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丹參酮ⅡA對H9c2心肌細(xì)胞缺血再灌注損傷的保護(hù)機(jī)制

2014-12-25 00:53吳愛萍等
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2014年33期

吳愛萍等

[摘要] 目的 觀察丹參酮IIA對心肌缺血再灌注損傷的保護(hù)作用及相關(guān)信號傳導(dǎo)通路。 方法 通過建立H9c2心肌細(xì)胞缺血再灌注模型,分別加入不同濃度丹參酮IIA,采用CCK-8檢測細(xì)胞存活率,通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡率;另外分為丹參酮IIA組、AG490組、丹參酮IIA及AG490組,通過Western blot方法檢測JAK2、P-JAK2、STAT3、P-STAT3蛋白表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 CCK-8檢測顯示模型組細(xì)胞存活率為78.90%±5.163%,與對照組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);丹參酮IIA 2.5 μM組細(xì)胞存活率為85.76%±6.101%,與模型組比較,P>0.05;丹參酮IIA 10 μM組細(xì)胞存活率為90.62%±2.321%,與模型組比較,P<0.05;丹參酮IIA 40 μM組細(xì)胞存活率為86.38%±4.712%,與模型組比,P<0.05;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測顯示加入丹參酮IIA缺血再灌注導(dǎo)致的心肌細(xì)胞凋亡數(shù)減少;丹參酮IIA組P-JAK2、P-STAT3蛋白表達(dá)較缺血再灌注組明顯上升,而AG490組的P-JAK2蛋白表達(dá)明顯下調(diào)。 結(jié)論 丹參酮ⅡA可改善缺血再灌注引起的大鼠心肌細(xì)胞凋亡,其保護(hù)機(jī)制可能與JAK2/STAT3信號通路有關(guān)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 丹參酮IIA; H9c2心肌細(xì)胞; 缺血再灌注; JAK2/STAT3信號通路

[中圖分類號] R965 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2014)33-0001-03

[Abstract] Objective To study the protective effect of tanshinone IIA on myocardial ischemia-reperfution(I/R) injury and related signialing pathway. Methods Made H9c2 myocytes I/R models, add different concentrations of tanshinone IIA after 24 hours, then test apoptosis rate by cck-8 and flow cytometry. Add tanshinone IIA, AG490, tanshinone IIA+AG490 respectively, then assay the expression of JAK2, P-JAK2, STAT3, P-STAT3 by western blot. Results CCK-8 tests showed the cell survival rate of model group was 78.90%±5.163%, compared with the control group had statistical differences. Compared with the model group, the cell survival rate increased to 85.76%±6.101% at the tanshinone IIA concentration of 2.5 μM(P>0.05), increased to 90.62%±2.321% at the tanshinone IIA concentration of 10 μM (P<0.05), and increased to 86.38%±4.712% at the tanshinone IIA concentration of 40 μM (P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis also displayed tanshinone IIA could decrease the number of myocardial apoptosis which caused by I/R injury. The expression of P-JAK2 and P-STAT3 increased in tanshinone IIA group compared to I/R group. The expression of P-JAK2 reduced in AG490 group. Conclusion Tanshinone IIA can reduce I/R induced myocardial apoptosis, and the protective mechanism may be related to the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway.

[Key words] Tanshinone IIA; H9c2 cells; Ischemia-reperfusion; JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway

隨著人口的老齡化,缺血性心臟?。ㄓ绕涫枪谛牟。┌l(fā)病率逐年升高,是當(dāng)今世界尤其是發(fā)展中國家致死率最高的疾病[1]。心肌缺血疾病治療的根本措施在于及時(shí)、有效的恢復(fù)缺血心肌的灌注,然而心肌缺血一定時(shí)間再恢復(fù)血流供應(yīng)后,心肌細(xì)胞功能代謝障礙及結(jié)構(gòu)破壞可出現(xiàn)未減輕反而加重的情況,即心肌缺血再灌注損傷。目前急診溶栓、經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈內(nèi)成形術(shù)等再灌注治療廣泛開展,缺血再灌注損傷成為阻礙缺血心肌從再灌注治療中獲得最佳療效的臨床亟待解決的難題。

