張蔚等
[摘要] 目的 探討miRNA-497-195基因簇在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá),并對其預(yù)測的靶基因進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析,為miRNA-497-195基因簇在宮頸癌發(fā)生中的作用機(jī)制研究提供理論基礎(chǔ)。 方法 收集2010年3月~2012年3月在廣西壯族自治區(qū)人民醫(yī)院就診患者的宮頸標(biāo)本,利用miRNA芯片技術(shù)檢測宮頸病變組織中miRNA表達(dá)譜,用real-time RT-PCR進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證;采用real-time RT-PCR檢測miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸病變組織中的表達(dá)情況,并用Spearman法進(jìn)行miRNA-497與miRNA-195相關(guān)性分析。通過生物信息學(xué)預(yù)測miRNA-497和miRNA-195的靶基因,并對其靶基因進(jìn)行GO(gene ontology)功能富集分析及信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路富集分析。 結(jié)果 芯片結(jié)果顯示,宮頸癌及高度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)瘤變中miRNA-195和miRNA-497表現(xiàn)為下調(diào)(均P < 0.05)。real-time RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸癌組織中表現(xiàn)為下調(diào),且表達(dá)存在顯著性相關(guān)(r = 0.983,P < 0.05)。miRNA-497和miRNA-195預(yù)測靶基因大量重合,且集合功能也大量重合,并富集于細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控、生物學(xué)過程調(diào)控、轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控、基因表達(dá)及核苷酸代謝過程等生物學(xué)過程,以及蛋白結(jié)合、核酸結(jié)合、蛋白激酶活性、連接酶活性等分子功能(P < 0.01);KEGG通路分析涉及癌癥通路、p53信號通路、GnRH信號通路、細(xì)胞外因子信號通路等信號傳導(dǎo)通路及直腸癌、前列腺癌、甲狀腺癌、黑色素瘤、慢性粒細(xì)胞性白血病、非小細(xì)胞肺癌等疾病通路(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 miRNA-195和miRNA-497在宮頸癌組織中呈現(xiàn)低表達(dá),二者表達(dá)呈顯著正相關(guān),miRNA-497-195基因簇可能是宮頸癌的抑制因子。miRNA-497和miRNA-195預(yù)測靶基因功能大量重合,并顯著富集在與腫瘤發(fā)生相關(guān)的信號通路中。
[關(guān)鍵詞] miRNA-497;miRNA-195;miRNA-497-195基因簇;宮頸癌;miRNA芯片;靶基因;生物信息學(xué)
[中圖分類號] R739.8 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2014)11(a)-0004-06
The expression of miRNA-497 and miRNA-195 cluster in cervical cancer tissues and bioinformatics analysis of predicted target genes
ZHANG Wei1 LIU Zhen1 HU Xiaoxia2 ZHENG Wenjing1 ZENG Kangkang1
1.The First Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, China; 2.Department of Gynecology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression of miRNA-497-195 cluster in cervical cancer tissues, and bioinformatically analyze the target genes of miRNA-497-195 cluster, in order to provide theoretical basis for further studies of miRNA-497-195 cluster biological function in cervical cancer. Methods From March 2010 to March 2012,cervical specimens were collected from the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. miRNA array was applied to detect miRNA expression profile in cervical lesion tissues, and real-time RT-PCR was used for validation. The relative expression level of miRNA-497 and miRNA-195 were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, and Spearman was used for the correlation analysis. The bioinformatic analysis of the target genes of miRNA-497 and miRNA-195 involved gene ontology (GO) and signal transduction pathway enrichment. Results miRNA-497 and miRNA-195 expression decreased in cervical cancer tissues compared with normal cervical tissues (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation between the expression levels of miRNA-195 and miRNA-497 in the clinical samples were revealed (r = 0.983, P < 0.05). The predicted target genes of miRNA-497 and miRNA-195 were a lot of overlap. The functions of predicted target genes of miRNA-497 and miRNA-195 were enriched in cell cycle, regulation of biological process, regulation of transcription, regulation of gene expression, regulation of the nucleic acid metabolic process, protein binding, nucleotide binding, kinase activity, ligase activity and other biological processes and molecular functions(P < 0.01). In KEGG pathway, the predicted target genes involved in pathway in cancer, p53 signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, melanoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, and other signal transduction pathways and human diseases pathway (P < 0.05). Conclusion miRNA-497 and miRNA-195 expression decreases and obviously correlative in cervical cancer tissues,suggesting that miRNA-497-195 cluster may function as tumor suppressors in cervical cancer. Some of the predicted target genes of miRNA-497 and miRNA-195 are significantly enriched in tumor related with signaling pathways.
