陳兵兵,楊金會,羅桂林,畢吉利,武 娥
(1.寧夏理工學(xué)院文理學(xué)院,寧夏石嘴山 753000;2.寧夏大學(xué)天然氣轉(zhuǎn)化國家重點實驗室培育基地,寧夏銀川 750021)
黃烷酮化合物是植物體內(nèi)廣泛存在的一類天然產(chǎn)物,大部分具有生理和藥理活性[1-3]。(±)-2-甲基-5-羥基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氫-1-苯并吡喃黃烷酮(1)是 Win Nwet-Nwet等[4]從凹唇姜(Boesenbergia Pandurata)中分離到的一種苯并吡喃黃烷酮;凹唇姜大多生長在熱帶國家,如馬來西亞、緬甸、印度尼西亞等[5],已被廣泛用于中藥配方治療哮喘、腹瀉、發(fā)燒[6]等疾病,研究表明其具有抑制人胰腺癌(PANC-1)細(xì)胞的生長的活性。
本課題組一直關(guān)注黃烷酮化合物的研究[7-10],1的全合成尚未見報道。作為前期工作的繼續(xù),本文以2,4,6-三羥基苯乙酮(2)和檸檬醛為起始原料,經(jīng)環(huán)化、保護酚羥基、羥醛縮合、脫保護、催化環(huán)化等反應(yīng)以5.9%的總產(chǎn)率完成了1的全合成(Scheme 1),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-ESI-MS確證。
Scheme 1
Bruker AM-400 MHz型核核共振儀(CDCl3為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo));Bruker Ultrafle Xtreme MALDI-TOF/TOF型質(zhì)譜儀。
硅膠(200目~300目)和GF254硅膠,青島海洋化工廠;其余所用試劑均為分析純。
(1)2-甲基-6-乙酰基-5,7-二羥基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氫-1-苯并吡喃的合成(3)[11]
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入吡啶3 mL和2 1.070 g(6.0 mmol),攪拌使其溶解;加入97%檸檬醛1.000 g(6.0 mmol),回流(115 ℃)反應(yīng) 4 h。冷卻至室溫,減壓蒸除溶劑,加少量水,用乙酸乙酯(3×20 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,依次用蒸餾水和飽和食鹽水洗滌,無水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓蒸除溶劑后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[洗脫劑:A=V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(石油醚)=1∶15]純化得淡黃色油狀液體3 318.5 mg,產(chǎn)率 30%;1H NMR δ:13.77(s,1H,5-OH),8.29(s,1H,7-OH),6.61(d,J=10.0 Hz,1H,4-H),5.95(s,1H,8-H),5.38(d,J=10.0 Hz,1H,3-H),5.07(dt,J=7.0 Hz,1.6 Hz,1H,4″-H),2.67(s,3H,COCH3),2.06 ~2.14(m,2H,2″-H),1.82 ~ 1.88(m,1H,3″-H),1.73 ~ 1.69(m,1H,3″-H),1.67,1.56,1.43(s,CH3,1″,6″,7″-H);13C NMR δ:203.76(C=O),165.46(C9),159.32(C7),157.74(C5),132.10(C5″),123.76(C3),123.20(C4″),117.11(C4),105.72(C6),102.23(C10),95.91(C8),81.08(C2),41.60(C2″),33.04(C7″),26.68(C1″),25.67(CH3),23.15(C6″),17.64(C3″);HR-ESI-MSm/z:Calcd for C18H22O4{[M+Na]+}325.141 0,found 325.140 9。
(2)2-甲基-6-乙酰基-5-羥基-7-甲氧甲氧基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氫-1-苯并吡喃的合成(4)[7]
