王海麗+徐公義+趙德明
摘要:根據(jù)豬鏈球菌種特異性基因gdh及血清2、7、9型的特異性基因cps2J、cps7H、cps9H序列,分別設(shè)計4對引物,通過對單項PCR、多重PCR擴增條件和反應(yīng)體系的優(yōu)化,建立了快速檢測豬鏈球菌種及主要致病血清型2、7、9型的四重PCR方法;并利用建立的多重PCR方法對魯西區(qū)域致病性豬鏈球菌的流行情況進行了調(diào)查研究。
關(guān)鍵詞:豬鏈球菌;菌種;致病血清型;多重PCR;檢測方法
中圖分類號:S852.61 文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1002-1302(2014)08-0212-02
豬鏈球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)是一種危害公共安全和現(xiàn)代養(yǎng)豬業(yè)的人獸共患病原體,有致從業(yè)人員感染的危險,豬鏈球菌病幾乎危及所有規(guī)模化養(yǎng)豬國家[1]。豬鏈球菌血清型眾多,其中豬鏈球菌2型(SS2)對豬的致病性最強,流行亦最廣;此外,豬鏈球菌 7型(SS7)和豬鏈球菌9型(SS9)等也是引起豬感染發(fā)病的重要血清型。谷氨酸脫氫酶(GDH)是細菌的一種十分重要的功能蛋白,其基因保守性高,點突變率極低,是病原體種屬鑒定的重要診斷性抗原。Okwumabua等根據(jù)gdh基因設(shè)計豬鏈球菌種特異性引物,通過對306株鏈球菌的檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的35個豬鏈球菌血清型中均檢測出了gdh基因,而化膿鏈球菌、乳房鏈球菌、牛鏈球菌、鏈球菌獸疫亞種、馬鏈球菌均未檢測出gdh基因,因此,gdh通常作為豬鏈球菌的一種重要檢測抗原[2]。莢膜多糖(CPS)是區(qū)分豬鏈球菌血清型的重要依據(jù)之一[3]。SS2 cps2J基因僅可以與2型和1/2血清型產(chǎn)生雜交,顯示cps2J基因為SS2的特異性基因可以作為鑒定SS2 的依據(jù)。根據(jù)SS7型、SS9型基因與其他血清型的同源性比對,選擇同源性低的閱讀框基因作為檢測基因。本試驗以我國及山東等地SS血清型流行病學調(diào)查為參考,借鑒已發(fā)表的SS gdh基因作為種特異性引物,篩選2、7、9型cps特異性基因作為檢測引物,在建立單項PCR的基礎(chǔ)上優(yōu)化反應(yīng)體系和反應(yīng)條件,建立特異性的多重PCR檢測方法,可在診斷豬鏈球菌的同時進行主要致病血清型的分型。并利用本研究建立的多重PCR檢測方法系統(tǒng)地對魯西區(qū)域SS的流行狀況進行了調(diào)查與分型研究。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 菌株及來源 標準菌株HA9801(SS2)、8074(SS7)、2083(SS9)基因組DNA由南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學陸承平教授惠贈。49株分離株來源于魯西各大養(yǎng)豬場[4],馬鏈球菌獸醫(yī)亞種、副豬嗜血桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、多殺性巴氏桿菌、豬胸膜肺炎放線桿菌由聊城市畜禽疫病檢測重點實驗室、聊城市畜禽疫病診療工程技術(shù)研究中心保存。
1.1.2 主要試劑 Ex-Taq Mix、DNA marker和蛋白酶K等主要試劑均購自寶生物工程有限公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 引物設(shè)計 根據(jù)國內(nèi)外資料的報道[5-8],確定gdh基因保守區(qū)域為SS 種特異性靶基因,以cps基因為型特異性靶基因,設(shè)計血清2型、7型和9型檢測引物(表1),由上海Sangon生物工程公司合成。
3 討論
Arends 等對143個屠宰豬扁桃體開展了SS2 的檢測研究,結(jié)果表明,荷蘭SS2的帶菌率在30 %以上[9]。Breton 等對413 份屠宰豬扁桃體開展SS的分離,結(jié)果在加拿大豬場共分離到 180 株SS(分離率為43.6 %),SS2有29 株(占SS的16.1%)[10]。Han 等對 406 個屠宰豬扁桃體進行SS的檢測研究,結(jié)果從韓國豬場共分離出豬鏈球菌 55 株,臨床9 型最多(16.4%)[11]??梢?,SS 在各國大豬場存在隱性感染的情況比較普遍。本研究結(jié)果顯示,從各采樣豬場不同生長階段臨床表觀癥狀健康豬群中均檢測出SS,表明魯西地區(qū)臨床表觀癥狀健康的豬群中存在SS隱性帶菌和潛在感染的威脅。
本研究結(jié)果對豬鏈球菌的表觀癥狀健康豬群及患病豬群從分離率及血清型兩方面反映出魯西地區(qū)豬鏈球菌的流行狀況。對魯西地區(qū)分離到的49株SS PCR檢測為陽性的樣品進行了血清型的分型研究,鑒定出SS2、SS7和SS9 菌株的數(shù)量分別為 17株、2株和3株。SS2菌株的陽性率占SS總分離菌株的比例為34.7%,提示SS2在該地區(qū)豬群中的帶菌比例相當高。魯西地區(qū)分離到的49株SS,其相同血清型不同菌株間的毒力因子情況及不同血清型的致病性等都有待于進一步研究。
本研究建立了豬鏈球菌種及3種主要致病血清型2、7、9型的四重PCR方法,通過特異性檢測和臨床應(yīng)用驗證,表明該多重PCR方法的敏感性高、特異性強,可作為養(yǎng)殖一線開展豬鏈球菌快速診斷和流行病學調(diào)查的重要手段。
參考文獻:
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[3]Charland N,Kobisch M,Martineau-Doizé B,et al. Role of capsular sialic acid in virulence and resistance to phagocytosis of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2[J]. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology,1996,14(4):195-203.