[Key words] miRNA-497; miRNA-195; miRNA-497-195 cluster; Cervical cancer; miRNA array; Target gene; Bioinformatic
宮頸癌是常見的婦科惡性腫瘤之一,全球每年約有50萬的新發(fā)病例,約30萬的死亡病例。近年來國內(nèi)外報(bào)道宮頸癌發(fā)病呈年輕化趨勢。目前已知宮頸癌的發(fā)生與高危型HPV感染有關(guān)。但是研究發(fā)現(xiàn),單一的高危HPV感染不足以引起宮頸癌,遺傳因素和免疫因素在宮頸癌的發(fā)生中也起了重要作用[1]。研究宮頸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展機(jī)制,更有效地診斷和治療宮頸癌,是當(dāng)今醫(yī)學(xué)的研究熱點(diǎn)。
最近許多研究表明,miRNAs在多種腫瘤如乳腺癌[2]、肝癌[3]、直腸癌[4]、食管癌[5]、卵巢癌[6]、子宮內(nèi)膜癌[7]中異常表達(dá),在宮頸癌中也出現(xiàn)異常表達(dá)[8],在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)移中作為抑癌基因或癌基因起重要的作用[1-7]。但目前對miRNA的具體作用機(jī)制認(rèn)識有限,準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測miRNA的靶基因并正確認(rèn)識miRNA及其靶基因的相互作用是研究miRNA作用機(jī)制的關(guān)鍵。
大多數(shù)miRNA基因以單拷貝、多拷貝或基因簇的形式存在于基因組中[9-10]。miRNA-195和miRNA-497屬于miRNA-15/107組群,種子序列為AGCAGC[11],pre-miRNA-195處于pre-miRNA-497 3'端下游的209 bp位置,兩者均位于人類染色體17p13.1,是一個(gè)高度保守的基因簇,而在人類17號染色體上有多種腫瘤抑制基因,這些基因在癌癥中常表現(xiàn)為缺失[12-13]。已有研究證明,miRNA-497和miRNA-195均有腫瘤抑制功能[14-24]。而目前針對miRNA-497-195簇對宮頸癌作用的研究尚少。
本文旨在研究miRNA-497-195簇在宮頸癌中的表達(dá)情況并預(yù)測其靶基因和對預(yù)測的靶基因進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析。為進(jìn)一步研究miRNA-497-195簇在宮頸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用及可能的分子機(jī)制并尋找可預(yù)測宮頸癌前病變及宮頸癌發(fā)展的生物標(biāo)志物提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
宮頸石蠟組織標(biāo)本收集于廣西壯族自治區(qū)人民醫(yī)院病理科,患者入院時(shí)間為2010年3月~2012年3月。選擇12份宮頸組織標(biāo)本用于miRNA芯片檢測,包括3份宮頸鱗狀細(xì)胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)組織、3份宮頸高度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變(high grde squmous intrepithelil lesion,HSIL)組織、3份宮頸低度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變(ligh grde squmous intrepithelil lesion LSIL)組織及3份正常宮頸組織,患者一般資料情況見表1。選擇60份宮頸組織標(biāo)本(20份宮頸癌組織、20份HSIL組織、10份LSIL組織和10份正常宮頸組織)用于miRNA-497和miRNA-195表達(dá)的驗(yàn)證及表達(dá)相關(guān)性分析,患者一般資料情況見表2。標(biāo)本均由病理科醫(yī)生復(fù)核,所有宮頸癌患者在術(shù)前均未接受過放化療及其他治療,正常宮頸組織來自因子宮良性病變切除的子宮。該研究已獲得醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)同意。
1.2 miRNA芯片檢測
組織RNA抽提采用RecoverAllTM Total Nucleic Acid Isolation(Ambion,Austin,TX,US),根據(jù)生產(chǎn)廠商提供的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作流程進(jìn)行,抽提所得總RNA經(jīng)電泳質(zhì)檢合格后備用。miRNA芯片雜交所用芯片為Agilent human miRNA(8*15K)V12.0芯片(覆蓋866個(gè)人類相關(guān)miRNA以及89個(gè)人類病毒相關(guān)miRNA)。芯片雜交實(shí)驗(yàn)及后續(xù)結(jié)果分析在上海伯豪芯片生物技術(shù)有限公司完成。實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品RNA采用Agilent miRNA芯片配套的試劑盒(Agilent technologies,Santa Clara,CA,US),按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作流程對樣品中的miRNA分子進(jìn)行熒光標(biāo)記及樣品的雜交實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.3 實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR(real-time RT-PCR)
