高考詞匯

pollute ? vt. ? 污染

forecast ? vt. ? 預(yù)報(bào);預(yù)告

cycle ? vi. ? 騎自行車(chē)

recycle ? vt. ? 重新利用;再循環(huán)

complain ? vi. ? 抱怨;發(fā)牢騷

citizen ? n. ? 公民;市民

strength ? n. ? 力量;力氣

pollution ? n. ? 污染

protection ? n. ? 保護(hù)

chemical ? n. ? 化學(xué)藥品

campaign ? n. ? 戰(zhàn)役;活動(dòng)

process ? n. ? 進(jìn)程;過(guò)程

atmosphere ? n. ? 大氣;大氣層

evidence ? n. ? 根據(jù);證明

mask ? n. ? 面罩

carbon ? n. ? 碳

environment ? n. ? 環(huán)境

garbage ? n. ? 廢料; 垃圾

frightening ? adj. ? 嚇人的;可怕的

mass ? adj. ? 大量的;大規(guī)模的

major ? adj. ? 主要的;多數(shù)的

coastal ? adj. ? 沿海的

concerned ? adj. ? 關(guān)心的;擔(dān)心的

urgent ? adj. ? 緊急的

scary ? adj. ? 恐怖的; 嚇人的

absolutely ? adv. ? 絕對(duì)地;完全地

常用短語(yǔ)

cut down ? 砍倒

be caught in ? 突然遭遇（風(fēng)暴等）

one after another ? 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地

have a bad effect on ? 對(duì)……有壞影響

take in ? 吸收

give out ? 放出;發(fā)出

in a nutshell ? 簡(jiǎn)言之;概括地講

look through ? 瀏覽

dig up ? 挖出

protect...from/against... ? 保護(hù)……不受……的侵害

wake up to ? 認(rèn)識(shí)到;意識(shí)到;發(fā)覺(jué)

拓展詞匯

melt ? vi. ? 融化

sandstorm ? n. ? 沙塵暴

dust ? n. ? 沙塵;灰塵

nutshell ? n. ? 堅(jiān)果殼;簡(jiǎn)單的一句話

dune ? n. ? 沙丘

desertification ? n.（土地的）沙漠化

dioxide ? n. ? 二氧化物

inland ? adj. ? 內(nèi)地的;內(nèi)陸的

過(guò)渡詞匯

aerosol can ? 氣溶膠罐

學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的部分用法。

1. 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的成分：動(dòng)詞不定式屬于非限定動(dòng)詞，在句中除了不能作謂語(yǔ)外，可以充當(dāng)任何成分。

2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)主要有：

（1） 一般式（to do）：不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。

Im glad to meet you.

She invited me to attend the meeting.

（2） 進(jìn)行式（to be doing）：不定式進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

They pretended to be working hard when their boss passed them.

（3） 完成式（to have done）：不定式完成式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。

He is not likely to have got my letter.

3. 動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)態(tài)：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)形式（to be done， to have been done）。

Id like to be told whats going on.

Nothing is allowed to be taken out of the reading room.

The room was said to have been cleaned.

4. 不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：在下列情況下，不定式一般都不帶to：

（1） 使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have和感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，watch等后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。

（2） cannot but， cannot choose but和cannot help but之后的不定式一般都不帶to，常翻譯為“不得不”。

I cant but admire her courage.

I cant help but love her.

（3） 在連詞but之前如有動(dòng)詞do，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不用to，譯為“只……”。

He does nothing but complain.

There is nothing we can do but wait.

詞匯短語(yǔ)園地

1. blow ?vt. & vi. ?吹;吹動(dòng);刮

The winds blow across the sea， pushing little waves into bigger and bigger ones.

風(fēng)吹過(guò)海面，把小的波浪推向前進(jìn)，變成越來(lái)越大的波浪。

The wind has blown my hat off.

風(fēng)把我的帽子刮走了。

blow ?n. ?打;打擊;奇襲;猛攻

give sb a blow on the head ?給某人頭上一擊

2. frightening ?adj. ?嚇人的;可怕的

The frightening noise set her hair on end.