[4]王海麗,趙德明,葛長城,等. 豬鏈球菌的分離鑒定及病原特性研究[J]. 中國獸醫(yī)雜志,2012,48(7):36-39.
[5]Wisselink H J,Joosten J J,Smith H E. Multiplex PCR assays for simultaneous detection of six major serotypes and two virulence-associated phenotypes of Streptococcus suis in tonsillar specimens from pigs[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2002,40(8):2922-2929.
[6]Smith H E,Veenbergen V,van der Velde J,et al. The cps genes of Streptococcus suis serotypes 1,2,and 9:development of rapid serotype-specific PCR assays[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,1999,37(10):3146-3152.
[7]Smith H E,van Bruijnsvoort L,Buijs H,et al. Rapid PCR test for Streptococcus suis serotype 7[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,1999,178(2):265-270.
[8]Okwumabua O,OConnor M,Shull E. A polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay specific for Streptococcus suis based on the gene encoding the glutamate dehydrogenase[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,2003,218(1):79-84.
[9]Arends J P,Hartwig N,Rudolphy M,et al. Carrier rate of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 in palatine tonsils of slaughtered pigs[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,1984,20(5):945-947.
[10]Breton J,Mitchell W R,Rosendal S. Streptococcus suis in slaughter pigs and abattoir workers[J]. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,1986,50(3):338-341.
[11]Han DU,Choi C,Ham H J,et al. Prevalence,capsular type and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis isolated from slaughter pigs in Korea[J]. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,2001,65(3):151-155.endprint
[3]Charland N,Kobisch M,Martineau-Doizé B,et al. Role of capsular sialic acid in virulence and resistance to phagocytosis of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2[J]. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology,1996,14(4):195-203.
[4]王海麗,趙德明,葛長城,等. 豬鏈球菌的分離鑒定及病原特性研究[J]. 中國獸醫(yī)雜志,2012,48(7):36-39.
[5]Wisselink H J,Joosten J J,Smith H E. Multiplex PCR assays for simultaneous detection of six major serotypes and two virulence-associated phenotypes of Streptococcus suis in tonsillar specimens from pigs[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2002,40(8):2922-2929.
[6]Smith H E,Veenbergen V,van der Velde J,et al. The cps genes of Streptococcus suis serotypes 1,2,and 9:development of rapid serotype-specific PCR assays[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,1999,37(10):3146-3152.
[7]Smith H E,van Bruijnsvoort L,Buijs H,et al. Rapid PCR test for Streptococcus suis serotype 7[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,1999,178(2):265-270.
[8]Okwumabua O,OConnor M,Shull E. A polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay specific for Streptococcus suis based on the gene encoding the glutamate dehydrogenase[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,2003,218(1):79-84.
[9]Arends J P,Hartwig N,Rudolphy M,et al. Carrier rate of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 in palatine tonsils of slaughtered pigs[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,1984,20(5):945-947.
[10]Breton J,Mitchell W R,Rosendal S. Streptococcus suis in slaughter pigs and abattoir workers[J]. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,1986,50(3):338-341.
[11]Han DU,Choi C,Ham H J,et al. Prevalence,capsular type and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis isolated from slaughter pigs in Korea[J]. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,2001,65(3):151-155.endprint
[3]Charland N,Kobisch M,Martineau-Doizé B,et al. Role of capsular sialic acid in virulence and resistance to phagocytosis of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2[J]. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology,1996,14(4):195-203.
[4]王海麗,趙德明,葛長城,等. 豬鏈球菌的分離鑒定及病原特性研究[J]. 中國獸醫(yī)雜志,2012,48(7):36-39.
[5]Wisselink H J,Joosten J J,Smith H E. Multiplex PCR assays for simultaneous detection of six major serotypes and two virulence-associated phenotypes of Streptococcus suis in tonsillar specimens from pigs[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2002,40(8):2922-2929.
[6]Smith H E,Veenbergen V,van der Velde J,et al. The cps genes of Streptococcus suis serotypes 1,2,and 9:development of rapid serotype-specific PCR assays[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,1999,37(10):3146-3152.
[7]Smith H E,van Bruijnsvoort L,Buijs H,et al. Rapid PCR test for Streptococcus suis serotype 7[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,1999,178(2):265-270.
[8]Okwumabua O,OConnor M,Shull E. A polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay specific for Streptococcus suis based on the gene encoding the glutamate dehydrogenase[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,2003,218(1):79-84.
[9]Arends J P,Hartwig N,Rudolphy M,et al. Carrier rate of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 in palatine tonsils of slaughtered pigs[J]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,1984,20(5):945-947.
[10]Breton J,Mitchell W R,Rosendal S. Streptococcus suis in slaughter pigs and abattoir workers[J]. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,1986,50(3):338-341.
[11]Han DU,Choi C,Ham H J,et al. Prevalence,capsular type and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis isolated from slaughter pigs in Korea[J]. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,2001,65(3):151-155.endprint