RNA抽提使用QuantoBio Total RNA Isolation Kit進(jìn)行,利用QuantoBio逆轉(zhuǎn)錄系統(tǒng)采用加尾法進(jìn)行cDNA第一條鏈的合成,反應(yīng)條件為37℃、1 h(TIANGEN公司);以第一鏈cDNA為模板,利用SYBR Green PCR Master Mix進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,反應(yīng)在20 μL的體系中進(jìn)行。擴(kuò)增條件:95℃ 15 min,1個(gè)循環(huán);95℃ 10 s,40個(gè)循環(huán);60℃ 32 s,40個(gè)循環(huán)(TIANGEN 公司)。U6 snRNA作為實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)參基因。miRNA相對表達(dá)量為2-△△Ct;△Ct=(CtmiRNA-CtU6)。相關(guān)引物見表3。
表3 miRNA-195和miRNA-497逆轉(zhuǎn)錄及RT-PCR引物
1.4 miRNA-497和miRNA-195生物信息學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用mirecords數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://mirecords.biolead.org/)進(jìn)行靶基因預(yù)測,此數(shù)據(jù)庫集成了PicTar、miRanda、DI-ANA-microT和TargetScanS等miRNA靶標(biāo)預(yù)測工具,取至少被4個(gè)軟件同時(shí)預(yù)測的基因作為預(yù)測的靶基因,用DAVID數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/home.jsp)對預(yù)測的靶基因進(jìn)行GO(gene ontology)注釋描述和分類,使用KEGG公共數(shù)據(jù)庫對靶基因進(jìn)行信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路富集分。通過Fisher Exact Test計(jì)算P值,以P < 0.05為顯著性閾值得到基因集合具有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義的的高頻率注釋、信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)及疾病通路。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
芯片結(jié)果采用Agilent Microarray Scanner進(jìn)行掃描,用Feature Extraction software 10.7讀取數(shù)據(jù),最后采用Gene Spring Software 11.0進(jìn)行歸一化處理。采用Significance Analysis of Microarrays(SAM)和t檢驗(yàn)(t-test)進(jìn)行差異表達(dá)基因分析,差異倍數(shù)為2倍及以上(即≥2或≤0.5)、P < 0.05為有意義的miRNA。利用SPSS 12.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,采用Spearman進(jìn)行miRNA-497與miRNA-195的相關(guān)性分析,以r > 0.3,P < 0.05為存在相關(guān)性。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá)
2.1.1 基因芯片結(jié)果 芯片分析結(jié)果顯示,與正常宮頸組織比較,miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸癌和HSIL中表現(xiàn)為下調(diào),見表4。利用real-time RT-PCR檢測60份宮頸組織標(biāo)本中MicroRNA的表達(dá),結(jié)果示miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸癌組織和HISL中表現(xiàn)為低表達(dá)。見圖1。
表4 宮頸癌組織和HSIL中差異性表達(dá)的miRNAs情況
注:HSIL:高度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變;倍數(shù)改變:與正常宮頸組織比較,各miRNAs在宮頸癌或HSIL組織中表達(dá)的倍數(shù)變化
圖1 real-time RT-PCR檢測結(jié)果
2.1.2 miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá)相關(guān)性分析 將60份宮頸癌組織標(biāo)本的real-time RT-PCR用于miRNA-497和miRNA-195表達(dá)相關(guān)性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)二者在宮頸組織中的表達(dá)呈顯著正相關(guān)(r = 0.983,P < 0.05)。見圖2。
圖2 miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸組織中的表達(dá)相關(guān)性
