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乳腺癌石蠟腫瘤組織和相應血液細胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA的表達相關性研究

2014-10-23 10:16:23王露孫怡李惠王劍蓉
中國當代醫(yī)藥 2014年27期
關鍵詞:乳腺癌

王露+孫怡+李惠+王劍蓉

[摘要] 目的 探討乳腺癌石蠟腫瘤組織和相應血液細胞中乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)與切除修復交叉互補基因1(ERCC1)及胸苷酸合成酶(TS)基因表達的相關性,同時探討B(tài)RCA1、ERCC1、TS在乳腺癌腫瘤組織與對應患者血液細胞中表達的關系。 方法 收集53例乳腺癌腫瘤石蠟標本及其對應的血液樣本,利用實時熒光定量PCR技術檢測腫瘤石蠟組織和對應血液樣本中BRCA1、ERCC1 、TS mRNA的表達水平;利用Pearson相關性分析方法分析腫瘤石蠟組織和相應血液細胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表達的相關性以及腫瘤石蠟組織細胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA之間表達的相關性。 結果 乳腺癌石蠟組織中BRCA1 mRNA 表達的ΔCT為(7.516±2.257),對應的血液組織中為(10.374±2.519)。乳腺癌石蠟組織中ERCC1和TS mRNA表達的ΔCT分別為(6.114±2.944)、(5.950±2.604),對應的血液組織分別為(8.801±2.581)、(10.078±1.731)。Pearson相關性分析顯示,BRCA1、ERCC1在腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織中的表達均呈正相關(r=0.607、0.537,P<0.05)。腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織中的TS表達無相關性(r=0.074,P>0.05)。BRCA1與ERCC1在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達無相關性(r=0.250,P>0.05)。BRCA1與TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達無相關性(r=0.256,P>0.05)。ERCC1與TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達無相關性(r=0.169,P>0.05)。 結論 乳腺癌患者的血液標本也許可以替代其腫瘤石蠟組織檢測BRCA1和ERCC1 mRNA的表達;BRCA1與ERCC1、TS的表達無相關性。

[關鍵詞] 乳腺癌;乳腺癌易感基因1;切除修復交叉互補基因1;胸苷酸合成酶基因

[中圖分類號] R737.9 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2014)09(c)-0007-05

The research on the correlation of BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA expression in the paraffin tumor tissue and corresponding blood cells for breast cancer

WANG Lu SUN Yi LI Hui WANG Jian-rong▲

Department of Pathology,TCM Hospital of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210000,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1),excision repair cross-complementing gene 1(ERCC1) and thymidylate synthetase (TS) gene in paraffin tumor tissue and corresponding blood cells for breast cancer. Methods Tumor paraffin specimens and their corresponding blood samples in 53 cases were collected,the expression level of BRCA1,ERCC1,TSmRNA of tumor paraffin samples and corresponding blood samples were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology,Pearson correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation of BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA expression of tumor paraffin tissue and the corresponding blood cells and the correlation of the expression between BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA in the tumor paraffin tissue cells. Results In the breast cancer paraffin tissues,the ΔCT of BRCA1 mRNA expression was (7.516±2.257),while in the corresponding blood tissue,the ΔCT was (10.374±2.519).In the breast cancer paraffin tissue,the ΔCT of ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression was (6.114±2.944),(5.950±2.604) respectively,while in the corresponding blood tissue,the ΔCT was (8.801±2.581),(10.078±1.731) respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the expression of BRCA1,ERCC1 in tumor paraffin tissue and blood tissue (r=0.607,0.537,P<0.05).There was no correlation between the expression of TS in tumor paraffin tissue and blood tissue (r=0.074,P>0.05).There was no correlation between BRCA1 and ERCC1,BRCA1 and TS,ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression in tumor tissue (r=0.250,r=0.256,r=0.169,P>0.05). Conclusion Blood samples of patients with breast cancer may be able to replace tumor paraffin tissue to detect the BRCA1 and ERCC1 mRNA expression.There was no correlation between the expression of BRCA1 and ERCC1,TS in breast tumor tissue.