恐怖的聲音使她毛骨悚然。

The children put on strange masks and frightening clothes every Halloween.

每一年萬(wàn)圣節(jié)，孩子們戴著奇怪的面具，穿著嚇人的服裝。

frighten ?vt. ?使驚恐;使害怕

The ghost story frightened the child.

這個(gè)鬼怪故事使孩子十分驚恐。

The alarm frightened the burglar away.

警報(bào)鈴聲嚇走了竊賊。

frightened ?adj. ?受驚的;害怕的

Frightened children were calling for their mothers.

受驚的孩子們呼喊著媽媽。

A frightened hedgehog contracts its body into a ball.

一只受驚的刺猬把身體縮成一個(gè)球。

3. mass ?adj. ?大量的;大規(guī)模的

We want to promote literacy on a mass scale.

我們想大規(guī)模地提高文化水平。

mass ?n. ?大量;眾多

A great mass of snow has fallen off the roof.

從房頂?shù)粝铝艘淮髩K積雪。

A great mass of people are coming to see the exhibition.

大批人前來(lái)參觀展覽會(huì)。

4. process ?n. ?進(jìn)程;過(guò)程

Producing a dictionary is a slow process.

編寫(xiě)一本字典是一個(gè)緩慢的過(guò)程。

I started moving the china ornaments but dropped a vase in the process.

我動(dòng)手搬那些瓷制飾物，但在移動(dòng)時(shí)摔了一只花瓶。

We are in the process of selling our house.

我們正在出售自家的住宅。

5. forecast ?vt. ?預(yù)報(bào);預(yù)告

As forecasted， the storm will continue to be weakened when moving to the northwest.

預(yù)報(bào)顯示，在向西北移動(dòng)過(guò)程中，風(fēng)暴強(qiáng)度將繼續(xù)減弱。

Experts forecasted a steady rise in the number of tourists.

專家預(yù)測(cè)游客人數(shù)會(huì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。

6. concerned ?adj. ?關(guān)心的;擔(dān)心的

Concerned parents held a meeting.

憂心忡忡的家長(zhǎng)們開(kāi)了一個(gè)會(huì)。

（1） be concerned about/ with/ for/ over ?擔(dān)心，關(guān)心某事

They are very concerned with lab security.

他們很擔(dān)心實(shí)驗(yàn)室的安全問(wèn)題。

Parents are naturally concerned for their childrens safety.

父母自然關(guān)心他們兒女的安全。

Please dont be concerned about me.

請(qǐng)不要擔(dān)心我。

He was concerned over his sons financial difficulties.

他擔(dān)心他兒子的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。

（2） be concerned that... ?擔(dān)心……

She was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.

她擔(dān)心自己會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)彎的地方而迷路。

（3） be concerned with /in ?和……有關(guān);牽涉

I am not concerned with that matter any longer.

我跟那件事不再有關(guān)。

He was only indirectly concerned in what took place.

他只是間接與所發(fā)生的事有關(guān)。

7. major ?adj. ?主要的;多數(shù)的

Popular education is one of the major goals.

普及教育是主要目標(biāo)之一。

較大的;較多的;主要的;重要的;一流的;主修的

The house needs major repairs.

這幢房子需要大修。

He is a major writer.

他是位大作家。

Her major subject is chemistry.

她的主修科是化學(xué)。

8. complain ?vi. ?抱怨;發(fā)牢騷

You have no reason to complain.

你沒(méi)有理由抱怨。

I have to complain to the manager about it.

對(duì)這件事我不得不向經(jīng)理提意見(jiàn)。

She often complains that he is dishonest.

她常埋怨說(shuō)他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。

complain about/ of sth ?抱怨某事

He complained （to me） about the food.

他（向我）抱怨伙食不佳。

She complained （to me） of his rudeness.

她（跟我）抱怨他的粗魯。

9. scary ?adj. ?令人害怕的;引起驚恐的

The volcano in that country broke out. It was scary.

那個(gè)國(guó)家的火山爆發(fā)了，令人特別驚恐。

She put worms， snakes and other scary things into a pot.

