丁 斌
(溫州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院建筑工程系,浙江溫州325035)
玄武巖纖維復(fù)合材料(basalt fiber reinforced plastic,BFRP)是由火山噴發(fā)形成的惰性玄武巖礦石經(jīng)物理加工而成的一種新型綠色無(wú)機(jī)纖維復(fù)合材料.玄武巖纖維具有優(yōu)異的熱穩(wěn)定性、耐高溫性、抗拉強(qiáng)度、延性和耐久性.玄武巖纖維通過(guò)天然材料物理處理得到,對(duì)環(huán)境污染小且價(jià)格低廉,有望在一些加固工程中成為玻璃纖維甚至碳纖維復(fù)合材料的替換材料[1-4].
混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)加固中經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到纖維復(fù)合材料加固連續(xù)梁的問(wèn)題.如能充分了解纖維復(fù)合材料加固后連續(xù)梁的彎矩重分布特征,并在加固設(shè)計(jì)中加以應(yīng)用,就能更合理地評(píng)估結(jié)構(gòu)的承載能力,發(fā)揮結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的潛力,達(dá)到節(jié)約材料、簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)的目的[5-8].通過(guò)彎矩調(diào)幅系數(shù)可對(duì)按彈性方法所計(jì)算的彎矩值進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整,從而優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的受力性能.因此,彎矩調(diào)幅系數(shù)取值的合理性,對(duì)于工程設(shè)計(jì)具有重要的意義[9-11].文中以混凝土連續(xù)梁負(fù)彎矩區(qū)纖維布繞過(guò)柱粘貼的情況為工程背景,進(jìn)行了4根玄武巖纖維布加固的混凝土T形截面連續(xù)梁和1根對(duì)比梁的抗彎試驗(yàn)研究.
試件包括4根加固梁和1根對(duì)比梁,均采用C30混凝土和相同的配筋形式,混凝土立方體抗壓強(qiáng)度平均試驗(yàn)值為37.0 MPa.試件尺寸、配筋情況如圖1,鋼筋、纖維布的材性試驗(yàn)值如表1,2.
圖1 試件配筋圖(單位:mm)Fig.1 Specimen and arrangement of reinforcement(Unit:mm)
表1 鋼筋的力學(xué)性能Table 1 Properties of Reinforcement
表2 玄武巖纖維布規(guī)格Table 2 Properties of BFRP
采用在中支座處兩側(cè)板面的有效寬度范圍內(nèi)粘貼玄武巖纖維布[12].加固梁板面均粘貼一層纖維布,4根加固梁梁底分別粘貼1~4層玄武巖纖維布,加固方案如圖2.梁跨內(nèi)均粘貼U型箍以加強(qiáng)錨固并避免發(fā)生剪切破壞.試件編號(hào)及加固方式見(jiàn)表3.采用集中力以5kN的步長(zhǎng)對(duì)梁跨中截面同時(shí)加載,直到構(gòu)件破壞.加載裝置及位移計(jì)布置如圖3.
圖2 加固設(shè)計(jì)示意圖(單位:mm)Fig.2 Design of strengthened specimens(Unit:mm)
表3 試件概況Table 3 Details of test specimens
圖3 試驗(yàn)裝置及位移計(jì)布置Fig.3 Test set-up and LVDT arrangement
2.1.1 纖維布拉斷
B-B1~B-B3破壞過(guò)程呈延性破壞特征:跨中縱筋屈服后,梁側(cè)及中支座處板面可見(jiàn)明顯裂縫,跨內(nèi)部分相對(duì)中支座的轉(zhuǎn)角明顯增加,此后中支座處縱筋屈服、混凝土壓壞后形成塑性鉸,隨后跨中處形成塑性鉸,加固梁發(fā)生機(jī)構(gòu)破壞.典型破壞形態(tài)如圖4.
圖4 B-0破壞形態(tài)Fig.4 Pictures of B -0 at failure
2.1.2 混凝土受壓破壞
B-B4破壞時(shí),跨中處梁底纖維布拉斷、U型箍和混凝土一起發(fā)生剝離、縱筋和箍筋外露.BB4中支座處縱筋屈服后,跨中截面混凝土壓壞,纖維布拉裂,為跨中處混凝土發(fā)生受壓破壞,典型破壞形態(tài)如圖5.