2.2 miRNA-497和miRNA-195生物信息學(xué)分析
2.2.1 miRNA-497和miRNA-195靶基因預(yù)測 利用mirecords數(shù)據(jù)庫對miRNA-195靶基因進(jìn)行預(yù)測,此數(shù)據(jù)庫集成了PicTar、miRanda、DI-ANA-microT和TargetScanS等的miRNA靶標(biāo)預(yù)測工具,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)由4個(gè)軟件預(yù)測到的靶基因miRNA-497有914個(gè),miRNA-195有1037個(gè),兩者重合的靶基因有710個(gè)。將這些預(yù)測的靶基因利用DAVID數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行GO及信號通路的富集分析。
2.2.2 miRNA-497和miRNA-195預(yù)測靶基因的GO注釋描述及GO分類富集分析 按照基因的不同生物學(xué)功能,GO將基因的功能詳細(xì)劃分為以下3個(gè)方面:分子功能、生物學(xué)過程和細(xì)胞組件。通過GO注釋描述得到miRNA-497和miRNA-195預(yù)測靶基因的GO分子功能注釋信息和預(yù)測靶基因的GO生物學(xué)過程注釋信息。選取P < 0.01的注釋信息。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)測靶基因GO分子功能分析結(jié)果中miRNA-497有31項(xiàng),miRNA-195有29項(xiàng),兩者重合的注釋信息有25項(xiàng)。預(yù)測靶基因GO生物學(xué)過程分析結(jié)果,miRNA-497有153項(xiàng),miRNA-195有188項(xiàng),兩者重合的有130項(xiàng)。可見兩者預(yù)測靶基因功能大量重合,且分別富集于細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控、生物學(xué)過程調(diào)控、轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控、基因表達(dá)、及核苷酸代謝過程等生物學(xué)過程,以及蛋白結(jié)合、核酸結(jié)合、蛋白激酶活性、連接酶活性等分子功能(P < 0.01)。見表5、6。
表5 miRNA-497和miRNA-195預(yù)測靶基因GO生物學(xué)過程分析
2.2.3 miRNA-497和miRNA-195靶基因集合的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路富集分析 通過DAVID數(shù)據(jù)庫對miRNA-497和miRNA-195集合進(jìn)行基于KEGG的Pathway富集分析,選取P < 0.05的信號通路。預(yù)測靶基因總信號通路miRNA-497有21個(gè),miRNA-195有34個(gè),兩者重合的信號通路有18個(gè),可見miRNA-497和miRNA-195靶基因集合的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路大量重合,KEGG通路分析涉及癌癥通路、p53信號通路、GnRH信號通路、細(xì)胞外因子信號通路等信號傳導(dǎo)通路及直腸癌、前列腺癌、甲狀腺癌、黑色素瘤、慢性粒細(xì)胞性白血病、非小細(xì)胞肺癌等疾病通路(P < 0.05)。見表7。
表7 miRNA-497和miRNA-195靶基因集合的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路富集分析
3 討論
MicroRNA(miRNA)是發(fā)現(xiàn)于真核細(xì)胞中一類長度約為22個(gè)核苷酸的內(nèi)源性非編碼單鏈小RNA分子。miRNA能通過與靶標(biāo)mRNA的完全或不完全互補(bǔ)配對、降解靶mRNA或抑制靶mRNA翻譯的機(jī)制,在轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平調(diào)控基因的表達(dá),在細(xì)胞的增殖、凋亡、分化、代謝以及個(gè)體發(fā)育和病毒感染等方面都發(fā)揮著重要的作用。研究顯示,miRNA在腫瘤組織中異常表達(dá),對不同腫瘤組織特定miRNA表達(dá)水平的研究有利于闡明腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展機(jī)制,更為腫瘤的診斷和治療提供了理論依據(jù)。大多數(shù)miRNA基因以單拷貝、多拷貝或基因簇的形式存在于基因組中。研究已經(jīng)顯示miRNA-195在多種腫瘤組織和細(xì)胞中表現(xiàn)為下調(diào)并如胃癌[14]、肝癌[15]、膀胱癌[16]、食管癌[17]、膠質(zhì)瘤[23]等與腫瘤的生長、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)。在某些腫瘤中,miRNA-195被鑒定為腫瘤抑制因子[14-16,24]。miRNA-497也在不同的腫瘤中表現(xiàn)為下調(diào),如乳腺癌[19]、肺癌[20]、宮頸癌[18]、直腸癌[21]、前列腺癌[22]等。已有學(xué)者將miRNA-497和miRNA-195作為一個(gè)基因簇進(jìn)行研究,如Furuta等[3]、Li等[12]、Flavin等[13],他們分別發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-497和miRNA-195在肝癌、乳腺癌和卵巢癌中表現(xiàn)出腫瘤抑制功能,是潛在的腫瘤抑制基因。