她把蟲(chóng)、蛇和其他可怕的東西放到罐子里。

10. cut down ?砍倒

Tom has been asked to have the tree cut down.

有人請(qǐng)求湯姆把樹(shù)砍倒。

削減;縮短

We must cut down our expenses.

我們必須削減費(fèi)用。

The article is too long and should be cut down by half.

這篇稿子太長(zhǎng)，得砍掉一半。

11. be caught in ?突然遭遇（風(fēng)暴等）

We were caught in the storm and got drenched.

我們遇上大雨，全都被澆透了。

陷入;遇到

The frog was caught in the net.

青蛙陷在網(wǎng)里了。

If you take over Doras job， you are sure to be caught in the middle.

如果你接替多拉的工作，你一定會(huì)被搞得進(jìn)退兩難。

12. have a bad effect on ?對(duì)……有壞影響

The rain has had a very bad effect on the crops.

這場(chǎng)雨對(duì)農(nóng)作物有非常不好的影響。

The alcohol had had such a bad effect on him.

酒精對(duì)他造成了很壞的影響。

13. take in ?吸收

On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and take in the fresh air there.

周末，史密斯一家常驅(qū)車(chē)到農(nóng)村呼吸那里的新鮮空氣。

接收;收留;領(lǐng)會(huì);理解;欺騙;訂閱;訂購(gòu);改?。ㄒ路?瞧;看（見(jiàn)）;拘留;包括;涉及

The poor man had nowhere to live in， so we took him in.

那個(gè)可憐的人沒(méi)地方住，所以我們收留了他。

Please take the washing in， if it rains.

如果下雨，請(qǐng)把洗好的衣服收進(jìn)來(lái)。

Before you translate a sentence， you should first take in the meaning of the words.

動(dòng)手翻譯句子之前，首先要理解單詞的含義。

I couldnt take in why you are angry.

我無(wú)法理解你為什么生氣。

The salesman took in the old people and made them buy their poor-qualified goods.

那個(gè)推銷(xiāo)員欺騙老人，讓他們購(gòu)買(mǎi)低品質(zhì)的貨物。

Which newspaper do you take in？

你訂閱了哪種報(bào)紙？

This coat needs to be taken in a bit.

這件大衣要改小些。

His little sister wanted to go with him to take in a movie.

他的小妹妹想跟他一起去看一場(chǎng)電影。

He was taken in because he killed a man on purpose.

他因故意殺人而被拘留。

The tour takes in some famous old castles.

這趟觀光旅行包括參觀若干著名的古堡。

14. give out ?放出;發(fā)出

He gave out books. ?他分發(fā)書(shū)本。

The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.

太陽(yáng)給地球光和熱。

用盡;公布

Our food supply gave out.

我們的食物耗盡了。

The news was given out that the king had died.

國(guó)王的死訊已經(jīng)公布。

15. look through ?瀏覽;翻閱（查看）;讀（看）一遍

I looked through all the readings he had given me.

我瀏覽了他給我的所有著作。

Always look through your work before handing it in.

交作業(yè)前一定要看一遍。

看穿;透過(guò)看

We have looked through the enemys tricks.

我們已識(shí)破了敵人的種種花招。

If you look through this special glass， you can see things larger than their actual size.

如果你透過(guò)這塊特殊玻璃看東西，所見(jiàn)物體要比實(shí)物大一些。

16. dig up ?挖出;找到;發(fā)現(xiàn)

We must dig up those bushes because they are in the way.

我們必須把這些灌木挖掉，因?yàn)樗鼈兊K事。

The farmers were digging up potatoes.

農(nóng)民們?cè)谕谕炼埂?/p>

Where did you dig up the fresh evidence？

你從哪兒弄到新證據(jù)的？

We should be able to dig up enough money for your ticket.

我們應(yīng)該能夠籌集到足夠的錢(qián)供你買(mǎi)票。

17. protect...from/against... ?保護(hù)……不受……的侵害

protect against直接加名詞，意為“防范”;protect from 一般用作protect A from B，意為“使A免受B的侵害”。

Villagers planted lots of trees to protect soil from being washed away.