[Key words] Breast cancer;Breast cancer gene 1;Excision repair cross-complementing gene 1; Thymidylate synthetase gene

乳腺癌是女性常見腫瘤之一,占女性全身惡性腫瘤的7%~10%,有年輕化趨勢[1]。臨床上以根治性切除為乳腺癌的主要治療方法,術后常需輔助化療。2010 年NCCN “乳腺癌臨床實踐指南”提出對于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者可給予術前新輔助化療[2]。2010年NCCN提示,紫杉醇類是乳腺癌化療中的主要化療藥物之一,紫杉醇類聯合卡鉑、氟尿嘧啶或卡培他濱等化療藥物積極應用于乳腺癌的化療[2]。乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)是一種多功能抑制蛋白,是第一個被發(fā)現的乳腺癌抑癌基因。1994 年作為乳腺癌和卵巢癌的易感基因而被提出來[3-4]。BRCA1 在調節(jié)細胞對紫杉類藥物的敏感性方面起著非常重要的作用[5-8]。BRCA1 低表達的細胞株對紫杉醇類藥物表現為耐藥;高表達示紫杉醇類化療藥物有積極療效[9-11]。切除修復交叉互補基因1(ERCC1)是細胞內DNA 損傷、核苷酸剪切修復系統(tǒng)(NER)通路中的關鍵基因,對癌細胞療效和機體細胞損傷修復的差異性有重要意義。臨床研究證實,ERCC1 基因與鉑類化療療效相關[12-13],低表達者鉑類藥物化療的療效好、毒副反應小及生存期長[14]。胸苷酸合成酶(TS)基因是合成胸苷酸的限速酶,是一種葉酸依賴性酶,催化2′-脫氧尿苷-5′-磷酸(dUMP)轉化為2′-脫氧核苷-5′-磷酸(dTMP),同時也是氟尿嘧啶的靶酶[15]。NCCN診療規(guī)范提示,TS-mRNA低水平表達應用氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、培美曲賽等藥物化療有積極療效[16-17]。化療相關分子檢測有助于乳腺癌患者的個體化治療,有助于提高化療療效和降低毒副反應。BRCA1、ERCC1、TS基因表達的檢測有助于紫杉醇類、鉑類、氟尿嘧啶等化療藥物的合理使用,以提高乳腺癌患者的化療療效,減少藥物毒副作用。

本研究收集了52例乳腺癌患者的腫瘤石蠟組織和相對應的血液細胞,應用SYBR Green 熒光實時定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技術,定量分析BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA在腫瘤石蠟組織及其對應血液組織的表達水平,分析BRCA1分別與ERCC1、TS表達的相關性,探討乳腺癌化療藥物紫杉醇聯合卡鉑、氟尿嘧啶等化療藥物的相關基因BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表達的關系以及是否能用血液組織代替腫瘤組織進行相關基因檢測。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實驗材料

收集2008年3月~2013年10月南京中醫(yī)藥大學附屬江蘇省中醫(yī)院病理科及外院送檢的53例乳腺癌腫瘤石蠟標本及對應患者的血液標本。年齡29~75歲,平均49.788歲。所有腫瘤石蠟標本均經常規(guī)病理HE染色后由病理科醫(yī)師確診。

1.2 儀器及試劑

石蠟組織RNA提取試劑盒(RNase-free FFPE kit) 購自德國Qiagen 公司,血液標本RNA 提取試劑盒(blood RNA kit)購自美國Omega公司,核酸蛋白測定儀購自美國Eppendorf Bio公司,逆轉錄反應試劑盒購自美國Promega公司,SYBR Green購自美國Lifetech 公司,7900 定量PCR儀購自美國ABI 公司;BRCA1、ERCC1、TS 和β-actin mRNA表達相關引物由上海生工生物工程技術服務有限公司合成。

1.3 方法

1.3.1 總RNA提取 腫瘤石蠟組織:根據病理醫(yī)師鏡下HE染色切片診斷,選擇最佳腫瘤石蠟蠟塊,切取10 μm厚石蠟白片10 張,經二甲苯脫蠟,乙醇漂洗。對照HE 染色切片刮取腫瘤組織,富集腫瘤細胞,按照石蠟RNA 提取試劑盒標準流程提取腫瘤RNA;收集新鮮血液,按照血液RNA 提取試劑盒標準流程提取血液RNA。利用核酸蛋白測定儀測定RNA產物的濃度和純度。