說明在研究miRNA-497和miRNA-195對宮頸癌發(fā)生和發(fā)展的影響時(shí),也有必要將兩者作為一個(gè)基因簇來研究。本研究通過基因芯片技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn),與正常宮頸組織比較,宮頸癌組織中有15個(gè)miRNAs表達(dá)為上調(diào),10個(gè)miRNAs表達(dá)為下調(diào)(<0.5倍),其中,miRNA-497和miRNA-195表現(xiàn)為下調(diào)。經(jīng)qRT-PCR證實(shí)miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸癌組織中為明顯低表達(dá),與芯片檢測結(jié)果一致,并發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者在宮頸組織中的表達(dá)水平高度相關(guān)。miRNA-497和miRNA-195均位于17號染色體,而在人類17號染色體上有多種腫瘤抑制基因,這些基因在癌癥中常表現(xiàn)為缺失。Luo等[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA-497的異常表達(dá)與宮頸癌的不良預(yù)后有關(guān)。miRNA-497-195基因簇與宮頸癌發(fā)生和發(fā)展的關(guān)系目前研究較少。下一步研究可通過轉(zhuǎn)染技術(shù)使宮頸癌系過表達(dá)miRNA-497和miRNA-195,來觀察其對宮頸癌細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和凋亡的影響[25],來證明miRNA-497-195基因簇對宮頸癌的抑制作用。
目前miRNA家族已是基因表達(dá)調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)中重要組成部分,可能參與多條信號傳導(dǎo)通路的調(diào)控。miRNA靶基因的確定是研究miRNA生物學(xué)功能的關(guān)鍵,對靶基因的功能分析有助于對miRNA作用機(jī)制的理解。生物信息學(xué)預(yù)測顯示,miRNAs能調(diào)節(jié)超過30%的蛋白編碼的基因[26],單個(gè)miRNA能作用于許多靶基因調(diào)節(jié)生物過程。利用生物信息學(xué)方法對miRNA-497和miRNA-195的靶基因進(jìn)行預(yù)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者靶基因大量重合。對靶基因集合進(jìn)行功能富集分析和信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA-497和miRNA-195預(yù)測靶基因的功能大量重合,并分顯著富集于細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控、生物學(xué)過程調(diào)控、轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控、基因表達(dá)及核苷酸代謝過程等生物學(xué)過程,以及蛋白結(jié)合、核酸結(jié)合、蛋白激酶活性、連接酶活性等分子功能(P < 0.01);KEGG通路分析涉及癌癥通路、p53信號通路、GnRH信號通路、細(xì)胞外因子信號通路等信號傳導(dǎo)通路及直腸癌、前列腺癌、甲狀腺癌、黑色素瘤、慢性粒細(xì)胞性白血病、非小細(xì)胞肺癌等疾病通路(P < 0.05)。幾個(gè)miRNA-497和miRNA-195的靶基因在某些腫瘤中已得到驗(yàn)證。Furuta等[3]篩選出miRNA-497-195的直接靶基因CCNE1、CDC25A、CCN3、CDK4、BTRC,發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-497-195在肝癌中的表達(dá)與CCNE1、CDC25A、CCN3、CDK4、BTRC的表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān),通過siRNA抑制肝細(xì)胞癌中這些靶基因的表達(dá),發(fā)現(xiàn)肝細(xì)胞癌出現(xiàn)了G1期生長抑制。
本研究顯示,miRNA-497和miRNA-195在宮頸癌組織中為低表達(dá),生物信息學(xué)分析顯示miRNA-497和miRNA-195靶基因功能大量重合并富集于大量的生物學(xué)功能及與癌癥相關(guān)的信號通路。對miRNA-497和miRNA-195靶基因及信號傳導(dǎo)通路的分析有助于對宮頸癌的發(fā)生機(jī)制的認(rèn)識,為進(jìn)一步研究miRNA-497-195基因簇在宮頸癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中的機(jī)制提供理論依據(jù)和實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
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[26] Bartel DP. MicroRNAs:genomics,biogenesis,mechanism,and function [J]. Cell,2004,116(2):281-297.
(收稿日期:2014-07-10 本文編輯:程 銘)