村民們種了許多樹(shù)防止水土流失。

He is always protecting himself from danger.

他總是保護(hù)著自己免受侵害。

He is always protecting against others.

他總是防范著別人。

protection ?n. ?保護(hù);防御

The hat will give protection against the sun.

這頂帽子可遮陽(yáng)。

under the protection of ?在……的保護(hù)下

The chicks are under the protection of the hen.

小雞們有母雞的保護(hù)。

18. wake up to ?認(rèn)識(shí)到;意識(shí)到;發(fā)覺(jué)

They should wake up to the danger they are in.

他們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到處境的危險(xiǎn)。

We must wake up to the fact that this kind of animal is in danger of dying out.

我們必須意識(shí)到這一事實(shí)，那就是這種動(dòng)物正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

The first people who gave names to hurricanes were those — the people of Puerto Rico （波多黎各）. The small island of Puerto Rico is in the West India， off the coast of Florida. This is all the hurricanes begin that strike the east of the United States. The people of Puerto Rico expect some of these unwelcome visitors every year. Each one is named after the Saints （圣者） day on which it arrives. Two of the most serious storms were the Santa Aha in 1925 and the San Ciriaca in 1899.

Giving girls names to hurricanes is a fairly new idea. It all began with a story called “storm” written by George Steward in 1941. In it a weatherman enjoyed himself by naming storms after the girls he knew. He named one Maria. The story describes how Maria grew and developed， and how she changed the lives of people when she struck the United States. Weathermen of the US Army and Navy named the hurricanes after womens names during World War II. One of their duties was to warn American ships and planes when a storm was coming. Whenever they detected （探測(cè)） one， they gave it a girls name. The first one was given a name beginning with A. The second one was given a name beginning with B. They used all the letters from A to W. This was the first list of hurricane names that followed the alphabet.

1. Where do all the hurricanes striking the east of the US come from？

A. The United States. B. Florida.

C. Puerto Rico. D. India.

2. Who first gave hurricanes girls names？

A. A weatherman. B. The writer of the passage.

C. George Steward. D. The people of Puerto Rico.

3. Which was the earliest hurricane with a girls name？

A. Maria.

B. Santa Aha.

C. San Ciriaca.

D. The US Army and Navy.

4. Why did the weathermen name the hurricanes by the alphabet？

A. To show the order of the hurricanes.

B. To judge which of the hurricanes was the strongest.

C. To celebrate their success in stopping the hurricanes.

D. To warn the ships and the planes of the arrival of the hurricanes.

選詞填空

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

blow experience sandstorm mass inland

forecast campaign process citizen damage

1. The teacher ____ that twenty of his pupils would pass the examination.

2. ____ unemployment may lead to social problems.

3. The city hall is planning to start a（n） ____ against smoking.

4. Im afraid that getting things changed will be a slow ____ .

5. Are you a（n） ____ of the Peoples Republic of China？

6. A（n） ____ kicked up while we drove through the desert.

7. We left the coast and travelled ____ to Cambridge.

8. People get tired of a man who is always____ his horn.

句子翻譯

1. 他妻子建議他把煙戒了，但他不肯。

2. 炎熱的天氣一直持續(xù)到了九月底。

3. 這位老人頭痛，這使他走路很困難。

4. 天氣太熱了，男孩們相繼跳進(jìn)河里。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. No one can prevent the plans ___ out.

A. to be carried B. from being carried

C. not to carry D. from carrying

2. Some animals have the ___ to see in the dark.

A. power B. energy

C. strength D. force

3. — Do you ?still remember the earthquake？

— Yes. I have experienced nothing ___

A. but frightened B. more frightening

C. more frightened D. but frightening

4. The writer will let me have a copy of his new book as soon as it ___ .

A. comes out B. puts out

C. gives out D. goes out

5. The business of doctors is to ___ and cure disease.

A. protect B. stop

C. prevent D. defend

6. The ___ child began to cry after he saw a ___ movie.

A. frightening; frightening B. frightening; frightened

C. frightened; frightened D. frightened; frightening

7. Jack no longer ___ a beard.

A. wears B. dresses

C. has on D. puts on

8. I have hardly enough strength ___ to move my feet.

A. leaving B. leave

C. left D. to leave

9. You are always full of ___ .Can you tell me the secret？

A. power B. strength

C. force D. energy

10. — My room gets very cold at night.

