(-)。
D2-40陽性染色呈棕黃色顆粒樣著色,定位于淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)。腫瘤MLVD的判定及計(jì)數(shù)方法[1]:根據(jù)D2-40在組織切片中的染色情況,以陽性染色的內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞簇或單個(gè)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞分別計(jì)為一個(gè)陽性微淋巴管。首先在低倍鏡下(×40)選定染色密集的5個(gè)區(qū)域,然后在高倍鏡下(×200)分別計(jì)數(shù)所選定的5個(gè)視野中被染色的微淋巴管數(shù)目,取其平均值作為該例的MLVD。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)(Fisher確切概率法);應(yīng)用Spearman等級(jí)相關(guān)分析VEGF-C表達(dá)與MLVD的相關(guān)性;P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 VEGF-C在宮頸鱗癌中的表達(dá)
VEGF-C陽性表達(dá)呈淡黃色或棕黃色,主要定位于腫瘤細(xì)胞胞質(zhì),偶見于脈管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞或間質(zhì)細(xì)胞(圖1)。宮頸鱗癌組織中VEGF-C表達(dá)陽性率約為61.25%(49/80),而20例正常宮頸黏膜組織中均未見VEGF-C表達(dá),且宮頸鱗癌有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(20/26)VEGF-C表達(dá)水平較無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(29/54)增高,三組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=27.806,P=0.000)。兩兩比較(矯正α為0.05/3),正常宮頸組織分別與無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組、有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組之間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=17.424、26.627,P=0.000)(Fisher確切概率法);無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組與有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組之間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.987,P=0.046)。見表1。
2.2 D2-40標(biāo)記的微淋巴管形態(tài)學(xué)特點(diǎn)及MLVD計(jì)數(shù)
D2-40陽性染色定位于淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞胞質(zhì),呈棕黃色或黃色顆粒樣著色。正常宮頸黏膜組織中D2-40染色陽性的淋巴管數(shù)目較少,形態(tài)多較規(guī)則,分布較均勻,新生微淋巴管較少見;而宮頸鱗癌組織中D2-40染色陽性微淋巴管分布明顯增多而不規(guī)則(圖2),一般位于癌巢周邊區(qū)域,尤其在癌巢浸潤前緣,多呈擴(kuò)張狀態(tài),形態(tài)不甚規(guī)則,大小不一,管壁較薄且無平滑肌組織,基底膜多不完整,腔內(nèi)偶見淋巴細(xì)胞;也有的微淋巴管為幾個(gè)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞組成的細(xì)胞簇或呈閉鎖的條索樣,有的甚至僅為單個(gè)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞;個(gè)別微淋巴管內(nèi)可見癌栓(圖3)。正常宮頸黏膜組織、宮頸鱗癌無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組和有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組MLVD計(jì)數(shù)分別為(2.42±0.64)、(6.73±0.91)、(9.87±1.02),經(jīng)單因素方差分析,三組之間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=397.226,P=0.000)。經(jīng)Newman-Keuls法兩兩比較,各組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(q=26.198、39.853、20.929,P<0.01)。見表1。
2.3 VEGF-C表達(dá)與MLVD相關(guān)性
采用Spearman等級(jí)相關(guān)分析表明,宮頸鱗癌組織VEGF-C表達(dá)與MLVD之間存在正相關(guān)(r=0.556,P<0.01)。
3 討論
宮頸癌是女性常見而重要的生殖道惡性腫瘤,除直接蔓延外,淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移是其最重要和最常見的播散途徑,也是決定患者生存及預(yù)后的重要因素之一,是以有關(guān)宮頸癌淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制的研究具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。既往由于缺乏特異性的淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞標(biāo)記物,因此有關(guān)腫瘤淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制的研究相對(duì)滯后,而且有關(guān)淋巴管與腫瘤之間關(guān)系的研究中尚存在一些矛盾的結(jié)果。
D2-40 是新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種特異性的淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物,它不與血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞反應(yīng),而是與淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞特異性地結(jié)合反應(yīng),是目前較為理想的淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物,并已經(jīng)開始應(yīng)用于腫瘤淋巴管與腫瘤生物學(xué)關(guān)系的研究[4]。腫瘤細(xì)胞所處的微環(huán)境狀態(tài),對(duì)于腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長、增殖以及侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移起著重要的作用,而MLVD計(jì)數(shù)可以一定程度地反映腫瘤細(xì)胞所處的微環(huán)境狀態(tài)。