1.3.2 RT-Q PCR反應 采用SYBR Green 熒光定量PCR方法。RT 反應體系:RNA 1 μg,補齊水至7 μl, 42℃ 2 min,然后加入0. 5 μl引物,0. 5 μl RT 酶,2 μl 緩沖液,42℃ 30 min,95℃ 5 min。反應結束后加20 μl ddH2O 稀釋。qPCR反應體系:MasterMix、模板cDNA、BRCA1、ERCC1、TS、β-actin 上下游引物(10 pmol/μl)和H2O 共5 μl 體系。擴增條件:95℃ 10 min,95℃ 15 s,60℃ 1 min,40個循環(huán)。熔解曲線的溫度設定:95℃ 15 s,60℃ 15 s,95℃ 15 s。分析RT-qPCR 數據,設定基線,以空白管不出現陽性為準,每個目的基因做3個復孔,設定Ct值閾值納入范圍為15~35個循環(huán),得出目的基因BRCA1、ERCC1、TS 的CT值(3個復孔的平均值)。以管家基因β-actin 基因為內參,得出ΔCT=CT目的基因-CTβ-actin。

1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理

數據采用SPSS 13.0 軟件進行處理,計量資料用x±s表示,采用獨立樣本t檢驗或配對t檢驗,相關分析采用Pearson相關分析法,以P<0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA 在乳腺癌組織和對應血液中的表達

乳腺癌腫瘤石蠟組織BRCA1 mRNA 表達的ΔCT為(7.516±2.257),對應血液樣本BRCA1 mRNA 表達為(10.374±2.519);腫瘤石蠟組織ERCC1 mRNA 表達的ΔCT為(6.114±2.944),對應血液樣本ERCC1 mRNA 表達為(8.801±2.581);腫瘤石蠟組織TS mRNA 表達的ΔCT為(5.950±2.604),對應血液樣本TS mRNA 表達為(10.078±1.731)。樣本間表達差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)(表1)。

表1 BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA 在乳腺癌組織

和對應血液中的表達(x±s)

與血液組織ΔCT值比較,*P<0.05

2.2 乳腺癌石蠟組織細胞和相應血液細胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表達的相關性分析

Pearson 相關性分析顯示,BRCA1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達正相關(r=0.607,P<0.05)。ERCC1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達正相關(r=0.537,P<0.05)。TS腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達無相關性(r=0.074,P>0.05)。BRCA1與ERCC1在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達無相關性(r=0.250,P>0.05)。BRCA1與TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達無相關性(r=0.256,P>0.05)。ERCC1與TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達無相關性(r=0.169,P>0.05)(圖1)。

3 討論

乳腺癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤之一。全世界每年約有120萬婦女患乳腺癌,50萬死于乳腺癌。在西歐、北美等發(fā)達國家,乳腺癌發(fā)病率占女性惡性腫瘤的首位。值得關注的是,中國是乳腺癌發(fā)病率增長速度最快的國家之一,中國抗癌協(xié)會公布的統(tǒng)計數字顯示,我國乳腺癌的發(fā)病率每年正在迅速遞增,成為城市死亡率增長最快的惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病年齡也呈逐漸年輕化的趨勢。臨床治療上以根治性切除為主,術后常需輔助化療。2010 年NCCN 指南提出對于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者可給予術前新輔助化療[2]。化療效果與腫瘤對化療藥物的耐藥和副作用相關。個體化化療有利于提高化療療效和避免藥物的毒副反應,從而提高患者的生存質量,延緩生存期?;熛嚓P基因檢測有助于個體化化療方案的制訂。

BRCA1 表達缺失容易發(fā)生細胞凋亡,同時對DNA 損傷劑如順鉑等藥物敏感[18]。BRCA1 低表達的細胞株對紫杉醇類藥物表現為耐藥[9-11];高表達示紫杉醇類化療藥物有積極療效。ERCC1與鉑類化療療效相關[12-13],低表達者鉑類藥物化療的療效好、毒副反應小及生存期長[14]。TS基因mRNA低水平表達,NCCN診療規(guī)范提示應用氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、培美曲賽等藥物化療有積極療效[16-17]。

