莫芳蕊
with復合結(jié)構(gòu)是高中教材的重難點,歷來也是高考的高頻考點,我們首先來看一下近年來湖北英語高考原題及仿真題:
1. (2014年湖北重點高中聯(lián)考)The TV entertainment program, The Voice of China, enjoys great popularity, with a large audience ____in its live show.
綜藝節(jié)目《中國好聲音》很受歡迎,很多觀眾沉浸在現(xiàn)場表演中。
答案:lost
2. (2012年湖北卷)With_____, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
由于越來越多的森林被砍伐,一些動物正面臨著滅絕的危險。
答案:more and more forests/trees (being) cut down
3. (2011年湖北卷)____________(把鑰匙握在手上),he looked for them everywhere.
他把鑰匙握在手上,四處尋找他們。
答案:With the keys held in his hand
這三道題都是考查with復合結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)在近十年來全國各地高考中多次出現(xiàn)。例如:
1.(2012年海南卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather_____.
A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit
答案:A
2.(2009年全國新課標卷I)Now that weve disc-ussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ____?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
答案:C
3. (2008年福建卷)You have no idea how she finished the race ____ her foot wounded so much.
A. for B. when C. with D. while
答案:C
with復合結(jié)構(gòu)是高中階段英語語法的一個難點。正確使用此結(jié)構(gòu),不但可以使句子簡潔明了,還可以增強語言表現(xiàn)力。下面就with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成及功能進行簡要回顧,并就考生常犯的錯誤進行點撥。
with復合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成及功能
1. with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行)
With the expense of living rising sharply nowadays, many newly-married couples cant afford a house of their own without their parentsaid. 隨著生活成本的攀升,許多新婚夫妻若沒有父母的幫助則無法支付一套屬于自己的房子的費用。(做原因狀語)
2. with+賓語+過去分詞(過去分詞表示被動完成)
The plane was flying smoothly, with every passenger fastened to safety belt.飛機平穩(wěn)飛行,每位乘客都系著安全帶。(做方式狀語)
It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished. 遺憾的是,那位大作家去世了,留下了未完成的作品。(做結(jié)果狀語)
3. with+賓語+to do(動詞不定式表示將要做的動作)
With a lot of work to do, the president is having a hard time. 有許多事情亟待解決,總統(tǒng)的處境十分艱難。(做原因狀語)
4. with+賓語+形容詞(表示狀態(tài))
The students raised their heads with eyes full of curiosity. 學生們抬起頭,眼里充滿好奇。(做伴隨狀語)
5.with+賓語+副詞(表示狀態(tài))
The son of the vegetable-seller was doing his homework on the street attentively with all the noise on. 盡管街上嘈雜不斷,菜販的兒子仍然專心地做作業(yè)。(做伴隨狀語)
6.with+賓語+介詞短語(表示狀態(tài))
We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us. 沒有周圍的動物和植物,人類就無法生存。(做條件狀語)
7. with+賓語+名詞(表示狀態(tài))
Her parents died of the car accident with herself an orphan. 她的父母死于意外車禍,她成了孤兒。(做結(jié)果狀語)
避開解題陷阱
在with復合結(jié)構(gòu)中,對非謂語動詞的考查是高考中最常見的,對此我們可以這樣考慮:with sth doing表示主動,with sth done表示被動,with sth to do表示動作將要發(fā)生,考生只要弄清楚邏輯主語,就可以做出正確判斷。接下來結(jié)合具體考題談談考生最容易走入的四大解題陷阱。
問題1:辨析doing和done
例1 (2014年武漢重點中學一模)When Lisa stood before the audience, she felt very uneasy with _______ her.
當莉薩站在觀眾面前的時候,由于所有人的目光都聚集在她的身上,讓她感到很不自在。
學生錯解:all (the) eyes focusing on
正確答案:all (the) eyes focused on
答案解析:這道題的得分率很低,因為考生往往是從漢語的角度理解,沒有根據(jù)地道的英語表達來做題。許多考生認為,“所有人的目光都聚集在她的身上”,這不是一個主動句嗎?為什么答案是all (the) eyes focused on,用被動了呢?其實,表示主動還是被動,這要看非謂語動詞和邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系,而不要被漢語思維束縛。本題的邏輯主語eyes和非謂語動詞focus是被動關(guān)系,因為我們說focus ones eyes on sb/sth,所以正確答案應為all (the) eyes focused on。
例2 (2014年湖北省重點高中模擬)With _____, his family continues to support him in every way.