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入干燥丙酮20 mL和3 723 mg(2.4 mmol),攪拌使其溶解;劇烈攪拌下加入無水碳酸鉀400 mg(2.87 mmol),回流反應(yīng)10 min;緩慢滴加氯甲基甲基醚(MOMCl)230 mg(2.87 mmol),滴畢,反應(yīng) 30 min。冷卻至室溫,減壓蒸除溶劑,加少量水,用乙酸乙酯(3×20 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,依次用蒸餾水和飽和食鹽水洗滌,無水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓蒸除溶劑后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶5)純化得紅棕色油狀液體 4 605.5 mg,產(chǎn)率 90%;1H NMR δ:13.62(s,1H,5-OH),6.58(d,J=10.4 Hz,1H,4-H),6.10(s,1H,8-H),5.33(d,J=9.6 Hz,1H,3-H),5.11(s,2H,OCH2),5.01 ~ 5.04(dt,J=7.0 Hz,1.6 Hz,1H,4″-H),3.39(s,3H,OCH3),2.59(s,3H,COCH3),2.01 ~2.11(m,2H,2″-H),1.80 ~1.61(m,2H,3″-H),1.76,1.46,1.40(s,CH3,1″,6″,7″-H);13C NMR δ:202.88(C=O),165.86(C9),158.27(C7),156.43(C5),131.63(C5″),123.63(C3),123.21(C4″),116.97(C4),106.14(C6),102.75(C10),94.20(C8),94.02(OCH2),80.53(C2),56.16(OCH3),41.33(C2″),33.01(C7″),26.34(C1″),25.41(CH3),22.95(C6″),17.34(C3″);HR-ESIMSm/z:Calcd for C20H26O5{[M+Na]+}369.167 2,found 369.165 9。
(3)2-甲基-5-羥基-7-甲氧甲氧基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氫-1-苯并吡喃查爾酮(5)的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入乙醇1.5 mL,4 92 mg(0.3 mmol)和苯甲醛 40 mg(0.36 mmol),攪拌使其溶解;于0℃緩慢加入氫氧化鉀1.01 g(18 mmol)和60%乙醇6.7 mL,氮氣保護下反應(yīng)1 h。自然升至室溫,反應(yīng)24 h。于0℃用3 mol·L-1鹽酸調(diào)至pH<3,用乙酸乙酯(3×20 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,依次用蒸餾水和飽和食鹽水洗滌,無水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓蒸去溶劑后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶3)純化得紅棕色油狀液體5 76 mg,產(chǎn)率 70%;1H NMR δ:14.01(s,1H,5-OH),8.09(d,J=15.6 Hz,1H,α-H),7.77(d,J=15.6 Hz,1H,β-H),7.39 ~ 7.60(m,5H,ArH),6.66(d,J=10.1 Hz,1H,4-H),6.24(s,1H,8-H),5.45(d,J=10.1 Hz,1H,3-H),5.20(s,2H,OCH2),5.08(dt,J=7.1 Hz,1.6 Hz,1H,4″-H),3.49(s,3H,OCH3),2.02 ~2.67(m,2H,2″-H),1.86 ~1.71(m,2H,3″-H),1.66,1.47,1.45(s,CH3,1″,6″,7″-H);13C NMR δ:193.09(C=O),167.80(C1'),166.96(C9),158.77(C7),156.26(C5),142,50(Cβ),135.63(C3'),132.47(C5'),131.04(C5″),130.24(C2'),129.00(C6'),128.43(C3),127.61(C4″),123.70(C4'),117.36(C4),106.91(C6),103.39(C10),95.18(C8),94.39(OCH2),80.77(C2),71.90(Cα),56.64(OCH3),41.55(C2″),27.83(C7″),25.76(C1″),23.12(C6″),19.28(C3″);HR-ESI-MSm/z:Calcd for C27H30O5{[M+Na]+}457.198 6,found 457.198 5。
(4)2-甲基-7-二羥基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氫-1-苯并吡喃查爾酮(6)的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入甲醇2 mL和5 70.1 mg(0.17 mmol),攪拌使其溶解;加入陽離子交換樹脂(Dowex-50X2)53.2 mg,于50 ℃反應(yīng)36 h(TLC跟蹤)。