袁廷東,陳茂劍,黃文劍,何雅倩,龔權(quán)
(長江大學(xué)病原生物學(xué)部,荊州 434023)
橙皮苷對急性肝損傷模型小鼠腫瘤壞死因子-α和干擾素-γ表達(dá)的影響*
袁廷東,陳茂劍,黃文劍,何雅倩,龔權(quán)
(長江大學(xué)病原生物學(xué)部,荊州 434023)
目的 研究橙皮苷對刀豆蛋白A(Con A)致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護(hù)作用及其對腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)和干擾素-γ(IFN-γ)表達(dá)的影響。方法 72只SPF級C57BL/6雄性小鼠,隨機(jī)均分為正常對照組、模型對照組和橙皮苷組。橙皮苷組給小鼠連續(xù)灌胃橙皮苷懸濁液1 000 mg·kg-1,灌胃10 d,模型對照組灌胃等量0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉,模型對照組和橙皮苷組均用Con A誘導(dǎo)小鼠急性肝損傷模型,測定血清丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)的含量;蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色檢查肝組織病理變化,反轉(zhuǎn)錄-聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(RT-PCR)法檢測肝組織TNF-α和IFN-γ mRNA水平,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測定(ELISA)法檢測血清TNF-α和IFN-γ水平。結(jié)果 橙皮苷預(yù)處理后,與模型對照組比較,橙皮苷組ALT和AST水平顯著降低(P<0.01),肝細(xì)胞壞死及炎性細(xì)胞浸潤明顯減輕,肝組織TNF-α和IFN-γ mRNA表達(dá)明顯下調(diào)(P<0.01)。橙皮苷組血清TNF-α和IFN-γ水平2 h分別為(717.05±205.22),(611.06±92.82)pg·mL-1,6 h分別為(811.56±167.47),(786.19±215.44)pg·mL-1。橙皮苷組TNF-α和IFN-γ水平較模型對照組明顯降低(P<0.01),但Con A注射6 h,橙皮苷組TNF-α水平與模型對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 橙皮苷預(yù)處理對Con A致小鼠急性肝損傷具有保護(hù)作用,其作用機(jī)制與其抑制TNF-α和IFN-γ的表達(dá)有關(guān)。
橙皮苷;刀豆蛋白A;腫瘤壞死因子-α;干擾素-γ
橙皮苷(hesperidin,HDN)為橙皮素與蕓香糖形成的二氫黃酮苷類化合物,存在于多種植物中,在蕓香科柑桔屬植物的果皮(中藥陳皮)中含量尤其豐富。近年來研究顯示,橙皮苷具有抗氧化[1-3]、抗炎[4-5]、抗腫瘤[1,6]、抗微生物[7]以及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)作用[8]。本研究探討橙皮苷對刀豆蛋白A(concanavalin A,Con A)所致急性免疫性肝損傷的保護(hù)作用及其機(jī)制。
1.1 動物 無特定病原體(specific pathogen free,SPF)級C57BL/6小鼠72只,雄性,8周齡,體質(zhì)量(21±2)g,武漢大學(xué)動物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心提供,實(shí)驗(yàn)動物生產(chǎn)許可證號:SCXK(鄂)2008-0004。
1.2 試劑 橙皮苷(Sigma公司,批號:H5254,純度≥80%),臨用前用0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉配成100 mg·mL-1混懸液;Con A購自Sigma公司,臨用前用磷酸鹽緩沖液(phosphate buffer solution,PBS)配制成2.0 mg·mL-1溶液。丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)試劑盒購自四川邁克生物科技股份有限公司;蘇木精-伊紅(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色試劑盒購自武漢博士德生物工程有限公司;腫瘤壞死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)和干擾素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)試劑盒購自北京北方生物技術(shù)研究所;總RNA提取試劑盒購自北方天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;反轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)試劑盒購自寶生物工程(大連)有限公司。
1.3 造模及分組 將72只C57BL/6小鼠適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)1周后,數(shù)字法隨機(jī)平均分為正常對照組、模型對照組和橙皮苷組。橙皮苷組將橙皮苷混懸液以0.1 mL·(10 g)-1灌胃,模型對照組灌胃等量0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉,每天1次,連續(xù)10 d。末次給藥1 h后,橙皮苷組和模型對照組尾靜脈注射Con A 15 mg·kg-1造模,正常對照組尾靜脈注射等量PBS。分別于造模后2,6,16 h,各組隨機(jī)處死小鼠8只,采取小鼠肝臟和血清標(biāo)本。
1.4 生化指標(biāo)檢測 運(yùn)用自動生化分析儀檢測血清ALT和AST的含量;用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測定(enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay,ELISA)法檢測血清TNF-α和IFN-γ細(xì)胞因子水平。
1.5 肝臟組織病理形態(tài)學(xué)改變 取小鼠肝右葉組織,用10%中性甲醛固定后常規(guī)石蠟包埋切片,HE染色,光鏡下觀察肝臟組織形態(tài)學(xué)改變。