[10] Lau NC,Lim LP,Weinstein EG,et al. An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans [J]. Science,2001,294(5543):858-862.
[11] Finnerty JR,Wang WX,Hebert SS,et al. The miR-15/107 group of microRNA genes: evolutionary biology, cellular functions, and roles in human diseases [J]. J Mol Biol,2010,402(3):491-509.
[12] Li D,Zhao Y,Liu C,et al. Analysis of miR-195 and miR-497 expression, regulation and role in breast cancer [J]. Clin Cancer Res,2011,17(7):1722-1730.
[13] Flavin RJ,Smyth PC,Laios A,et al. Potentially important microRNA cluster on chromosome 17p13.1 in primary peritoneal carcinoma [J]. Mod Pathol,2009,22(2):197-205.
[14] Guo J,Miao Y,Xiao B,et al. Differential expression of microRNA species in human gastric cancer versus non-tumorous tissues [J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2009,24(4):652-657.
[15] Xu T,Zhu Y,Xiong Y,et al. MicroRNA-195 suppresses tumorigenicity and regulates G1/S transition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells [J]. Hepatology,2009,50(1):113-121.
[16] Ichimi T,Enokida H,Okuno Y,et al. Identification of novel microRNA targets based on microRNA signatures in bladder cancer [J]. Int J Cancer,2009,125(2):345-352.
[17] Fu MG,Li S,Yu TT,et al. Differential expression of miR-195 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and miR-195 expression inhibits tumor cell proliferation and invasion by targeting of Cdc42 [J]. FEBS Lett,2013,587(21):3471-3479.
[18] Luo M,Shen D,Zhou X,et al. MicroRNA-497 is a potential prognostic marker in human cervical cancer and functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [J]. Surgery,2013,153(6):836-847.
[19] Wang S,Li H,Wang J,et al. Expression of microRNA-497 and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer [J]. Diagn Pathol,2013,8(1):172.
[20] Zhao WY,Wang Y,An ZJ,et al. Downregulation of miR-497 promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting HDGF in non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2013,435(3):466-471.
[21] Guo ST,Jiang CC,Wang GP,et al. MicroRNA-497 targets insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and has a tumour suppressive role in human colorectal cancer [J]. Oncogene,2013,32(15):1910-1920.
[22] Wang L,Li B,Li L,et al. MicroRNA-497 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells [J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(6):3499-3502.
[23] Zhang QQ,Xu H,Huang MB,et al. MicroRNA-195 plays a tumor-suppressor role in human glioblastoma cells by targeting signaling pathways involved in cellular proliferation and invasion [J]. Neuro Oncol,2012,14(3):278-287.
