廖英

各省份的高考試題中，作文占有重要地位，但這一板塊得分懸殊，有的考生可以拿滿分，有的則為十幾分，有的甚至是零分。實(shí)際上，影響作文得分的主要因素有三個(gè)：卷面干凈整潔、要點(diǎn)全面、詞匯表達(dá)豐富而準(zhǔn)確。接下來(lái)，我們就來(lái)看看如何從一輪復(fù)習(xí)的常規(guī)復(fù)習(xí)資料——課本入手，讓我們?cè)谶^(guò)詞匯、語(yǔ)法關(guān)的同時(shí)，也能有效地提升自己的寫作能力。

結(jié)合Reading，讀中促寫、讀中悟?qū)?/p>

閱讀是輸入，寫作是輸出，讀寫結(jié)合是用輸入帶動(dòng)輸出的有效方式。推薦同學(xué)們使用以下4種方法：

1. 誦讀/背誦

學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，不可以“理”代悟。誦讀、背誦看似簡(jiǎn)單、死板，沒(méi)什么技術(shù)含量，卻可以引導(dǎo)我們從感性上和整體上去認(rèn)識(shí)、體驗(yàn)、消化、吸收佳作的精髓，為寫作積累靈感和素材。在一輪復(fù)習(xí)中，高中三年的課本往往是主要復(fù)習(xí)材料，教材可作為語(yǔ)言積累的原材料、語(yǔ)篇分析好素材和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的活載體，有許多我們可以借鑒學(xué)習(xí)之處。例如人教版必修1第四單元的文本A night the earth didnt sleep，從標(biāo)題、銜接、表達(dá)方面都有很多值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的地方，大家就可以通過(guò)大量誦讀和背誦來(lái)充分感悟和積累。

2. 縮寫

縮寫要求我們刪繁就簡(jiǎn)地表達(dá)文本的主干信息。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們不僅內(nèi)化了文本信息，也進(jìn)一步讓自己的表達(dá)能力得到了鍛練。例如，必修3第4單元的How life began on the earth是一篇說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)縮寫，我們一方面可以截取重要信息，從而更好地把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以在這個(gè)過(guò)程中大量練習(xí)本單元的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目（名詞性從句）。比如，我們可以這樣縮寫這篇文章：

How life came into being is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists find it hard to solve. As is explained in a widely accepted theory， the universe began with a big bang that threw matters in all directions and remained a cloud of dust for the following years. What the future may have in store for the earth was uncertain until it settled into a solid globe which exploded in time to produce atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down， water began to appear on the surface. Water， which seems so simple， is what makes life possible. The continued presence of water makes it possible to dissolve harmful gases， thus producing a chain reaction and boosting life to develop.

3. 仿寫

針對(duì)單元閱讀文本，我們要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用好五度審美：

（1）標(biāo)題立意美。學(xué)會(huì)圖文結(jié)合，解讀標(biāo)題；

（2）篇章結(jié)構(gòu)美。學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)別文體，精煉提綱；

（3）超級(jí)鏈接美。學(xué)會(huì)確定段意，銜接過(guò)渡；

（4）內(nèi)涵深韻美。學(xué)會(huì)深層理解，領(lǐng)悟內(nèi)涵；

（5）好詞佳句美。學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)言賞析，積累優(yōu)質(zhì)表達(dá)。例如，在必修1第三單元的閱讀文本Journey down the Mekong中，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的好詞佳句，便可仿寫相似的游記類作文，并練習(xí)替代詞匯的使用。

My Journey to the West

Ever since childhood I have loved（have been fond of） the book Journey to the West. After leaving（graduating from） college， I determined to take my journey to the west with my good friends. My parents were concerned about（cared about）me. They thought that we couldnt forecast what would happen. They advised（tried to persuade）me to give up my plan （change my mind）. But I was determined. I told them that I could make use of this chance to recognize my strengths and weaknesses（shortcomings）. Besides， I have taken out insurance to cover any problems. At last（Finally） they had to change their attitude（give in）. We have made our plan（schedule）carefully. We like cycling better than（prefer cycling to） driving. The problem（disadvantage） of traveling by bike is that we cant take a large parcel.

4. 拓寫

2016年湖北高考將開始采用全國(guó)卷。全國(guó)卷與湖北卷差異較大的一個(gè)題型便是作文。全國(guó)卷考題作文多為應(yīng)用文，如書信、廣告、看圖描述類，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)在日常生活中的工具性。所以，在一輪復(fù)習(xí)中，我們可以結(jié)合單元文本穿插進(jìn)行一些應(yīng)用文的寫作訓(xùn)練。例如，必修6第五單元The Power of Nature的閱讀文本是一位火山學(xué)家對(duì)其日常工作的介紹，我們可以結(jié)合職業(yè)這個(gè)話題來(lái)進(jìn)行求職信的寫作訓(xùn)練。

假設(shè)你的名字叫李華，今年18歲，想利用暑假打工，你在報(bào)紙上看到了某咖啡廳的招聘廣告。請(qǐng)根據(jù)報(bào)紙內(nèi)容寫一封120～150字的求職信。

在寫作過(guò)程中，我們需要明確求職信這種體裁的特點(diǎn)。求職信所用的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該相對(duì)正式，在寫作過(guò)程中一定要注意用詞簡(jiǎn)潔準(zhǔn)確，語(yǔ)氣禮貌而又自信。此外，求職信一般包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：首先闡述清楚招聘信息的來(lái)源，以及所申請(qǐng)的職位；其次簡(jiǎn)述個(gè)人信息；然后進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的能力，表達(dá)抱負(fù)，并請(qǐng)求給予面試機(jī)會(huì)。

Dear Sir，

I would like to apply for the position of a part-time waiter， as was advertised in the newspaper. I am eighteen-year-old student studying at Senior High school.

As the summer vacation is approaching， I hope to get a job to help me to gain some social experience as well as enrich my life. Im available during the week so I have enough time for the work. I once worked as a waiter for three months in a fast-food restaurant in my spare time， and Im sure the working experience will qualify me for the position.

I am outgoing， friendly as well as helpful， which I think will help me a lot in dealing with different customers. Besides， I can play the piano and it can surely build up a warmer and more friendly atmosphere. I would be available for an interview at any time and I am looking forward to your reply.

yours，

Li Hua

結(jié)合Grammar， 用中促寫

語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)要在真實(shí)的語(yǔ)境中，以情景為載體，培養(yǎng)我們的語(yǔ)法意識(shí)，感知語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性。例如，必修2第4單元的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，單元話題是野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)。通過(guò)下面的語(yǔ)篇填詞操練，我們不僅可以更好地在語(yǔ)境中感知現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的功能和用法，也可以熟悉野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)這一話題的相關(guān)詞匯和表達(dá)方式。

Pandas are the mascot of WWF and are being protected （protect） both by WWF and the Chinese government. However， they are not the only animals in danger. Other endangered species are being discovered （discover） in China by WWF on a regular basis. One example is the porpoise （江豚） in the Yangtze River. They are now being studied （now study） as their numbers decrease. Another is the tiger in Northeast China， which is being observed （observe） because it is almost extinct.

Over the years WWF has won many prizes for its work， but now it will be given the task of presenting prizes of its own. Prizes will be given to the organizations that protect wildlife well. People in the world are being encouraged （encourage） to give more importance to wildlife.