∷鐘凡凡 改寫
(改寫自“Gravestones of Famous Authors”一文)
每一座墓碑都刻畫了一個(gè)鮮明的個(gè)性,或記錄了一段關(guān)于人的歷史。中國自漢朝后,幾乎事事可碑,有山川之碑,宮室之碑,家廟之碑,風(fēng)土之碑,功德之碑……并且形成了具有民族特色的碑文文化。西方亦有自己獨(dú)特的碑文文化——無論是名人,還是普通人,墓碑上常常能看到時(shí)而嚴(yán)肅、時(shí)而搞笑、時(shí)而嘲諷、時(shí)而自我吹捧的刻字。對(duì)他們來說,碑文是the last chance that the dead have to speak to the world, and an entire life, summed up in a few sentences. 那些被刻在灰色墓碑上的文字恰恰是一個(gè)個(gè)鮮活靈魂在世上最后的吶喊。下面我選擇了十位知名作家墓碑上的碑文,以緬懷一個(gè)個(gè)鮮明的性格,一窺不同跌宕人生的冷暖。
Heare lyes
(expecting the Second comminge of our Saviour Christ Jesus)
the body of Edmond Spencer the Prince of Poets
in his tyme whose Divine Spirrit needs noe othir witnesse
then the works which He left behinde him.
長眠于此的是
(正等著救世主耶穌第二次降臨的)
桂冠詩人埃德蒙·斯賓塞的遺體。
在他的時(shí)代,圣靈無需其他證詞
除了他留予世間的遺作。
不愧為《仙后》作者的送別辭,恢宏卻不顯擺。
威廉·莎士比亞之墓
GOOD FREND FOR JESUS SAKE FORBEARE TO
DIGG THE DUST ENCLOASED HEARE.
BLEST BE YE MAN YT SPARES THES STONES AND
CURST BE HE YT MOVES MY BONES
看在耶穌的份上,我的朋友,
切勿挖這黃土覆蓋的靈柩
墓碑上所刻的碑文,是死亡之書的書簽,亦是生命之書的總結(jié);是逝者之遺言,生者之思念。一滴水,一世界,一段字,一生情……
讓我安息者將得上帝祝福,
遷我尸骨者將受亡靈詛咒。
我一點(diǎn)兒也不迷信,但我還是要?jiǎng)裾]想挖他尸骨做研究的科學(xué)家,務(wù)必三思而后行。
This Grave contains all that was mortal, of a Young English Poet, who on his Death Bed, in the Bitterness of his heart, at the Malicious Power of his enemies, desired these words to be Engraven on his Tomb Stone: Here lies One Whose Name was writ in Water.
在濟(jì)慈短暫的一生中,他獲得過不溫不火的成功,也遭受過狂轟濫炸般的批評(píng)。由此,他的碑文“此處長眠者,聲名水上書”,反映了他對(duì)自己無法在歷史上留名的無力感。其余的文字都是他的朋友添加上去的。
Called Back
狄金森的碑文出自她臨終前的信:“小表妹們,我受喚歸來了。埃米莉。”就像她的詩句,簡潔而美麗。
Under the wide and starry sky
Dig the grave and let me lie.
Glad did I live and gladly die,
And I laid me down with a will.
This be the verse you grave for me:
Here he lies where he longed to be;
Home is the sailor, home from the sea
And the hunter from the hill.
出自他的詩《挽歌》,作為碑文再合適不過了。
ALIEN TEARS WILL FILL FOR HIM
PITY’S LONG-BROKEN ERN,
FOR HIS MOURNERS WILL BE OUTCAST MEN,
AND OUTCASTS ALWAYS MOURN.
碑文出自王爾德自己的詩作《瑞丁監(jiān)獄之歌》。正如詩行中所預(yù)示的那樣,每年都有許多王爾德迷到他的墓碑前祭拜,抹上口紅在碑上留下深情一吻。雖然這是對(duì)歷史文物的破壞,卻著實(shí)是浪漫之舉。
Beneath this tree are buried the ashes of Virginia Woolf. Born January 25 1882, Died March 28 1941.Death is the enemy. Against you I will fling myself,unvanquished and unyielding,O Death!1. fling: 沖向,撲向;unvanquished: 未被擊敗的;unyielding:不屈的,堅(jiān)定的。The waves broke on the shore.
奧斯卡·王爾德之墓
“死亡,即使我置身你的懷抱,我也不會(huì)屈服,不受宰制。”如此義無反顧的碑文只屬弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫。
Even amidst fierce flames the golden lotus can be planted
普拉斯的丈夫,英國桂冠詩人泰德·休斯為妻選了這句碑文。盡管他一直對(duì)外宣稱,“火里也能種金蓮”這句話出自于印度吠陀經(jīng)書,但后人考證,其實(shí)是出自中國四大古典小說之一的《西游記》英譯本(企鵝版)。雖然討厭休斯的人怨聲載道,但是我仍能看出他選的這句話之美:雖然普拉斯常有對(duì)抗命運(yùn)的無力感,但她一直是一位無比堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的女性。下面是《西游記》英譯本的選段:
“To spare and tend the vital powers, this and nothing else is sum and total of all magic, secret and profane.2. spare: 寬容地對(duì)待;profane: 平凡的,鄙俗的。All is comprised in these three, spirit, breath and soul; guard them closely, screen them well; let there be no leak. Store them within the frame; that is all that can be learnt, and all that can be taught. I would have you mark the tortoise and snake, locked in tight embrace.Locked in tight embrace, the vital powers are strong;even in the midst of fierce flames the Golden Lotus may be planted, the five elements compounded and transposed, and put to new use. When that is done, be which you please, Buddha or Immortal” —Monkey3. 《西游記》原文為:顯密圓通真妙訣,惜修性命無他說。都來總是精氣神,謹(jǐn)固牢藏休漏泄。休漏泄,體中藏,汝受吾傳道自昌??谠E記來多有益,屏除邪欲得清涼。得清涼,光皎潔,好向丹臺(tái)賞明月。月藏玉兔日藏烏,自有龜蛇相盤結(jié)。相盤結(jié),性命堅(jiān),卻能火里種金蓮。攢簇五行顛倒用,功完隨作佛和仙。
Here lie the ashes of Dorothy Parker (1893-1967)Humorist, writer, critic, defender of human and civil rights. For her epitaph she suggested “Excuse My Dust”.This memorial garden is dedicated to her noble spirit which celebrated the oneness of humankind, and to the bonds of everlasting friendship between black and Jewish people.
令多蘿西·帕克聞名于世的有兩樣?xùn)|西:她的機(jī)智幽默,以及她的嗜酒如命。然而,她以筆為戈獻(xiàn)身民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的成就是不可否認(rèn)的。臨終前,她把所有家產(chǎn)都贈(zèng)予了馬丁·路德·金,雖然他們從未有過一面之緣?!癊xcuse My Dust”再符合帕克的風(fēng)格不過了。
I had a lover’s quarrel with the world.
這一碑文帶有些許憂傷,但卻是弗羅斯特生活的真實(shí)寫照:詩人深愛著這個(gè)世界,卻不得不做出妥協(xié)。