[24] Soon PS,Tacon LJ,Gill AJ,et al. miR-195 and miR-483-5p Identified as Predictors of Poor Prognosis in Adrenocortical Cancer [J]. Clin Cancer Res,2009,15(24):7684-7692.
[25] 林晨,陳銳,拉萊·蘇祖克,等.微小RNA-101在子宮頸鱗癌組織中的表達(dá)及其意義[J].中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2011, 46(9):699-700.
[26] Bartel DP. MicroRNAs:genomics,biogenesis,mechanism,and function [J]. Cell,2004,116(2):281-297.
(收稿日期:2014-07-10 本文編輯:程 銘)
[10] Lau NC,Lim LP,Weinstein EG,et al. An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans [J]. Science,2001,294(5543):858-862.
[11] Finnerty JR,Wang WX,Hebert SS,et al. The miR-15/107 group of microRNA genes: evolutionary biology, cellular functions, and roles in human diseases [J]. J Mol Biol,2010,402(3):491-509.
[12] Li D,Zhao Y,Liu C,et al. Analysis of miR-195 and miR-497 expression, regulation and role in breast cancer [J]. Clin Cancer Res,2011,17(7):1722-1730.
[13] Flavin RJ,Smyth PC,Laios A,et al. Potentially important microRNA cluster on chromosome 17p13.1 in primary peritoneal carcinoma [J]. Mod Pathol,2009,22(2):197-205.
[14] Guo J,Miao Y,Xiao B,et al. Differential expression of microRNA species in human gastric cancer versus non-tumorous tissues [J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2009,24(4):652-657.
[15] Xu T,Zhu Y,Xiong Y,et al. MicroRNA-195 suppresses tumorigenicity and regulates G1/S transition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells [J]. Hepatology,2009,50(1):113-121.
[16] Ichimi T,Enokida H,Okuno Y,et al. Identification of novel microRNA targets based on microRNA signatures in bladder cancer [J]. Int J Cancer,2009,125(2):345-352.
[17] Fu MG,Li S,Yu TT,et al. Differential expression of miR-195 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and miR-195 expression inhibits tumor cell proliferation and invasion by targeting of Cdc42 [J]. FEBS Lett,2013,587(21):3471-3479.
[18] Luo M,Shen D,Zhou X,et al. MicroRNA-497 is a potential prognostic marker in human cervical cancer and functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [J]. Surgery,2013,153(6):836-847.
[19] Wang S,Li H,Wang J,et al. Expression of microRNA-497 and its prognostic significance in human breast cancer [J]. Diagn Pathol,2013,8(1):172.
[20] Zhao WY,Wang Y,An ZJ,et al. Downregulation of miR-497 promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting HDGF in non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2013,435(3):466-471.
[21] Guo ST,Jiang CC,Wang GP,et al. MicroRNA-497 targets insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and has a tumour suppressive role in human colorectal cancer [J]. Oncogene,2013,32(15):1910-1920.
[22] Wang L,Li B,Li L,et al. MicroRNA-497 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells [J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(6):3499-3502.
[23] Zhang QQ,Xu H,Huang MB,et al. MicroRNA-195 plays a tumor-suppressor role in human glioblastoma cells by targeting signaling pathways involved in cellular proliferation and invasion [J]. Neuro Oncol,2012,14(3):278-287.
[24] Soon PS,Tacon LJ,Gill AJ,et al. miR-195 and miR-483-5p Identified as Predictors of Poor Prognosis in Adrenocortical Cancer [J]. Clin Cancer Res,2009,15(24):7684-7692.
[25] 林晨,陳銳,拉萊·蘇祖克,等.微小RNA-101在子宮頸鱗癌組織中的表達(dá)及其意義[J].中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2011, 46(9):699-700.
[26] Bartel DP. MicroRNAs:genomics,biogenesis,mechanism,and function [J]. Cell,2004,116(2):281-297.
(收稿日期:2014-07-10 本文編輯:程 銘)