— ___ .

A. So is mine B. So mine is

C. So does mine D. So mine does

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

選詞填空

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

cycle strength eruption exchange dust

environment melt atmosphere frighten recycle

1. If you heat ice， it ____ .

2. The increasing ____ of the wind makes the bay far too dangerous.

3. We should spare no effort to beautify our ____ .

4. How do you react when you see something ____ ， such as a fire？

5. ____ of rubbish costs money and requires special equipment， but it is environmentally friendly.

6. The ____ was blown about all over the sky by the wind.

7. He caused his parents great anxiety by ____ long distances alone.

8. He is fond of the ____ of peace and calm in the country.

句子翻譯

1. 她的病對(duì)她的工作有很大影響。

2. 動(dòng)物通過(guò)飲水?dāng)z取水分。

3. 教這三個(gè)孩子是今天下午我的工作。

4. 你有什么東西（讓別人）帶給你兒子嗎？

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. The teacher told them ___ make so much noise.

A. dont B. not

C. will not D. not to

2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street， but his mother told him ___ .

A. not to B. not to do

C. not do it D. do not to

3. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never drive

C. never driving D. never drive

4. They will not allow him ___ across the enemy line.

A. to risk going B. risking to go

C. to risk to go D. risking going

5. Though he had often made his little sister ___ ， today he was made ___ by his little sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying

C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

6. — I usually go there by train.

— Why not ___ by boat for a change？

A. to try going B. try to go

C. to try to go D. try going

7. His homework needs ___ ， but it ___ .

A. correcting; neednt write

B. correct; doesnt need write

C. to correct; neednt to be rewritten

D. to be corrected; neednt be rewritten

8. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly ___ .

A. situation B. atmosphere

C. environment D. process

9. You are ___ kind to me.

A. so much B. very much

C. too much D. much too

10. The chair looks rather hard， but in fact it is very comfortable to ___ .

A. sit B. sit on

C. be sat D. be sat on

完形填空

One night， when I was eight， my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget. “Sweetie， my company wants to promote （提升） me; ? ?1 ? ， it needs me to work in Brazil. This is like your teacher telling that youve done ? ?2 ? ?and allowing you to skip a grade （跳級(jí)）， but youll have to ? ?3 ? ?your friends. Would you say yes to your teacher？” She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it. I was puzzled. The question kept me ? ?4 ? ?for the rest of the night. I had said “yes” but for the first time， I realized it was a ? ?5 ? ?decision adults had to make.

For almost four years， my mother would call us from Brazil every day. Every evening Id ? ?6 ? ?wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day. A phone call， however， could never ? ?7 ? ?her love and it was difficult not to feel ? ?8 ? ?at times.

During my fourth-grade Christmas break， we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large ? ?9 ? ?apartment， I realized how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was then that I started to ? ?10 ? ?the tough choices she had to make on ? ?11 ? ?family and work. Faced with difficult decisions， she used to tell me， you wouldnt know whether you make the right choice or not， ? ?12 ? ?you could always ? ?13 ? ?the best out of the situation， with passion and a positive attitude.

Back home， I ? ?14 ? ?myself that what my mother could do， I could， too. If she ? ?15 ? ?to live in Rio all by herself， I， too， could learn to be ? ?16 ? . I learn how to take care of myself and set high but achievable ? ?17 ? .

My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the ? ?18 ? ?has really taught me. Sacrifices （犧牲） ? ?19 ? ?in the end. The separation between us has proved to be a ? ?20 ? ?for me.