隨著腫瘤細(xì)胞的克隆性增殖,腫瘤體積不斷增大,其誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生的微淋巴管數(shù)亦可不同程度增加,同時(shí)由于組織間隙水腫,導(dǎo)致腫瘤微淋巴管的開放或擴(kuò)張,從而有利于腫瘤細(xì)胞侵入淋巴道而進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)移擴(kuò)散。Takanami[1]研究認(rèn)為,以D2-40標(biāo)記的MLVD計(jì)數(shù)是腫瘤淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移的一個(gè)獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子。本組實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)宮頸鱗癌組織MLVD為(7.75±1.63),明顯高于正常宮頸組(2.42±0.64);且有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組MLVD為(9.87±1.02),高于無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(6.73±0.91),三組之間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。同時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)中還發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤微淋巴管多位于癌巢周圍,尤其是浸潤的前緣部位,MLVD計(jì)數(shù)明顯增多,且絕大多數(shù)微淋巴管形態(tài)不規(guī)則,部分?jǐn)U張明顯,少數(shù)呈閉塞狀態(tài),表明在腫瘤發(fā)生淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移的過程中,腫瘤周圍組織中的微淋巴管發(fā)揮了重要的作用,與既往研究結(jié)果相一致[5,6]。
VEGF-C又被稱為淋巴管內(nèi)皮生長因子,是VEGF家族的新成員。其主要功能是通過與表達(dá)于淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的VEGFR-3受體特異性結(jié)合,激活受體酪氨酸激酶信號(hào)系統(tǒng),進(jìn)一步誘導(dǎo)腫瘤形成新的淋巴管(淋巴管新生),并能促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)入微淋巴管,通過淋巴系統(tǒng)向全身擴(kuò)散和轉(zhuǎn)移[7]。研究認(rèn)為VEGF-C是惡性腫瘤一個(gè)獨(dú)立的預(yù)后因素,其過表達(dá)不僅可以促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖,還可誘導(dǎo)腫瘤微淋巴管生成,并促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞在淋巴管內(nèi)的播散。在多種人體腫瘤組織的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)VEGF-C過表達(dá)與腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移呈正相關(guān)[8]。本組研究顯示宮頸鱗癌組織中VEGF-C表達(dá)陽性率約為61.25%(49/80),而在正常宮頸組織中均未見VEGF-C表達(dá),且宮頸癌有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(20/26)VEGF-C表達(dá)水平較無轉(zhuǎn)移組(29/54)增高,三組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,表明宮頸癌細(xì)胞可以產(chǎn)生VEGF-C使之表達(dá)升高,并可能與宮頸癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及浸潤、轉(zhuǎn)移等生物學(xué)行為密切相關(guān),可作為評(píng)估宮頸癌預(yù)后的重要生物學(xué)指標(biāo)之一。endprint
采用Spearman相關(guān)分析表明,宮頸癌組織中VEGF-C表達(dá)水平與MLVD計(jì)數(shù)之間存在正相關(guān),提示VEGF-C可以誘導(dǎo)腫瘤淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成,并且與腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。推測腫瘤細(xì)胞可能通過產(chǎn)生VEGF-C并與其受體特異性結(jié)合,從而誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管新生和擴(kuò)張;而腫瘤MLVD計(jì)數(shù)增加為腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)一步侵入微淋巴管提供了更有利的條件,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移[9]。
總之,雖然有關(guān)宮頸癌淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移的具體機(jī)制尚不完全清楚,但腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移無疑是一個(gè)涉及到多個(gè)因素的多步驟、多階段的復(fù)雜過程。在腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移過程中,瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的VEGF-C可能發(fā)揮了重要作用。VEGF-C可通過與其特異性的受體結(jié)合誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成,并進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的淋巴道擴(kuò)散和轉(zhuǎn)移,因此,臨床檢測VEGF-C表達(dá)及MLVD計(jì)數(shù)可作為評(píng)估腫瘤細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成研究的重要指標(biāo),并有助于臨床對(duì)宮頸癌治療方案的評(píng)價(jià)及預(yù)后判斷。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Takanami E. Lymphatic microvessel density using D2-40 is associated with nodal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Oncol Rep,2006,15(2):437-442.
