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毛細(xì)管電泳法測定化妝品中的煙酸和煙酰胺

2015-06-23 13:56王麗娟劉惠濤
關(guān)鍵詞:煙酰胺煙酸超純水

亓 慧,王麗娟,欒 鋒,劉惠濤

(煙臺大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,山東煙臺264005)

應(yīng)用技術(shù)

毛細(xì)管電泳法測定化妝品中的煙酸和煙酰胺

亓 慧,王麗娟,欒 鋒,劉惠濤

(煙臺大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,山東煙臺264005)

建立了一種測定化妝品中煙酸和煙酰胺的毛細(xì)管電泳法,成功應(yīng)用于面霜、乳液和化妝水的檢測.樣品中的待測物直接用水提取進(jìn)行檢測,以60 cm(有效長度為50.5 cm) ×75 μm的熔融石英毛細(xì)管為分離通道,紫外檢測波長210 nm,30 mbar壓力下進(jìn)樣5 s.電泳分離條件為:10 mmol/L磷酸氫二鈉溶液,pH值9.2,運(yùn)行電壓25 kV,溫度25℃.2種物質(zhì)在7 min內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)完全分離.煙酸和煙酰胺分別在1~200 μg/mL和5~500 μg/mL范圍內(nèi)峰面積與濃度呈良好的線性關(guān)系,線性相關(guān)系數(shù)R>0.999.煙酸和煙酰胺的檢測限分別為0.35 μg/mL、0.67 μg/mL,加標(biāo)回收率在97.9%~107.7%,相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差RSD≤4.5%.該方法具有分離速度快、操作簡便、分析時(shí)間短、成本低、環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)點(diǎn).

化妝品;毛細(xì)管電泳;煙酸;煙酰胺

煙酸(NA,尼克酸)和煙酰胺(NAM,煙堿酰胺或尼克酰胺)統(tǒng)稱為維生素B3且均為水溶性維生素.煙酰胺是一種有效且耐受性良好的抗氧化劑,它有助于改善皮膚表面油脂的分泌、減少皮表水分的流失,還可以抑制黑色素的產(chǎn)生、減少色素沉著[1].研究表明,煙酰胺具有去黃、除皺、祛斑等功效且可以有效改善皮膚狀況[2-4].煙酸也因具有美白、除皺、抗炎等功能應(yīng)用于化妝品中.煙酸和煙酰胺在化妝品中的推薦含量一般為0.5%~2.0%.

煙酸和煙酰胺的檢測方法有HPLC[5-6]、CE[7-9]、流動注射法[10]、LC-MS[11-12]、容量分析[13]、微生物分析[14]、離子色譜法[15-16]、熒光分析[17]和K?nig反應(yīng)[18],主要用于食品、血漿和尿液的分析檢測.化妝品中煙酸和煙酰胺的分析方法有HPLC[19-22]和膠束毛細(xì)管電泳(MEKC)[23].GB/T 29664—2013[24]中用高效液相色譜法檢測化妝品中的煙酸和煙酰胺,但其樣品處理方法復(fù)雜,萃取后需過固相萃取柱,且其色譜柱為SB-Ap柱.本研究所建立的毛細(xì)管電泳法(Capillary Electrophoresis,CE)操作簡單,準(zhǔn)確度高,是檢測化妝品中煙酸和煙酰胺的有效方法.

1 實(shí)驗(yàn)

1.1 儀器設(shè)備

CAPEL 105型毛細(xì)管電泳儀(俄羅斯LUMEX公司);色譜工作站為Chrom&Spec software for chromatography,vertion 1.5x;石英毛細(xì)管柱60 cm×75 μm i.d.,有效長度50.5 cm(俄羅斯LUMEX公司);STARTER 3100 pH計(jì)(上海奧豪斯儀器有限公司);KQ5200E型超聲波清洗器(昆山市超聲儀器有限公司).

1.2 試劑與材料

煙酸和煙酰胺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品(購自于AccuStandard Inc (New Haven,USA));乙腈、甲醇、丙酮均為市售色譜純;硼砂、氫氧化鈉、磷酸、磷酸二氫鈉、磷酸氫二鈉均為分析純.不同品牌的化妝品樣品(乳液A,乳液B,面霜和化妝水)購自當(dāng)?shù)爻?實(shí)驗(yàn)用水均為超純水.