他的夢想實現(xiàn)了,他的家庭繼續(xù)在各個方面支持他。
學生錯解:his dream come true
正確答案:his dream coming true
答案解析:考生在做題時易受漢語思維影響,實現(xiàn)夢想,很多考生理解為“夢想被實現(xiàn)”,所以就出現(xiàn)了his dream come true這種錯誤答案。come true是一個不及物動詞短語,是沒有被動語態(tài)的,我們說“他的夢想實現(xiàn)了”,英語表達為His dream came/comes true.
鞏固練習
1.With a government health warning ________cigarette packets, smokers have to think twice when they are to light a cigarette. (attach)
煙盒上附著政府的健康警告,抽煙者在即將點燃一支煙時,不得不三思。
2. I showed him a map of China in the Ming Dynasty _______on it. (draw)
我給他看了一張明朝時的中國地圖,所有的邊界都畫在上面。
答案:1. attached to 2. with all boundaries drawn
問題2:辨析doing和to do
例3 With the newly-elected president ________, most Americans think that things will change for the better. (come)
隨著新總統(tǒng)上臺,大多數(shù)美國人都認為事情會往好的方向發(fā)展。
學生錯解:to come to power
正確答案:coming into/to power
答案解析:審題是做題的第一步,但這也是最容易被考生忽略的地方。譬如此題“隨著新總統(tǒng)上臺”,題意是總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)上臺了,可考生認為是即將上臺,錯寫成to come to power。
例4 (2015年湖北省宜昌適應考) With the population increasing in this city, it is suggested that a new water supply plant be built up, with the government ____. (provide)
由于人口不斷增長,大家建議在這個城市建一個新的供水廠,資金將由政府提供。
學生錯解:providing money/fund (for it)
正確答案:to provide money/fund (for it)
答案解析:題目的意思是在這個城市建一個新的供水廠,這只是一個建議,供水廠尚未建設,所以資金還沒有到位??忌睦斫馐?,資金由政府提供,providing money/ fund (for it)指資金已經(jīng)到位了,且正在進行,而to provide money/fund (for it)指資金沒有到位。所以意思判斷明了后,考生要弄清楚to do和doing的區(qū)別。
鞏固練習
1. With lots of old houses ______and new buildings going up, out city is taking on a quite new look. (tear)
隨著大量舊房子的拆除和新房子的建立,我們的城市正呈現(xiàn)出嶄新的面貌。
2. With ________, she found herself in a desperate situation then. (turn)
沒有人可讓她求助,她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己當時陷入了絕境。
答案:1. (being) torn down 2. no one / nobody to turn to
問題3:錯把形容詞當動詞
例5 (2014年湖北省孝感第一次統(tǒng)考)With _____, the board cannot make the final decision. (absent)
由于有幾名成員缺席會議,董事會無法做出最終決定。
學生錯解:Several members being absent from the meeting/ Several members absenting from the meeting
正確答案:Several members absent from the meeting
答案解析:首先結(jié)合上文來復習一下復合賓語為形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu):The students raised their heads with eyes full of curiosity. 學生們抬起頭,眼里充滿好奇。這個結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞前沒有加being,形容詞直接接在with賓語之后。此題考生把absent當作動詞,屬于對單詞詞性掌握不扎實。
鞏固練習
With a lot of VIPs from overseas __________, the annual meeting attracted a lot of media and journalists. (present)
有很多來自海外的重要人物與會,這個年會吸引了不少媒體和記者。
答案:present at the meeting
問題4:遺漏介詞
例6 (2015年荊門模擬)With ____, some students feel at loss when filling out college application. (choose)
在填報大學入學志愿時,由于有許多大學可供選擇,很多學生感覺不知所措。
學生錯解:many colleges / universities to choose
正確答案:many colleges / universities to choose from
答案解析:本題題意為choose one from many colleges / universities,但是不少考生理不清這層關(guān)系,可以溫習類似的句型加深體會,例如In Walmart , we have a lot of goods to choose from. In the shoe shop, there are a lot of shoes to choose from.
鞏固練習
With ____________________, he decided to live a cozy life.( live)
答案:a large house to live in