過濾,濾液加少量水,用乙酸乙酯(3×20 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,依次用蒸餾水和飽和食鹽水洗滌,無水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓蒸除溶劑后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶5)純化得淡黃色油狀液體 6 21.2 mg,產(chǎn)率 78%;1H NMR δ:14.12(s,1H,5-OH),8.08(d,J=15.6 Hz,1H,α-H),7.76(d,J=15.6 Hz,1H,β-H),7.42 ~ 7.38(m,5H,ArH),6.63(d,J=10.1 Hz,1H,4-H),6.20(s,1H,7-OH),6.06(s,1H,8-H),5.45(d,J=9.9 Hz,1H,3-H),5.08 ~5.10(dt,J=7.1 Hz,1.7 Hz,1H,4″-H),2.10 ~2.14(m,2H,2″-H),1.92 ~1.73(m,2H,3″-H),1.63,1.52,1.51(s,CH3,1″,6″,7″-H);HR-ESI-MSm/z:Calcd for C25H26O4{[M+Na]+}391.190 0,found 391.190 2。
(5)1的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入乙醇1.5 mL和6 21.2 mg(0.054 mmol),攪拌使其溶解;加入無水醋酸鈉52.6 mg(0.64 mmol)和一滴水,回流(80 ℃)反應(yīng)1.5 h。冷卻至室溫,加少量水,用乙酸乙酯(3×20 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,依次用蒸餾水和飽和食鹽水洗滌,無水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓蒸除溶劑后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶1)純化得無色油狀液體 1 4.1 mg,產(chǎn)率 40%;1H NMR δ:12.30(s,1H,5-OH),7.46 ~ 7.40(m,5H,ArH),6.66(d,J=10.0 Hz,1H,4-H),6.00(s,1H,10-H),5.44(d,J=10.0 Hz,1H,3-H),5.42(dd,J=2.7 Hz,17.1 Hz,1H,8-H),5.08(dt,J=7.0 Hz,1.6 Hz,1H,4″-H),3.02 ~ 3.11(dd,J=12.8 Hz,17.1 Hz,1H,7-Hax),2.79 ~2.85(dd,J=3.2 Hz,17.5 Hz,1H,7-Heq),2.08(m,2H,3″-H),1.71(m,1H,2″-H),1.65(s,3H,6″-H),1.57(s,3H,7″-H),1.41(s,3H,1″-H);13C NMR δ:195.70(C6),162.50(C9a),162.40(C10a),158.90(C5),138.50(C1'),132.10(C4″),128.99(C3',5'),126.30(C2',6'),126.20(C4'),125.20(C3),123.85(C3″),115.90(C4),102.90(C4a),102.80(C5a),96.20(C10),80.99(C2),79.10(C8),43.50(C7),41.86(C1″),27.30(C2),25.70(C5″),22.75(C2″),17.80(C6″);HR-ESI-MSm/z:Calcd for C25H26O4{[M+Na]+}391.190 0,found 391.190 4。
以廉價的2與檸檬醛為起始原料,在無水吡啶溶液中發(fā)生分子間環(huán)化反應(yīng)以30%的產(chǎn)率制得中間體3;3在K2CO3作用下與MOMCl反應(yīng)以90%的產(chǎn)率制得4;在氮氣保護下,4與苯甲醛在氫氧化鉀的乙醇溶液中反應(yīng)以70%的產(chǎn)率制得查耳酮5;5在強酸性陽離子樹脂(Dowex-50X2)的甲醇溶液中脫除保護基以78%的產(chǎn)率制得6;6在醋酸鈉的乙醇溶液中發(fā)生環(huán)化反應(yīng)以80%的產(chǎn)率獲得1和副產(chǎn)物7(比例為1/1)。
2與檸檬醛在無水吡啶的催化下生成3時有大量副產(chǎn)物8和9生成[11](Chart 1),通過對反應(yīng)時間的考察發(fā)現(xiàn),反應(yīng)時間延長有利于8和9的生成,在8 h時趨于平衡且最佳產(chǎn)率約為50%,而在4 h時產(chǎn)率最佳為30%,之后隨時間延長產(chǎn)率降低。
Chart 1
本課題組[8]曾報道過C-6和C-8位異戊烯基黃烷酮的合成,5若在醋酸鈉的乙醇溶液中反應(yīng)將得到C-8黃烷酮,而本文目標(biāo)分子1為C-6黃烷酮,因此1的合成應(yīng)先脫保護基再環(huán)化;用經(jīng)典的鹽酸的甲醇溶液脫除5的保護基時產(chǎn)率低、拖尾嚴(yán)重,而用強酸性陽離子樹脂(Dowex-50X2)脫除時反應(yīng)條件溫和,對原料無影響且產(chǎn)率高。
綜上所述,本文以廉價易得的原料完成了天然產(chǎn)物(±)-2-甲基-5-羥基-2-(4'-甲基-3'-戊烯基)-二氫-1-苯并吡喃黃烷酮的全合成,表征數(shù)據(jù)與文獻一致[4]。
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