由于紫杉醇類是乳腺癌化療方案中最多見的化療藥物,故我們以紫杉醇類藥物相關基因BRCA1mRNA表達為基礎,分析了其在腫瘤組織和血液細胞中表達的相關性以及其與年齡、ERCC1、TS mRNA表達的相關性。

結果表明,BRCA1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達正相關;ERCC1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達也呈正相關。有學者發(fā)現,血液胚系細胞ERCC1 基因多態(tài)性的表型同鉑類療效和患者的生存時間相關[19]。本研究的結果在一定程度上也佐證了該學者的結果,因為ERCC1腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達呈正相關,這一結果在一定程度上提示乳腺癌患者的血液標本也許可以替代其腫瘤石蠟組織檢測BRCA1和ERCC1 mRNA的表達,這將大大提高個體化分子檢測的方便性,對于術前未進行手術切除的患者的新輔助化療也有積極的指導意義。另外,TS腫瘤石蠟組織與血液組織的表達無相關性,說明不能用乳腺癌患者的血液標本替代其腫瘤石蠟組織檢測TS的表達。當然,還需要進一步增加樣本數來驗證這一結果。

另外,結果還顯示,BRCA1與ERCC1、TS在腫瘤石蠟組織中的表達無相關性。BRCA1的表達與紫杉醇類藥物的化療療效相關,而ERCC1的表達與鉑類用藥相關,低表達者鉑類藥物化療的療效好、毒副反應小及生存期長;TS與氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、培美曲賽等藥物化療有關,故在乳腺癌化療方案選擇時,可以分別檢測BRCA1、ERCC1、TS的表達,有助于紫杉醇類與鉑類或者氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱、培美曲賽等藥物聯合使用時的個體化選擇用藥,以提高化療療效和減少毒副反應。

綜上所述,乳腺癌患者的血液標本也許可以替代其腫瘤石蠟組織檢測BRCA1和ERCC1的表達。乳腺癌患者的BRCA1與ERCC1、TS的表達無相關性。

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[15] Kuo SJ,Wang HC,Chow KC,et al.Expression of rTSbeta as a 5-fluorouracil resistance marker in patients with primary breast cancer[J].Oncol Rep,2008,19(4):881-888.

[16] Wang YC,Xue HP,Wang ZH,et al.An integrated analysis of the association between Ts gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in gastric and colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based regimens[J].Mol Biol Rep,2013, 40(7):4637-4644.

[17] Sulzyc-Bielicka V,Bielicki D,Binczak-Kuleta A,et al.Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil[J].Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(11):799-806.

[18] Wilson CA,Ramos L,Villase■or MR,et al.Localization of human BRCA1 and its loss in high-grade,non-inherited breast carcinomas[J].Nat Genet,1999,21(2):236-240.

[19] Joerger M,Burgers SA,Baas P,et al.Germline polymor phisms in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving first-line platinum-gemcitabine chemotherapy[J].Cancer,2012,118(9):2466-2475.

(收稿日期:2014-07-06 本文編輯:許俊琴)

[7] Sung M,Giannakakou P.BRCA1 regulates microtubule dynamics and taxane-induced apoptotic cell signaling[J].Oncogene,2014,33(11):1418-1428.

[8] Tian CQ1,Darcy KM,Krivak TC,et al.Assessment of the prognostic value of two common variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in ovarian cancer patients treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel:A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study[J].Front Oncol,2013,3:206.

[9] Gilmore PM,McCabe N,Quinn JE,et al.BRCA1 interacts with and is required for paclitaxel-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3[J].Cancer Res,2004,64(12):4148-4154.

[10] Tassone P,Tagliaferri P,Perricelli A,et al.BRCA1 expression modulates chemosensitivity of BRCA1-defective HCC 1937 human breast cancer cells[J].Br J Cancer,2003,88(8):1285-1291.

[11] Lafarge S,Sylvain V,Ferrara M,et al.Inhibition of BRCA1 leads to increased chemoresistance to microtubule-interfering agents,an effect that involves the JNK pathway[J].Oncogene,2001,20(45):6597-6606.