[2] 任彥武,高峰. VEGF-C、Podoplanin與腫瘤淋巴管生成及轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展[J]. 癌癥進(jìn)展,2013,11(2):155-158.
[3] 盛薇,王虎霞,王光輝,等. 乳腺癌VEGF-C的表達(dá)與淋巴管生成的相關(guān)性[J]. 西安交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版),2008,29(6):679-682.
[4] Saptefrait L,Cǐmpean AM,Ciornǐi A,et al. Identification of lymphatic vessels and prognostic value of lymphatic microvessel density in lesions of the uterine cervix[J]. Rom J Morphol Embryol,2009,50(4):589-594.
[5] Yu H,Zhang S,Zhang R,et al. The role of VEGF-C/D and Flt-4 in the lymphatic metastasis of early-stage invasive cervical carcinoma[J]. J Exp Clin Cancer Res,2009, 28(98):1-6.
[6] Gombos Z,Xu X,Chu CS,et al. Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor C expression in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11(23):8364-8371.
[7] Watanabe S,Kato M,Kotani I,et al. Lymphatic Vessel Density and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Lip and Oral Cavity:A Clinicopathological Analysis with Immunohistochemistry Using Antibodies to D2-40,VEGF-C and VEGF-D[J]. Yonago Acta Med,2013,56(1):29-37.
[8] Botting SK,F(xiàn)ouad H,Elwell K,et al. Prognostic significance of peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in invasive squamous cell cervical cancer[J]. Transl Oncol,2010,3(3):170-175.
[9] Sotiropoulou N,Bravou V,Kounelis S,et al. Tumor expression of lymphangiogenic growth factors but not lymphatic vessel density is implicated in human cervical cancer progression[J]. Pathology,2010,42(7):629-636.
(收稿日期:2014-03-18)endprint
采用Spearman相關(guān)分析表明,宮頸癌組織中VEGF-C表達(dá)水平與MLVD計(jì)數(shù)之間存在正相關(guān),提示VEGF-C可以誘導(dǎo)腫瘤淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成,并且與腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。推測腫瘤細(xì)胞可能通過產(chǎn)生VEGF-C并與其受體特異性結(jié)合,從而誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管新生和擴(kuò)張;而腫瘤MLVD計(jì)數(shù)增加為腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)一步侵入微淋巴管提供了更有利的條件,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移[9]。
總之,雖然有關(guān)宮頸癌淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移的具體機(jī)制尚不完全清楚,但腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移無疑是一個(gè)涉及到多個(gè)因素的多步驟、多階段的復(fù)雜過程。在腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移過程中,瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的VEGF-C可能發(fā)揮了重要作用。VEGF-C可通過與其特異性的受體結(jié)合誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成,并進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的淋巴道擴(kuò)散和轉(zhuǎn)移,因此,臨床檢測VEGF-C表達(dá)及MLVD計(jì)數(shù)可作為評(píng)估腫瘤細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成研究的重要指標(biāo),并有助于臨床對(duì)宮頸癌治療方案的評(píng)價(jià)及預(yù)后判斷。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Takanami E. Lymphatic microvessel density using D2-40 is associated with nodal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Oncol Rep,2006,15(2):437-442.
[2] 任彥武,高峰. VEGF-C、Podoplanin與腫瘤淋巴管生成及轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展[J]. 癌癥進(jìn)展,2013,11(2):155-158.
[3] 盛薇,王虎霞,王光輝,等. 乳腺癌VEGF-C的表達(dá)與淋巴管生成的相關(guān)性[J]. 西安交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版),2008,29(6):679-682.
[4] Saptefrait L,Cǐmpean AM,Ciornǐi A,et al. Identification of lymphatic vessels and prognostic value of lymphatic microvessel density in lesions of the uterine cervix[J]. Rom J Morphol Embryol,2009,50(4):589-594.
[5] Yu H,Zhang S,Zhang R,et al. The role of VEGF-C/D and Flt-4 in the lymphatic metastasis of early-stage invasive cervical carcinoma[J]. J Exp Clin Cancer Res,2009, 28(98):1-6.