1. A. besides B. however C. otherwise D. therefore

2. A. little B. much C. well D. wrong

3. A. leave B. refuse C. contact D. forgive

4. A. studying B. sleeping C. wondering D. regretting

5. A. poor B. stupid C. wise D. difficult

6. A. anxiously B. politely C. seriously D. curiously

7. A. connect B. replace C. spread D. understand

8. A. hopeful B. lonely C. silly D. sorry

9. A. comfortable B. private C. empty D. modern

10. A. appreciate B. receive C. recall D. forget

11. A. loving B. balancing C. comparing D. mixing

12. A. and B. so C. but D. unless

13. A. make B. take C. put D. use

14. A. required B. doubted C. warned D. reminded

15. A. managed B. offered C. attempted D. expected

16. A. grateful B. free C. independent D. successful

17. A. examples B. limits C. rules D. goals

18. A. journey B. experience C. history D. teacher

19. A. paid off B. came back C. went up D. turned up

20. A. treasure B. gathering C. failure D. pleasure

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

選詞填空

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

garbage pollution strike coast urgent

effect concerned evidence major measure

1. The number of fish in ____ waters has decreased.

2. She felt very ____ for the childs safety.

3. Give me one piece of hard ____ .

4. His ____ views are contained in the works.

5. Its not ____ . We can do it next week or whenever.

6. Please dont leave your ____ in the hallway， will you？ Its attracting flies.

7. In recent times， ____ has gone from bad to worse all over the world.

8. Coal mines are ugly， and their development has a serious ____ on animal and plant life.

句子翻譯

1. 冬天，熊除了躺下睡覺(jué)什么也不干。

2. 我們目前除了等待別無(wú)選擇。

3. 另一方面，他不禁為自己的成功感到自豪。

4. 愛(ài)或被愛(ài)是人生的最大的幸福。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. — Im afraid that I cant finish the task as soon as planned.

— ___ .

A. Dont be afraid B. Dont mention it

C. Its scary D. Take your time

2. ___ his advice I am staying in bed.

A. Under B. On

C. With D. By

3. The meeting was concerned ___ the global warming， but every leader was concerned ___ interests of his own country.

A. about; with B. with; about

C. over; about D. for; in

4. They couldnt help but ___ when they ran out of their food.

A. go hungry B. to go hungry

C. to go hungrily D. go hungrily

5. Dont take the medicine. It cant help ___ rid of your cold.

A. to get B. getting

C. got D. to getting

6. They are looking forward with hope ___ from you soon.

A. of hearing B. to hearing

C. hearing D. to hear

7. — Will you have anybody ___ the flowers？

— Yes， Ill have the flowers ___ .

A. plant; planted B. to plant; planted

C. plant; to be planted D. to plant; plant

8. The problem is ___ difficult for us ___ .

A. so; to work it out B. very too; to work it out

C. rather too; to work out D. quite too; to work out

9. Dont be ___ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.

A. taken in B. taken away

C. taken out D. taken off

10. Taking too much exercise may ___ your health.That is to say， some kind of exercise will have a bad ___ on you.

A. effect; affect B. effect; effect

C. affect; affect D. affect; effect

閱讀表達(dá)（閱讀下面短文，并按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。）

There was once a man called Mr Flowers， and flowers were his only joy in life. He spent all his free time in his four glass- houses and grow flowers of every color， with long and difficult names， for competitions. He tried to grow a rose of a new color to win the cup for the Rose of the Year.

Mr Flowers glass houses were very near to a middle school. Boys of around thirteen years old were often tempted （引誘） to throw a stone or two at one of Mr Flowers glass houses. So Mr Flowers did his best to be in or near his glass houses at the beginning and end of the school day.

But it was not always possible to keep watch. Mr Flowers had tried many ways to protect his glass， but anything that he had done had not been useful. He had been to school to report to the headmaster， but this had not done any good. He had tried to drive away the boys， but the boys ran faster than he could， and they laughed at him from far away. He had even picked up all the stones that he could find around his garden so that the boys would have nothing to throw， but they soon found others.