[12] Zhang YY,Gu KS.DNA repair capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(9):5507-5512.

[13] Liu H,Qi B,Guo X,et al.Genetic variations in radiation and chemotherapy drug action pathways and survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy[J].PLoS One,2013,8(12):e82750.

[14] Kim KH,Kwon HC,Oh SY,et al.Clinicopathologic significance of ERCC1,thymidylate synthase and glutathione S-transferase P1 expression for advanced gastric cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU and cisplatin chemotherapy[J].Biomarkers,2011,16(1):74-82.

[15] Kuo SJ,Wang HC,Chow KC,et al.Expression of rTSbeta as a 5-fluorouracil resistance marker in patients with primary breast cancer[J].Oncol Rep,2008,19(4):881-888.

[16] Wang YC,Xue HP,Wang ZH,et al.An integrated analysis of the association between Ts gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in gastric and colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based regimens[J].Mol Biol Rep,2013, 40(7):4637-4644.

[17] Sulzyc-Bielicka V,Bielicki D,Binczak-Kuleta A,et al.Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil[J].Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(11):799-806.

[18] Wilson CA,Ramos L,Villase■or MR,et al.Localization of human BRCA1 and its loss in high-grade,non-inherited breast carcinomas[J].Nat Genet,1999,21(2):236-240.

[19] Joerger M,Burgers SA,Baas P,et al.Germline polymor phisms in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving first-line platinum-gemcitabine chemotherapy[J].Cancer,2012,118(9):2466-2475.

(收稿日期:2014-07-06 本文編輯:許俊琴)

[7] Sung M,Giannakakou P.BRCA1 regulates microtubule dynamics and taxane-induced apoptotic cell signaling[J].Oncogene,2014,33(11):1418-1428.

[8] Tian CQ1,Darcy KM,Krivak TC,et al.Assessment of the prognostic value of two common variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in ovarian cancer patients treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel:A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study[J].Front Oncol,2013,3:206.

[9] Gilmore PM,McCabe N,Quinn JE,et al.BRCA1 interacts with and is required for paclitaxel-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3[J].Cancer Res,2004,64(12):4148-4154.

[10] Tassone P,Tagliaferri P,Perricelli A,et al.BRCA1 expression modulates chemosensitivity of BRCA1-defective HCC 1937 human breast cancer cells[J].Br J Cancer,2003,88(8):1285-1291.

[11] Lafarge S,Sylvain V,Ferrara M,et al.Inhibition of BRCA1 leads to increased chemoresistance to microtubule-interfering agents,an effect that involves the JNK pathway[J].Oncogene,2001,20(45):6597-6606.

[12] Zhang YY,Gu KS.DNA repair capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(9):5507-5512.

[13] Liu H,Qi B,Guo X,et al.Genetic variations in radiation and chemotherapy drug action pathways and survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy[J].PLoS One,2013,8(12):e82750.

[14] Kim KH,Kwon HC,Oh SY,et al.Clinicopathologic significance of ERCC1,thymidylate synthase and glutathione S-transferase P1 expression for advanced gastric cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU and cisplatin chemotherapy[J].Biomarkers,2011,16(1):74-82.

[15] Kuo SJ,Wang HC,Chow KC,et al.Expression of rTSbeta as a 5-fluorouracil resistance marker in patients with primary breast cancer[J].Oncol Rep,2008,19(4):881-888.

[16] Wang YC,Xue HP,Wang ZH,et al.An integrated analysis of the association between Ts gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in gastric and colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based regimens[J].Mol Biol Rep,2013, 40(7):4637-4644.

[17] Sulzyc-Bielicka V,Bielicki D,Binczak-Kuleta A,et al.Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil[J].Genet Test Mol Biomarkers,2013,17(11):799-806.

[18] Wilson CA,Ramos L,Villase■or MR,et al.Localization of human BRCA1 and its loss in high-grade,non-inherited breast carcinomas[J].Nat Genet,1999,21(2):236-240.

[19] Joerger M,Burgers SA,Baas P,et al.Germline polymor phisms in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving first-line platinum-gemcitabine chemotherapy[J].Cancer,2012,118(9):2466-2475.

(收稿日期:2014-07-06 本文編輯:許俊琴)

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