萬(wàn)渝生, 董春艷,頡頏強(qiáng), 鄭建平, 劉守偈,馬銘株, 謝士穩(wěn),任 鵬, 孫會(huì)一, 劉敦一
(1. 中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院地質(zhì)研究所北京離子探針中心,北京 100037;2. 中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院地質(zhì)過(guò)程與礦產(chǎn)資源國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 湖北 武漢 430074)
華北克拉通古老大陸地殼組成及演化
萬(wàn)渝生1, 董春艷1,頡頏強(qiáng)1, 鄭建平2, 劉守偈1,馬銘株1, 謝士穩(wěn)1,任 鵬1, 孫會(huì)一1, 劉敦一1
(1. 中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院地質(zhì)研究所北京離子探針中心,北京 100037;2. 中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院地質(zhì)過(guò)程與礦產(chǎn)資源國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 湖北 武漢 430074)
對(duì)鞍本、冀東、魯西、陰山等早前寒武紀(jì)典型地區(qū)和深部物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了深入研究,總結(jié)了華北克拉通早期地殼形成演化歷史。揭示出鄂爾多斯地塊本身強(qiáng)烈卷入了古元古代晚期構(gòu)造熱事件。首次在華北克拉通劃分出3個(gè)>2.6 Ga古陸塊。
華北克拉通;太古宙;構(gòu)造劃分;Hf同位素
本文報(bào)道了中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局項(xiàng)目“華北克拉通太古宙早期古老陸殼物質(zhì)的尋找、鑒別和研究”等項(xiàng)目的主要成果。由中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院地質(zhì)研究所和中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(武漢)共同完成。此外,還得到國(guó)家“973”項(xiàng)目和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目資助。主要成果已在Chemical Geology, Precambrian Research, Gondwana Research, Lithos, American Journal of Science,《巖石學(xué)報(bào)》、《地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)》等國(guó)內(nèi)外刊物上發(fā)表[1-20]。一些重要成果已被地質(zhì)志采用。
(1) 鞍山-本溪地區(qū)∶①在深溝寺雜巖一個(gè)很短的剖面識(shí)別出~3 780 Ma、3 600~3 660 Ma、~3 450 Ma、3 330~3 310 Ma和~3 140 Ma等多期巖漿事件(圖1),白家墳雜巖和東山雜巖具類似特征。露頭尺度就記錄了長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)的巖漿作用,在全球范圍也十分罕見(jiàn)。研究表明,中太古代之前地殼增生以垂直方式為主;②對(duì)2.5~3.8 Ga巖石開(kāi)展了廣泛的鋯石原位高分辨率O同位素研究,表明3.8 Ga鞍山就存在殼內(nèi)再循環(huán)作用;③對(duì)亞洲最大規(guī)模的2.5 Ga正長(zhǎng)花崗巖開(kāi)展了地質(zhì)、年代學(xué)和地球化學(xué)綜合研究,它們形成于伸展構(gòu)造體制,是成熟度高的古老陸殼物質(zhì)再循環(huán)的產(chǎn)物,與該區(qū)存在長(zhǎng)期地質(zhì)演化歷史有關(guān)。
(2) 冀東地區(qū)∶在新的巖石類型角閃片麻巖和石榴黑云片麻巖中發(fā)現(xiàn)大量3.4~3.8 Ga碎屑鋯石,其Hf同位素組成揭示物源區(qū)存在多期地幔添加作用。表明冀東是我國(guó)除鞍山之外又一始太古代(>3.6 Ga)陸殼物質(zhì)分布區(qū),其深入研究有望發(fā)現(xiàn)始太古代巖石。根據(jù)最年輕碎屑鋯石和變質(zhì)鋯石年齡,限定曹莊巖系形成于2.5~3.4 Ga之間,而不是以往認(rèn)為的3.5 Ga。首次發(fā)現(xiàn)3.4 Ga巖石。
圖1 鞍山深溝寺雜巖地質(zhì)剖面和樣品位置,鋯石年齡記錄了3.1~3.8 Ga長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)的地質(zhì)過(guò)程(括號(hào)內(nèi)的in和me分別代表殘余鋯石和變質(zhì)鋯石年齡)Fig.1 Photographic mosaic showing the studied section of the Shengousi Complex, with the sample sites marked. Zircons recorded 3.1 to 3.8 Ga ages (in and me mean inherited and metamorphic zircons respectively)
(3) 魯西地區(qū)∶魯西是華北克拉通迄今所知新太古代早期和晚期深成侵入巖和表殼巖都發(fā)育的唯一地區(qū),對(duì)該區(qū)太古宙地質(zhì)演化歷史進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。①發(fā)現(xiàn)大量2.6~2.75 Ga巖石;②分辨出新太古代早期和晚期兩個(gè)不同時(shí)代的表殼巖系;③把魯西花崗綠巖帶劃分為3個(gè)巖帶;④把魯西花崗綠巖帶形成演化劃分為新太古代早期(2.6~2.75 Ga)和新太古代晚期(2.5~2.6 Ga)兩個(gè)階段;⑤在2 525 Ma左右,魯西地區(qū)構(gòu)造體制從擠壓轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯煺埂?/p>
(4) 陰山地區(qū)∶④識(shí)別出新太古代早中期(2.6~2.7 Ga)TTG巖石和古元古代中晚期(1.9~2.2 Ga)花崗質(zhì)巖石;②確定存在新太古代晚期-古元古代早期(2.47~2.51 Ga)和古元古代晚期(1.86~1.94 Ga)兩期重大構(gòu)造熱事件;③陰山地塊與孔茲巖帶和華北克拉通東部早前寒武紀(jì)基底十分類似。為從總體上認(rèn)識(shí)華北克拉通早前寒武紀(jì)地質(zhì)演化歷史提供了重要資料。