At last， Mr Flowers came up with a good idea. He put up a large notice made of good and strong wood some meters away from the glass houses. On it he had written the words： DO NOT THROW STONES AT THIS NOTICE. After that， Mr Flowers had no further trouble. The boys were much more tempted to throw stones at the notice than at the glass houses.

1. Whats Mr Flowerss purpose of trying to grow a rose of a new color？ （no more than 10 words）

2. What were the boys nearby tempted to do？ （no more than 10 words）

3. When did Mr Flowers stay in or near his glass houses？ （no more than 10 words）

4. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us？ （no more than 10 words）

5. Why did Mr Flowers put up the wooden notice？ （no more than 10 words）

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀理解

We often hear the phrase： “Youve a greater chance of being struck by lightning.” It is used to describe something that hasnt got much chance of happening. However， the common saying undermines （掩蓋） the very real dangers of lightning. Last Friday， at least 5 people were killed by lightning in Nepal. Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths during natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year， and of those 73 people die. That means more people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes. Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time， its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters.

So to raise awareness， the US has made June 22 to 28 National Lightning Safety Week. It aims to warn the public of the dangers of lightning and provide safety tips during thunderstorms. “If you hear thunder， you are in danger from lightning，” said Rocky Lopes， a disaster educator at the American Red Cross. “Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any minute， so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until after the storm has ended. The single most important thing to remember is to seek hiding place，” Lopes said.

Summer is the high time for lightning storms， so when lightning strikes across the sky， remember these safety tips：

Stop working， fishing， swimming or playing in open fields.

If you can count less than ten seconds between a thunder and a lightning flash， take cover inside the nearest building.

Do not stand under a tree.

Get off bicycles or motorcycles.

Crouch down （蹲下） if there is no hiding place.

Avoid open spaces， wire fences， metal objects and electrical objects such as hair driers.

1. Whats the popular opinion about being struck by lightning？

A. It is impossible for people to be killed by lightning.

B. It is the most dangerous among all the natural disasters.

C. The chance for a person to be struck by lightning is very small.

D. There is a greater chance for being killed by lightning than any other natural disaster.

2. The average death rate of being struck by lightning in the US is about ___ .

A. 18% B. 50%

C. 30% D. 73%

3. Whats the safety tip when you hear thunder outside？

A. Take away the hair drier.

B. Quickly find a place to go inside.

C. Just stand by your bicycles and motorcycles.

D. Count ten seconds between a thunder and a lightning.

4. Which of the following statements is true？

A. There are on average 5 persons killed by lightening in Nepal each day.

B. The National Lightning Safety Week is made to warn the public of lightning.

C. The death rate of being stuck by lightning is much higher than by other natural disasters.

D. There are more people killed by tornadoes and hurricanes than by lightning in the US each year.

選詞填空

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

environment pollute complain scary possibility

absolutely collect protection survive similarity

1. The atmosphere of the city is much ____ .

2. They ____ that the price of books had increased.

3. Winter storms are very ____ under the sea.

4. Its difficult to cross the desert by car， but not ____ impossible.

5. The shady trees provide ____ against the burning rays of the sun.

6. The bus conductor ____ money from the passengers.

7. This ____ effect of this new factory could be disastrous.

8. One letter that has ____ through the years was written by Eleanor to Hick.

句子翻譯

1. 在冬天寒冷的白天和夜晚，火發(fā)出光和熱。

2. 他在寫(xiě)報(bào)告前把筆記瀏覽了一遍。

3. 據(jù)我了解，他的那部書(shū)還沒(méi)有出版。

4. 昨晚我去電影院看了一部嚇人的電影，太可怕了！

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. The river has become clean again as new measures are ___ to prevent it ___ .

A. taken; from polluting B. taken; from being polluted

C. taking; being polluted D. taking; to be polluted

2. It s up to you now to ___ the family business.

A. look over B. look out

C. look through D. look after

3. Two boys will go to the zoo， and ___ will all stay at home.

A. the other B. the others

C. other D. others

4. — Shall I give you a concert ticket？

— ___ . I like music very much.