1.3 電泳條件

采用壓力進(jìn)樣方式,在30 mbar下進(jìn)樣5 s,分離電壓25 kV,檢測波長210 nm.背景電解質(zhì)溶液以10 mmol/L的磷酸氫二鈉制備.新毛細(xì)管使用前用超純水沖洗10 min,0.5 mol/L氫氧化鈉溶液沖洗40 min,超純水沖洗10 min.每天毛細(xì)管首次使用前用超純水沖洗5 min,0.2 mol/L氫氧化鈉溶液沖洗20 min,超純水沖洗5 min,運(yùn)行緩沖液沖洗10 min,每兩次運(yùn)行之間用超純水沖洗1 min,運(yùn)行緩沖液沖洗10 min.所用溶液均經(jīng)0.45 μm濾膜過濾.

1.4 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液和樣品制備

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制備:先將煙酸和煙酰胺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品用超純水分別配制成1 000 μg/mL的儲備液.混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用液由儲備液混合并稀釋相應(yīng)的倍數(shù)制得.所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液于避光4℃下可穩(wěn)定保存一個(gè)月.

樣品制備:分別稱取3.3 g乳液A、0.3 g乳液B和0.3 g面霜于3個(gè)100 mL的容量瓶中,用超純水定容.超聲30 min,5 000 r/min離心20 min.取出上清液,經(jīng)0.45 μm有機(jī)膜過濾后分析測定.稱取0.3 g化妝水于500 mL容量瓶中,用超純水定容,0.45 μm有機(jī)膜過濾分析測定.

2 結(jié)果與討論

2.1 CE條件的優(yōu)化

2.1.1 最佳吸收波長的選擇在190~400 nm范圍內(nèi)分別對煙酸和煙酰胺的水溶液進(jìn)行紫外光譜掃描,所得譜圖如圖1所示.根據(jù)掃描結(jié)果選擇210 nm為檢測波長.

圖1 煙酸和煙酰胺的紫外吸收光譜圖Fig.1 The UV spectra of NA and NAM in water

2.1.2 緩沖溶液種類和pH值的選擇采用壓力進(jìn)樣的方式,在30 mbar下進(jìn)樣5 s,分離電壓為25 kV對緩沖溶液的種類和pH值進(jìn)行優(yōu)化.分別選取20 mmol/L的硼砂溶液(pH值9.0~11.0間隔1.0)、磷酸氫二鈉溶液(pH值5.0~9.0間隔1.0; 9.0~11.0間隔0.5)和磷酸二氫鈉溶液(pH值2.0~5.0間隔1.0)作為背景電解質(zhì)溶液,結(jié)果顯示選用磷酸氫二鈉緩沖體系可得到較短的分析時(shí)間和較好的峰形.經(jīng)過進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)磷酸氫二鈉溶液不調(diào)pH值時(shí)可得到較好的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,因而選擇背景電解質(zhì)溶液為磷酸氫二鈉溶液,不用調(diào)節(jié)其pH值.

2.1.3 緩沖溶液濃度的選擇采用壓力進(jìn)樣的方式,在30 mbar下進(jìn)樣5 s,分離電壓為25 kV,選取濃度為10、15、20、25、30 mmol/L的磷酸氫二鈉為背景電解質(zhì)溶液,結(jié)果顯示選用10 mmol/L磷酸氫二鈉緩沖體系可得到較短的分析時(shí)間和較好的峰形,因而選擇磷酸氫二鈉緩沖溶液濃度為10 mmol/L.

2.1.4 有機(jī)改性劑的選擇在緩沖溶液中適當(dāng)加入有機(jī)試劑可以改變背景電解質(zhì)的組成和極性,降低焦耳熱、改善分離效果.本實(shí)驗(yàn)對3種有機(jī)改性劑進(jìn)行了考察.固定緩沖溶液磷酸氫二鈉的濃度為10 mmol/L,分別加入10%的甲醇、乙醇和乙腈,觀察有機(jī)試劑對分離效果的影響.結(jié)果顯示加入乙腈后會對峰形有明顯的改善,因而選擇加入乙腈有機(jī)改性劑.

2.1.5 有機(jī)改性劑加入量的選擇固定緩沖溶液磷酸氫二鈉的濃度為10 mmol/L,分別加入體積分?jǐn)?shù)為5%、8%、10%、15%、20%、25%的乙腈溶液,結(jié)果顯示當(dāng)加入8%的乙腈時(shí)可明顯的改善峰形且有較短的分析時(shí)間,因而選擇乙腈的加入量為8%.