(5) 對(duì)年輕火山巖中的深源包體進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)深入的巖相學(xué)、礦物化學(xué)、巖石地球化學(xué)和鋯石U-Pb及Hf同位素研究,總結(jié)了華北克拉通深源包體提供的深部過(guò)程的大量信息。在廣泛地區(qū)鑒別出新太古代地幔添加和殼內(nèi)再循環(huán)作用及古元古代晚期構(gòu)造熱事件。
(6) 對(duì)鄂爾多斯盆地深部鉆孔的早前寒武紀(jì)變質(zhì)基底巖石樣品進(jìn)行了鋯石定年和Hf同位素分析。研究表明,與華北克拉通其他許多地區(qū)一樣,鄂爾多斯地塊本身也卷入了古元古代晚期強(qiáng)烈構(gòu)造熱事件,而不是作為太古宙陸塊與其他陸塊碰撞拼合?,F(xiàn)有涉及華北克拉通西部的構(gòu)造模型都需修改。
(7) 對(duì)各典型地區(qū)太古宙地殼形成演化及華北克拉通新太古代晚期正長(zhǎng)花崗巖和BIF鐵礦、構(gòu)造巖漿熱事件進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)總結(jié)。從太古宙巖石的鋯石年齡-Hf同位素組成關(guān)系可以看出,華北克拉通存在多期次的構(gòu)造巖漿熱事件及地幔添加和殼內(nèi)再循環(huán)作用(圖2)。結(jié)合面上工作,在華北克拉通首次劃分出3個(gè)古陸塊(>2.6 Ga),即東部古陸塊、南部古陸核和中部古陸塊(圖3)。
圖2 華北克拉通太古宙巖石的鋯石年齡-εHf(t)圖(短線:176Lu/177Hf=0.015;點(diǎn)線:176Lu/177Hf=0.01)Fig.2 εHf(t) vs. formation age diagram for zircons of Archean rocks from the North China Craton (Dotted and dashed lines represent felsic crust with 176Lu/177Hf being 0.01 and 0.015, respectively)
圖3 華北克拉通太古宙早期(>2.6 Ga)古陸塊(古陸核)分布圖(EAT. 東部古陸塊;SAT. 南部古陸塊;CAT. 中部古陸塊)Fig.3 Distribution of ancient (>2.6 Ga) terranes in the North China Craton (EAT. Eastern Ancient Terrane; SAT. Southern Ancient Terrane; CAT. Central Ancient Terrane)
華北克拉通在許多方面與全球其他典型克拉通類似,不同的是,華北克拉通遭受了新太古代晚期強(qiáng)烈構(gòu)造熱事件的疊加改造。古老陸塊區(qū)劃可作為今后一段時(shí)間華北克拉通太古宙地質(zhì)研究的工作模型,對(duì)古老物質(zhì)尋找、新太古代晚期構(gòu)造體制研究和太古宙BIF鐵礦找礦靶區(qū)確定都具有重要意義。鄂爾多斯基底研究為建立新的華北克拉通古元古代晚期構(gòu)造模型提供了可能。
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Composition and Evolution of the Ancient Basement of the North China Craton
WAN Yu-sheng1, DONG Chun-yan1, XIE Hang-qiang1, ZHENG Jian-ping2, LIU Shou-jie1,MA Ming-zhu1, XIE Shi-wen1, REN Peng1, SUN Hui-yi1, LIU Dun-yi1
(1.BeijingSHRIMPCenter,InstituteofGeology,ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences,Beijing100037,China;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofGeologicalProcessesandMineralResources,FacultyofEarthSciences,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan,Hubei430074,China)
We carried out integrated geological, geochronological and geochemical studies on typical early Precambrian areas of the North China Craton, such as Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, western Shandong and Yinshan, and synthesized the general geological records of the Archean basement relating to Archean crust formation and evolution of the North China Craton. This study also revealed that the Ordos basement was involved in a widespread late Paleoproterozoic tectono-thermal event. We defined and outlined three ancient terranes containing abundant 3.8~2.6 Ga rocks for the first time in the North China Craton, namely the Eastern Ancient Terrane, Southern Ancient Terrane and Central Ancient Terrane.
North China Craton; Archean; tectonic subdivision; Hf isotope
2015-01-17;改回日期:2015-02-10。
中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查“華北克拉通太古宙早期古老陸殼物質(zhì)的尋找、鑒別和研究(編號(hào):1212011120151)”、“華北克拉通太古宙早期陸核形成與演化(編號(hào):12120114021301)”、 國(guó)家“973”項(xiàng)目“太古宙陸殼增生與條帶狀鐵礦發(fā)育規(guī)律(編號(hào):2012CB416601)”、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“魯西花崗-綠巖帶的形成和演化:地質(zhì)、地球化學(xué)和鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb定年(編號(hào):41172127)”等項(xiàng)目聯(lián)合資助。
萬(wàn)渝生(1958—),男,博士,研究員,主要從事早前寒武紀(jì)地質(zhì)和鋯石年代學(xué)研究。Email: wanyusheng@bjshrimp.cn。
P534.2
A
2095-8706(2015)03-0001-04