1.6 TNF-α mRNA和IFN-γ mRNA表達(dá)水平的測定 用總RNA提取試劑盒提取總RNA后,RT-PCR半定量法測定TNF-α mRNA和IFN-γ mRNA。β-actin引物:上游5′-CTGTCCCTGTATGCCTCTG-3′,下游5′-CATCGTACTCCTGCTTGCT-3′;TNF-α引物:上游5′-CATCTTCTCAAAATTCGAGTGACAA-3′,下游5′-TGGGAGTAGACAAGGTACAACCC-3′;IFN-γ引物:上游5′-GTGGCATAGATGTGGAAGAA-3′,下游5′-CCTCAAACTTGGCAATACTC-3′。TNF-α和IFN-γ反應(yīng)條件為94 ℃預(yù)變性5 min,94 ℃變性45 s,55 ℃(TNF-α)、52 ℃(IFN-γ)退火45 s,72 ℃延伸1 min(TNF-α)、45 s(IFN-γ),共30(TNF-α)、35(IFN-γ)個循環(huán),再72 ℃延伸5 min,10 ℃保存。PCR產(chǎn)物在1.2%瓊脂糖凝膠中電泳,用BIO-Rad凝膠成像系統(tǒng)分析電泳帶面積和吸光度值(A),目的基因TNF-α和IFN-γ與內(nèi)參照基因β-actin的比值,代表組織TNF-α和IFN-γ相對表達(dá)量。
2.1 血清ALT和AST活性 于注射Con A 16 h后處理各組小鼠,與正常對照組比較,模型對照組小鼠血清ALT和AST水平明顯升高(P<0.01);與模型對照組比較,橙皮苷組ALT和AST水平顯著降低(P<0.01)。見表1。
表1 橙皮苷預(yù)處理對小鼠血清ALT和AST的影響
2.2 肝組織病理改變 注射Con A造模16 h后處死3組小鼠,取部分肝組織制作病理切片。結(jié)果顯示:正常對照組小鼠肝組織結(jié)構(gòu)正常,肝小葉結(jié)構(gòu)清晰;模型對照組肝細(xì)胞大面積壞死,大多數(shù)肝細(xì)胞細(xì)胞質(zhì)明顯腫脹,氣球樣變,壞死區(qū)有炎性細(xì)胞浸潤,匯管區(qū)尤為明顯;橙皮苷組肝損傷較輕,肝小葉結(jié)構(gòu)基本正常,肝索排列較整齊,少量肝細(xì)胞有輕度脂肪變性。見圖1。
2.3 RT-PCR檢測肝組織IFN-γ mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表達(dá)水平 Con A注射2 h后處死各組小鼠。與正常對照組比較,模型對照組小鼠肝組織IFN-γ mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著升高(P<0.01);與模型對照組比較,橙皮苷組IFN-γ mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著降低(P<0.01)。見圖2。
2.4 血清TNF-α和IFN-γ含量 Con A注射后2 h和6 h,模型對照組血清TNF-α和IFN-γ水平顯著升高,橙皮苷組TNF-α和IFN-γ水平較模型對照組明顯降低(P<0.01),但Con A注射6 h,橙皮苷組TNF-α水平與模型對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
A.正常對照組;B.模型對照組;C.橙皮苷組;與正常對照組比較,*1F=0.229,*1P<0.01;*3F=0.709,*3P<0.01;與模型對照組比較,*2F=8.645,*2P<0.01;*4F=0.225,*4P<0.01
圖2 肝組織IFN-γ mRNA和TNF-α mRNA水平
A.normal control group;B.model control group;C.hesperidin group;Compared with normal control group,*1F=0.229,*1P<0.01;*3F=0.709,*3P<0.01;Compared with model control group,*2F=8.645,*2P<0.01;*4F=0.225,*4P<0.01
Fig.2 The mRNA levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in liver tissue
表2 橙皮苷預(yù)處理對小鼠血清TNF-α和IFN-γ的影響
Con A誘導(dǎo)的小鼠急性免疫性肝損傷模型是研究人類病毒性肝炎和自身免疫性肝炎的理想模型[9]。Th1細(xì)胞分泌的TNF-α和IFN-γ,在Con A誘導(dǎo)的肝損傷模型中發(fā)揮重要作用[10]。正常肝組織中,微弱表達(dá)的TNF-α對肝細(xì)胞無殺傷作用,還可誘導(dǎo)肝組織再生。急性肝損傷時,肝臟中TNF-α表達(dá)增加,刺激肝細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生一氧化氮,且能直接破壞內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,參與肝內(nèi)微血栓形成,導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞壞死[11];TNF-α也可通過其受體發(fā)揮作用,目前認(rèn)為TNF-αR1介導(dǎo)其主要生物學(xué)效應(yīng),TNF-α同時與肝細(xì)胞膜上TNF-αR1結(jié)合,激活細(xì)胞內(nèi)多種非溶酶體性脫氧核糖核苷酸內(nèi)切酶,將細(xì)胞內(nèi)雙鏈基因組DNA切割成寡脫氧核苷酸片段,從而誘導(dǎo)肝細(xì)胞凋亡;TNF-α還可通過激活NF-κB上調(diào)多種炎癥介質(zhì)的表達(dá),加重肝細(xì)胞的免疫性損傷[12-13]。IFN-γ是引起肝損傷的又一關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞因子,抗IFN-γ中和抗體或IFN-γ基因敲除小鼠能保護(hù)甚至免于Con A引起的肝損傷[14]。IFN-γ可通過IFN-γ/STAT1信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路影響轉(zhuǎn)錄因子如IRF-1的表達(dá),從而誘導(dǎo)肝細(xì)胞損傷,亦可通過誘導(dǎo)巨噬細(xì)胞依賴性免疫反應(yīng),增強(qiáng)NK細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒作用,介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答,從而發(fā)揮其潛在的致炎作用[15]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,橙皮苷能抑制Con A誘導(dǎo)的急性免疫性肝損傷小鼠血清ALT和AST水平的升高,顯著減輕肝細(xì)胞壞死和炎性細(xì)胞浸潤,證明橙皮苷對小鼠急性免疫性肝損傷具有保護(hù)作用。橙皮苷顯著抑制小鼠肝臟中TNF-α mRNA和IFN-γ mRNA的表達(dá)并降低血清TNF-α和IFN-γ的水平,提示橙皮苷預(yù)處理對Con A誘導(dǎo)的小鼠免疫性肝損傷的保護(hù)機(jī)制與其抑制炎性細(xì)胞因子TNF-α和IFN-γ的表達(dá)有關(guān)。