圖5 B-B4破壞形態(tài)Fig.5 Pictures of B -B4 at failure
由圖6可知,各加固梁從加載初期至中支座截面混凝土開(kāi)裂前,荷載-撓度曲線基本重合.加固梁中支座截面混凝土開(kāi)裂至縱筋屈服前,荷載-撓度曲線斜率隨著加固量的增加明顯增大.跨中截面縱筋屈服后,荷載-撓度曲線有明顯的屈服平臺(tái).玄武巖纖維布加固梁表現(xiàn)出較好的延性.
圖6 各試件荷載-跨中撓度曲線Fig.6 Load-displacement curve at mid-span
各梁控制截面的實(shí)測(cè)彎矩根據(jù)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算求得.相應(yīng)的彈性彎矩值采用力法求解.各試件跨中截面和支座截面鋼筋屈服時(shí)計(jì)算得到的彎矩調(diào)幅系數(shù)如表4.彎矩調(diào)幅系數(shù)按下式確定:
式中:MT為試驗(yàn)測(cè)得的彎矩值;Me為彈性彎矩值.
由表4,5可知,各試件跨中縱筋屈服時(shí),跨中截面和中支座截面彎矩調(diào)幅系數(shù)分別在0.09~0.19和0.17~0.32之間,中支座縱筋屈服時(shí)跨中截面和中支座截面彎矩調(diào)幅系數(shù)分別在0.09~0.22和0.15~0.38之間.玄武巖纖維布加固梁在受載過(guò)程中,跨中截面彎矩重分布程度小于支座截面彎矩重分布程度.各試件跨中和中支座彎矩-荷載關(guān)系曲線與彈性值比較如圖7,8.
圖7 各試件荷載-跨中彎矩曲線Fig.7 Load-displacement curve at mid-span
圖8 各試件荷載-中支座彎矩曲線Fig.8 Load-displacement curve at mid-span
表4 跨中縱筋屈服時(shí)實(shí)測(cè)彎矩值和理論彎矩值Table 4 Experimental and theoretical value of moment at mid-span when longitudinal bar is yielding
表5 中支座縱筋屈服時(shí)實(shí)測(cè)彎矩值和理論彎矩值Table 5 Experimental and theoretical value of moment at middle-support when longitudinal bar is yielding
對(duì)4根玄武巖纖維布加固的T形截面混凝土連續(xù)梁和1根對(duì)比梁進(jìn)行了抗彎試驗(yàn),分析了玄武巖纖維布加固連續(xù)梁的彎矩重分布特征和破壞模式,得到以下結(jié)論:
1)1~3層玄武巖纖維布加固的連續(xù)梁均發(fā)生彎曲破壞.跨中縱筋屈服后,中支座處縱筋屈服繼而混凝土壓壞、形成塑性鉸,隨后跨中截面纖維布斷裂,荷載-撓度曲線具有明顯的屈服平臺(tái),破壞過(guò)程具有明顯征兆.發(fā)生混凝土受壓破壞的加固梁,U型箍、梁底纖維布、混凝土保護(hù)層一起發(fā)生剝離,縱筋和箍筋外露,脆性破壞特征明顯;
2)中支座鋼筋屈服前,加固梁的跨中和支座處彎矩實(shí)測(cè)值與彈性理論值較為接近,梁的彎矩重分布不明顯.中支座屈服后,加固梁各控制截面均發(fā)生了很明顯的彎矩重分布;
3)加固梁跨中縱筋屈服時(shí),跨中截面和中支座截面彎矩調(diào)幅系數(shù)分別在0.09~0.19和0.15~0.32之間;中支座縱筋屈服時(shí),跨中截面和中支座截面彎矩調(diào)幅系數(shù)分別在0.09~0.22和0.15~0.38之間.加固梁中支座截面彎矩重分布較跨中截面明顯.
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