綜上所述,CE分離檢測煙酸和煙酰胺的最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)條件為:在210 nm檢測波長下,緩沖溶液為10 mmol/L的磷酸氫二鈉溶液,加入8%的乙腈.采用壓力進(jìn)樣方式,在30 mbar下進(jìn)樣5 s,分離電壓為25 kV.在最佳條件下煙酸和煙酰胺的混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的CE譜圖見圖2.

2.2 方法驗(yàn)證

2.2.1 線性關(guān)系分別配制一系列不同濃度的煙酸和煙酰胺標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液(煙酸的濃度分別為1、10、50、100、200 μg/mL,煙酰胺的濃度分別為5、50、100、200、500 μg/mL),在上述電泳條件下進(jìn)樣,結(jié)果表明在上述濃度范圍內(nèi)煙酸和煙酰胺的峰面積與濃度具有良好的線性關(guān)系,其回歸方程和相關(guān)系數(shù)(R)如表1所示.

圖2 最佳條件下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的電泳譜圖Fig.2 Electropherograms of standard mixture

表1 煙酸和煙酰胺的線性回歸方程Tab.1 Calibration curves of NA and NAM

2.2.2 精密度連續(xù)5 d對化妝品加標(biāo)樣品進(jìn)行測定,每天測定5次.分別計(jì)算日間精密度和日內(nèi)精密度,結(jié)果如表2所示.由表2數(shù)據(jù)可知,該方法的精密度良好.

2.2.3 檢測限和定量限檢測限(LOD)和定量限(LQD)分別按公式3σ/s和10σ/s計(jì)算,其中σ是空白信號的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差,s是校準(zhǔn)曲線的斜率.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如表3所示.

表2 煙酸和煙酰胺精密度實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果Tab.2 Precision for the analysis of NA and NAM%

表3 煙酸和煙酰胺的檢測限和定量限Tab.3 LOD、LOQ data for the analysis of NA and NAM

2.3 樣品測定和回收率

將所建立的CE法應(yīng)用于乳液(A和B)、面霜(C)和化妝水(D)樣品分析.樣品和樣品加標(biāo)的測定譜圖(以面霜為例)如圖3所示.

樣品的測定結(jié)果和添加回收率的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果見表4,煙酸的加標(biāo)回收率為97.9%~107.7%,煙酰胺的加標(biāo)回收率為99.1%~100.9%

Fig.3 樣品和樣品加標(biāo)電泳圖Fig.3 The electrophoregrams of the sample and spiked samples

表4 化妝品中煙酸和煙酰胺的添加回收率Tab.4 Recoveries for the determination of NA and NAM in sample

續(xù)表

3 結(jié)論

本研究建立了一種簡單快速分離檢測化妝品中煙酸和煙酰胺的毛細(xì)管電泳法.樣品的前處理方法簡單,回收率高.該方法具有分離效率高,靈敏度好,操作簡單且環(huán)境污染小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是檢測化妝品中煙酸和煙酰胺的環(huán)境友好型方法.

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[24]GB/T 29664—2013,化妝品中維生素B3(煙酸、煙酰胺)的測定高效液相色譜法和高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法[S].

Determination of Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide in Cosmetics by Capillary Electrophoresis

QI Hui,WANG Li-juan,LUAN Feng,LIU Hui-tao
(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

A simple,rapid and accurate method for the determination of nicotinic acid(NA)and nicotinamide (NAM)in cosmetics by capillary electrophoresis(CE)is developed and successfully applied in creams,lotions,and toning lotions.A fused silica capillary(75 μm×60 cm,with effective length of 50.5 cm)is used,the detection wavelength is 210 nm,the injection pressure is 30 mbr,and the injection time is 5 s.The real samples are extracted with water.After sonication and centrifuging,the extract is analyzed by CE directly.Separation is performed by CE using 10 mmol/L disodium hydrogen phosphate as running buffer,an applied voltage of 25 kV with UV detection at 210 nm.Two targets are separated completely within 7 min.The results show that CE method has a good performance for NA and NAM analysis with linearity(R>0.999),precision(≤4.5%),accuracy (97.9%-107.7%),and enough sensitivity.

cosmetic;capillary electrophoresis;nicotinic acid;nicotinamide

O657

A

(責(zé)任編輯 周雪瑩)

1004-8820(2015)02-0146-05

10.13951/j.cnki.37-1213/n.2015.02.013

2014-06-19

山東省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(ZR2012BM016).

亓慧(1990-),女,山東萊蕪人,碩士研究生.

劉惠濤(liuht-ytu@163.com),教授,博士后,主要研究方向?yàn)樯V分析.

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