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DOI 10.3870/yydb.2015.06.003
Influence of Hesperidin on the Expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in Concanavalin A-induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice
YUAN Tingdong, CHEN Maojian, HUANG Wenjian, HE Yaqian, GONG Quan
(DepartmentofPathogenBiology,YangtzeUniversity,Jingzhou434023,China)
Objective To explore the protective effect of hesperidin pretreatment on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute liver injury and the effect on expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Methods Seventy-two SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, model control group and hesperidin group.Acute liver injury model was established by injected with Con A.The hesperidin group was treated intragastrically with 1 000 mg·kg-1hesperidin for 10 days.Model control group was treated intragastrically with the same volume of 0.5% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured.Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were observed under microscope.The expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNAs in hepatic tissue was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The contents of TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with model control group, the contents of ALT and AST in serum were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in hesperidin group.Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were markedly improved.The expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the hepatic tissues and serum were significantly downregulated (P<0.01).The concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ in hesperidin group were (717.05±205.22) and(611.06±92.82)pg·mL-1in 2 h,(811.56±167.47)and(786.19±215.44)pg·mL-1in 6 h.Compared with model control group, the expressions of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the hesperidin group were significantly downregulated (P<0.01).But there was no significant difference between hesperidin group and model control group in 6 h after treated with Con A(P>0.05). Conclusion Hesperidin pretreatment protects mice from Con A-induced acute liver injury possibly by inhibiting the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the liver of mice.
Hesperidin; Concanavalin A; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Interferon-γ
2014-05-12
2014-08-12
*國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81271872);長江大學(xué)第五批“大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃”國家級項(xiàng)目(201210489335);湖北省教育廳資助項(xiàng)目(D20121206);湖北省衛(wèi)生廳血吸蟲病防治科研項(xiàng)目(XF2012-5)
袁廷東(1991-),男,湖北宜昌人,本科在讀。電話:(0)15507162371,E-mail:tingdongy1991@163.com。
龔權(quán)(1972-),男,副教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,博士,研究方向:感染和免疫。電話:0716-8062733,E-mail:gongquan1998@163.com。
R965
A
1004-0781(2015)06-0714-04