丹參酮ⅡA 是從丹參中提取的一種脂溶性成分,具有抗缺氧、改善微循環(huán)、改善血液流變學(xué)特性、舒張冠狀動脈、減輕心肌缺血等多種藥理作用,目前已有研究證實(shí)丹參酮IIA預(yù)處理可減輕心肌缺血再灌注損傷[2]。心肌缺血再灌注損傷時(shí),多種細(xì)胞外信號被激活,均可通過Janus激酶/信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活子(janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,JAK/STAT)通路發(fā)揮作用,改變心肌缺血再灌注損傷的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)歸。JAK2/STAT3作為JAK/STAT的重要亞型,在心肌缺血再灌注損傷保護(hù)機(jī)制中具有核心作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過建立H9c2心肌細(xì)胞缺血再灌注損傷模型,進(jìn)一步研究丹參酮IIA對心肌缺血再灌注損傷的保護(hù)機(jī)制,探討其與JAK2/STAT3途徑相關(guān)機(jī)制,為心肌缺血再灌注損傷的治療提供新的依據(jù)。

1材料與方法

1.1 細(xì)胞株與主要試劑

H9c2大鼠心肌細(xì)胞株來自美國ATCC,在含10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM完全培養(yǎng)基內(nèi),5%CO2、37℃培養(yǎng)。JAK2激酶抑制劑(AG490,Calbiochem公司,美國);丹參酮IIA(雅安三九藥業(yè)有限公司提供,批號981011)。

1.2 心肌缺血再灌注模型建立及分組

按文獻(xiàn)[3]方法對H9c2細(xì)胞進(jìn)行缺血再灌注處理。配制正常臺氏液:140 mmol/L NaCl,6 mmol/L KCl,1 mmol/L MgCl2,1 mmol/L CaCl2,5 mmol/L HEPES,5.8 mmol/L葡萄糖,pH 7.4。配制缺血臺氏液:140 mmol/L NaCl,6 mmol/L KCl,1mmol/L MgCl2,1 mmol/L CaCl2,5 mmol/L HEPES,10 mmol/L D-2-脫氧葡萄糖,10 mmol/L Na2S2O4,pH 7.4。對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞,去除培養(yǎng)基,PBS洗滌后,加入正常臺氏液預(yù)培養(yǎng)1 h后制備缺血再灌注模型,加入缺血臺氏液培養(yǎng)24 h。實(shí)驗(yàn)分為對照組、缺血再灌注組、丹參酮IIA組、AG490組及丹參酮IIA+AG490組。

1.3實(shí)驗(yàn)方法及觀察指標(biāo)

①細(xì)胞損傷的測定:采用CCK-8法測定細(xì)胞存活率,H9c2細(xì)胞加入缺血臺氏液培養(yǎng)24 h后分別加入丹參酮IIA 2.5 μM,10 μM,40 μM,按照密度為2×104/孔接種至96孔板,于37℃孵育3 h后,通過酶標(biāo)儀于450 nm波長下行吸光度值測定。對照組細(xì)胞存活率設(shè)定為100%,細(xì)胞存活率=實(shí)驗(yàn)組/對照組×100%。H9c2細(xì)胞加入缺血臺氏液培養(yǎng)24 h后實(shí)驗(yàn)組分別加入丹參酮IIA 2.5 μM,10 μM,40 μM,通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡率。②H9c2細(xì)胞加入缺血臺氏液培養(yǎng)24 h后分別加入丹參酮IIA 10 μM,AG490 50 μM,丹參酮IIA 10 μM及AG490 50 μM,通過westernblot方法檢測JAK2、P-JAK2、STAT3、P-STAT3蛋白表達(dá)。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 丹參酮ⅡA抑制心肌缺血再灌注造成的細(xì)胞凋亡

2.1.1 不同濃度丹參酮IIA對細(xì)胞存活率的影響 CCK-8檢測顯示模型組細(xì)胞存活率為(78.90±5.163)%,與對照組比較具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-9.138,P=0.001);丹參酮IIA 2.5 μM組細(xì)胞存活率為(85.76±6.101)%,與模型組比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.919,P=0.091);丹參酮IIA 10 μM組細(xì)胞存活率為(90.62±2.321)%,與模型組比較具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.629,P=0.002);丹參酮IIA 40 μM組細(xì)胞存活率為(86.38±4.712)%,與模型組比較具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.393,P=0.044)。 見圖1。