A. Of course you can B. It couldnt be better

C. If you like D. Its up to you

5. You must get the work ___ today.

A. finished B. be finished

C. to be finished D. finish

6. Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears ___ everything.

A. to tell B. to be told

C. to be telling D. to have been told

7. — Can I smoke here？

— Sorry. We dont allow ___ here.

A. smoking B. to smoke

C. people smoking D. people smoke

8. Lao Wang was sent to the hospital. I had to ___ his work.

A. take away B. take on

C. take up D. take over

9. — Where should I ___ my application？

— The personnel office is the place ___ .

A. send; to send it B. send for; to send it to

C. send for; to send it D. send; to send it to

10. The play ___ next month aims mainly to show the local culture.

A. be produced B. being produced

C. to be produced D. having been produced

Dust Storms

沙塵暴

At first glance， dust storms do not seem very fascinating. Winds pick up fine particles from the ground， and then the air becomes thick with dust. What is interesting， though， is that dust storms can travel across the ocean， sometimes from continent to continent. Such dust storms are worth investigating.

乍看之下，沙塵暴似乎不怎么引人注意。地面的細(xì)沙被風(fēng)卷起，空氣中便充滿厚厚的灰塵。但有趣的是，沙塵暴能穿洋渡海，有時(shí)還能橫越大洲。這樣的沙塵暴值得我們?nèi)ズ煤醚芯恳幌隆?/p>

In April 2012， a dust storm that originated in China and Mongolia took a six-day journey across more than ten thousand kilometers of sea and open land to Arizona in the United States. The cloud was so dense that it seemed as if the sun were setting early. At least one person thought a volcano had erupted.

2012年四月，源自中國(guó)大陸及蒙古內(nèi)陸的沙塵暴，在六天中跨越了一萬(wàn)多公里的海洋與空曠陸地，最后到達(dá)美國(guó)亞利桑那州。陰云密布，就像太陽(yáng)將提早下山，有人居然以為是火山爆發(fā)了。

Although traveling dust storms are nothing new， the dust now often contains chemical or metallic substances that contribute to respiratory illnesses and damage the environment. At present， a group of researchers in Asia is studying aerosol particles and their effects on the environment—and they have plenty of dust to work with.

雖然移動(dòng)的沙塵暴沒(méi)什么稀奇，但現(xiàn)在那些沙塵通常含有引起呼吸道疾病和破壞環(huán)境的化學(xué)或金屬物質(zhì)。現(xiàn)在，亞洲有一批研究人員正在研究懸浮顆粒及其對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。他們要研究的沙塵可多著呢！

Dust storms are one of the repercussions of humans messing around with Mother Nature. Although they are a natural phenomenon， dust storms have been occurring more often， at shorter intervals， and with greater force in recent years， and human activity is the cause.

沙塵暴就是人類(lèi)任意破壞大自然所造成的后果之一。沙塵暴雖是自然現(xiàn)象，但是近年來(lái)發(fā)生的頻率卻逐漸增加，間隔的時(shí)間也愈來(lái)愈短，破壞力更強(qiáng)大了。人類(lèi)的活動(dòng)是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

It is a fact that excessive herding of animals and exploitation of grasslands are responsible for the majority of dust storms. This means that dust storms are largely a result of human actions; in other words， they are controllable.

事實(shí)上，沙塵暴形成的主要原因是過(guò)度放牧及濫墾草原，這表明沙塵暴大多是人類(lèi)活動(dòng)所致，也就是說(shuō)，它們是可加以控制的。

We seem to think， however， that economic development and preservation of the environment cannot go hand in hand. For most countries， economic development comes first， at the expense of the environment. It is high time everyone came to grips with the consequences of overusing the earths resources， including the misuse of land in the pursuit of economic wealth.

不過(guò)，我們似乎認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)無(wú)法同時(shí)兼顧。對(duì)大部分國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是第一位的，為此可以不惜以犧牲環(huán)境為代價(jià)。然而，我們已過(guò)度使用了地球的資源，包括為了追求經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮而濫用的土地，如今該是我們認(rèn)真面對(duì)這個(gè)后果的時(shí)候了。