[6] Gombos Z,Xu X,Chu CS,et al. Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor C expression in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11(23):8364-8371.
[7] Watanabe S,Kato M,Kotani I,et al. Lymphatic Vessel Density and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Lip and Oral Cavity:A Clinicopathological Analysis with Immunohistochemistry Using Antibodies to D2-40,VEGF-C and VEGF-D[J]. Yonago Acta Med,2013,56(1):29-37.
[8] Botting SK,F(xiàn)ouad H,Elwell K,et al. Prognostic significance of peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in invasive squamous cell cervical cancer[J]. Transl Oncol,2010,3(3):170-175.
[9] Sotiropoulou N,Bravou V,Kounelis S,et al. Tumor expression of lymphangiogenic growth factors but not lymphatic vessel density is implicated in human cervical cancer progression[J]. Pathology,2010,42(7):629-636.
(收稿日期:2014-03-18)endprint
采用Spearman相關(guān)分析表明,宮頸癌組織中VEGF-C表達(dá)水平與MLVD計(jì)數(shù)之間存在正相關(guān),提示VEGF-C可以誘導(dǎo)腫瘤淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成,并且與腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。推測腫瘤細(xì)胞可能通過產(chǎn)生VEGF-C并與其受體特異性結(jié)合,從而誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管新生和擴(kuò)張;而腫瘤MLVD計(jì)數(shù)增加為腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)一步侵入微淋巴管提供了更有利的條件,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移[9]。
總之,雖然有關(guān)宮頸癌淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移的具體機(jī)制尚不完全清楚,但腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移無疑是一個(gè)涉及到多個(gè)因素的多步驟、多階段的復(fù)雜過程。在腫瘤的淋巴道轉(zhuǎn)移過程中,瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的VEGF-C可能發(fā)揮了重要作用。VEGF-C可通過與其特異性的受體結(jié)合誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成,并進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的淋巴道擴(kuò)散和轉(zhuǎn)移,因此,臨床檢測VEGF-C表達(dá)及MLVD計(jì)數(shù)可作為評(píng)估腫瘤細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)淋巴管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及微淋巴管形成研究的重要指標(biāo),并有助于臨床對(duì)宮頸癌治療方案的評(píng)價(jià)及預(yù)后判斷。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Takanami E. Lymphatic microvessel density using D2-40 is associated with nodal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Oncol Rep,2006,15(2):437-442.
[2] 任彥武,高峰. VEGF-C、Podoplanin與腫瘤淋巴管生成及轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展[J]. 癌癥進(jìn)展,2013,11(2):155-158.
[3] 盛薇,王虎霞,王光輝,等. 乳腺癌VEGF-C的表達(dá)與淋巴管生成的相關(guān)性[J]. 西安交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版),2008,29(6):679-682.
[4] Saptefrait L,Cǐmpean AM,Ciornǐi A,et al. Identification of lymphatic vessels and prognostic value of lymphatic microvessel density in lesions of the uterine cervix[J]. Rom J Morphol Embryol,2009,50(4):589-594.
[5] Yu H,Zhang S,Zhang R,et al. The role of VEGF-C/D and Flt-4 in the lymphatic metastasis of early-stage invasive cervical carcinoma[J]. J Exp Clin Cancer Res,2009, 28(98):1-6.
[6] Gombos Z,Xu X,Chu CS,et al. Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor C expression in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11(23):8364-8371.
[7] Watanabe S,Kato M,Kotani I,et al. Lymphatic Vessel Density and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Lip and Oral Cavity:A Clinicopathological Analysis with Immunohistochemistry Using Antibodies to D2-40,VEGF-C and VEGF-D[J]. Yonago Acta Med,2013,56(1):29-37.
[8] Botting SK,F(xiàn)ouad H,Elwell K,et al. Prognostic significance of peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in invasive squamous cell cervical cancer[J]. Transl Oncol,2010,3(3):170-175.
[9] Sotiropoulou N,Bravou V,Kounelis S,et al. Tumor expression of lymphangiogenic growth factors but not lymphatic vessel density is implicated in human cervical cancer progression[J]. Pathology,2010,42(7):629-636.
(收稿日期:2014-03-18)endprint