3 討論

心肌缺血再灌注損傷是冠狀動脈內(nèi)溶栓、冠脈搭橋以及介入治療中常見的嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,目前仍缺乏有效防治方法,如何減輕心肌缺血再灌注損傷已經(jīng)成為缺血性心臟病研究的一大熱點(diǎn)[4]。近年來中藥減輕心肌缺血再灌注損傷的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究取得了較大進(jìn)展,丹參酮ⅡA是一種從丹參中提取的脂溶性物質(zhì),具有作用廣泛、副作用小和價(jià)格低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),目前臨床上已用于治療冠心病、心絞痛等。既往研究顯示丹參酮ⅡA對大鼠缺血性腦損傷具有保護(hù)作用[5]。丹參酮ⅡA對心肌缺血再灌注損傷是否具有保護(hù)作用及其作用機(jī)制仍缺乏相關(guān)研究。

本研究通過H9c2細(xì)胞體外培養(yǎng)并建立缺血再灌注模型從細(xì)胞水平進(jìn)行研究,觀察丹參酮ⅡA對缺血再灌注后心肌的保護(hù)作用。CCK-8及流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測均顯示,丹參酮ⅡA組相對于缺血再灌注組凋亡心肌細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯減少,提示丹參酮ⅡA對缺血再灌注心肌具有保護(hù)作用,另外保護(hù)作用具劑量依賴性,CCK-8結(jié)果提示丹參酮IIA 10 μM組存活細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加明顯。

Janus激酶/信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活子(janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,JAK/STAT)通路作為細(xì)胞因子信號傳導(dǎo)的重要途徑,廣泛參與細(xì)胞的增殖、分化、凋亡等多種生理、病理過程[6],參與改變心肌缺血再灌注損傷的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)歸[7]。研究證明,早期的再灌注損傷、鈣超載引起線體通透性轉(zhuǎn)換孔過度開放,導(dǎo)致線粒體腫脹、 外膜破裂,釋放凋亡誘導(dǎo)因子和細(xì)胞色素 C,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡分子的上調(diào),啟動細(xì)胞的凋亡和死亡級聯(lián)反應(yīng)[8-10]。JAK/STAT信號通路的激活能夠抑制凋亡,保護(hù)心肌細(xì)胞,而JAK2/STAT3是JAK/STAT通路中的重要成員之一,在心肌缺血再灌注損傷保護(hù)機(jī)制中具有核心作用[11-13]。

AG490是JAK2的特異性抑制劑,阻斷JAK2 及下游蛋白STAT3的磷酸化。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與缺血再灌注組比較,丹參酮ⅡA組能顯著誘導(dǎo)JAK2磷酸化表達(dá)增加,而AG490明顯削弱丹參酮ⅡA組所誘導(dǎo)的JAK2磷酸化,提示丹參酮ⅡA的心肌保護(hù)作用可能是通過激活JAK2通路,進(jìn)一步調(diào)節(jié)凋亡相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá),減少心肌細(xì)胞凋亡,使缺血再灌注造成的損傷得到緩解。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)仍存在不足,僅通過H9c2心肌細(xì)胞體外培養(yǎng)在細(xì)胞水平進(jìn)行研究,丹參酮ⅡA在動物水平是否具有減輕缺血再灌注損傷作用及其機(jī)制仍待進(jìn)一步研究。通過本實(shí)驗(yàn)初步表明丹參酮ⅡA可降低H9c2心肌細(xì)胞缺血再灌注引起的細(xì)胞凋亡,其保護(hù)機(jī)制可能與JAK2/STAT3信號通路有關(guān),丹參酮ⅡA可能成為治療缺血性心肌病的重要選擇。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] Mendis S,Puska P,Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control[M]. Geneva:The World Health Organization,2011:4.

[2] Zhang Y,Wei L,Sun D,et al. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment protects myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in diabetic rats[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010,12(4):316-322.

[3] Chanoit G,Lee S,Xi J,et al. Exogenous zinc protects cardiac cells from reperfusion injury by targeting mitochondrial permeability transition pore through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2008,295(3):H1227-H1233.

[4] 翟昌林,黎莉,張運(yùn),等. 丹皮酚對大鼠心肌缺血再灌注損傷保護(hù)中HMGB1 表達(dá)的影響[J]. 中華中醫(yī)藥學(xué)刊,2012,10(30):2284-2286.

[5] 何治,潘志紅,魯文紅. 丹參酮IIA對局灶性腦缺血大鼠的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用及其機(jī)制初探[J]. 中藥藥理與臨床,2009,25(5):32-34.

[6] Ma XJ,Zhang XH,Li CM,et al. Effect of postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and endothelial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J,2006; 40(6):327-333.

[7] Seidel HM,Lamb P,Rosen J. Pharmaceutical intervention in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway[J]. Oncogene,2000,19(21):2645-2656.

[8] Walters AM,Porter GA Jr,Brookes PS. Mitochondria as a drug target in ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy[J].Circ Res,2012,111(9):1222-1236.

[9] Kubli DA,Gustafsson AB. Mitochondria and mitophagy: the yin and yang of cell death control[J]. Circ Res,2012, 111(9):1208-1221.

[10] Ziegelhoffer A,Mujkosova J,F(xiàn)erko M,et al. Dual influence of spontaneous hypertension on membrane properties and ATPproduction in heart and kidney mitochondria in rat: effect of captopril andnifedipine,adaptation and dysadaptation[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2012,90(9):1311-1323.

[11] Xuan YT,Guo Y,Han H,et al. An essential role of the JAK-STAT pathway in ischemic preconditioning[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98(16):9050-9055.

[12] Hattori R,Maulik N,Otani H,et al. Role of STAT3 in ischemic preconditioning[J]. J Mol Cell Cardiol,2001,33(11):1929-1936.

[13] Goodman MD,Koch SE,Afzal MR,et al. STAT subtype specificity and ischemic preconditioning in mice:is STAT-3 enough[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2011,300(2):H522-526.

(收稿日期:2014-09-19)

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] Mendis S,Puska P,Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control[M]. Geneva:The World Health Organization,2011:4.

[2] Zhang Y,Wei L,Sun D,et al. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment protects myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in diabetic rats[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010,12(4):316-322.

[3] Chanoit G,Lee S,Xi J,et al. Exogenous zinc protects cardiac cells from reperfusion injury by targeting mitochondrial permeability transition pore through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2008,295(3):H1227-H1233.

[4] 翟昌林,黎莉,張運(yùn),等. 丹皮酚對大鼠心肌缺血再灌注損傷保護(hù)中HMGB1 表達(dá)的影響[J]. 中華中醫(yī)藥學(xué)刊,2012,10(30):2284-2286.

[5] 何治,潘志紅,魯文紅. 丹參酮IIA對局灶性腦缺血大鼠的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用及其機(jī)制初探[J]. 中藥藥理與臨床,2009,25(5):32-34.

[6] Ma XJ,Zhang XH,Li CM,et al. Effect of postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and endothelial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J,2006; 40(6):327-333.

[7] Seidel HM,Lamb P,Rosen J. Pharmaceutical intervention in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway[J]. Oncogene,2000,19(21):2645-2656.

[8] Walters AM,Porter GA Jr,Brookes PS. Mitochondria as a drug target in ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy[J].Circ Res,2012,111(9):1222-1236.

[9] Kubli DA,Gustafsson AB. Mitochondria and mitophagy: the yin and yang of cell death control[J]. Circ Res,2012, 111(9):1208-1221.

[10] Ziegelhoffer A,Mujkosova J,F(xiàn)erko M,et al. Dual influence of spontaneous hypertension on membrane properties and ATPproduction in heart and kidney mitochondria in rat: effect of captopril andnifedipine,adaptation and dysadaptation[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2012,90(9):1311-1323.

[11] Xuan YT,Guo Y,Han H,et al. An essential role of the JAK-STAT pathway in ischemic preconditioning[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98(16):9050-9055.

[12] Hattori R,Maulik N,Otani H,et al. Role of STAT3 in ischemic preconditioning[J]. J Mol Cell Cardiol,2001,33(11):1929-1936.

[13] Goodman MD,Koch SE,Afzal MR,et al. STAT subtype specificity and ischemic preconditioning in mice:is STAT-3 enough[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2011,300(2):H522-526.

(收稿日期:2014-09-19)

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] Mendis S,Puska P,Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control[M]. Geneva:The World Health Organization,2011:4.

[2] Zhang Y,Wei L,Sun D,et al. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment protects myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in diabetic rats[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010,12(4):316-322.

[3] Chanoit G,Lee S,Xi J,et al. Exogenous zinc protects cardiac cells from reperfusion injury by targeting mitochondrial permeability transition pore through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2008,295(3):H1227-H1233.

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(收稿日期:2014-09-19)