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多入路行腹腔鏡腸系膜上血管根部清掃的臨床運(yùn)用

2015-07-18 01:13朱劍飛朱平等
中國醫(yī)藥科學(xué) 2015年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:腹腔鏡

朱劍飛?朱平等

[摘要] 目的 探討在腹腔鏡輔助右半結(jié)腸全系膜切除術(shù)中多入路清掃腸系膜上血管根部的臨床價值。 方法 回顧性析2011年1月~2013年12月間在腹腔鏡輔助右半結(jié)腸全系膜切除術(shù)的28例患者資料,其中接受多入路清掃腸系膜上血管根部的12例,設(shè)為觀察組;單純逆腸系膜上靜脈清掃的16例,設(shè)為對照組。比較兩組間出血量、手術(shù)時間及清掃淋巴結(jié)數(shù)量等指標(biāo)。 結(jié)果 所有患者順利完成手術(shù),無中轉(zhuǎn)開腹。兩組間多項(xiàng)指標(biāo)比較,觀察組平均大致出血量少于對照組,平均清掃淋巴結(jié)個數(shù)多于對照組;而平均手術(shù)時間、平均術(shù)后排氣時間及術(shù)后下床時間兩組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 采用多入路法行腹腔鏡下腸系膜上血管根部清掃可降低配合要求,減少出血,清掃更徹底,更加符合無瘤手術(shù)原則。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 全系膜切除術(shù);腹腔鏡;手術(shù)入路;腸系膜上血管

[中圖分類號] R735.35 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B [文章編號] 2095-0616(2015)06-147-03

The clinic application of the procedure to clear the root of the superior mesenteric vessels with multi-approach

ZHU Jianfei ZHU Ping SHI Jun ZHU Qiuwei

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,the Second People's Hospital of Changzhou City,Changzhou 213003,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinic merit of the procedure to clear the root of the superior mesenteric vessels with multi-approach. Methods The materials of 28 patients who underwent the laparoscopic right hemicolectomy which embraced the clearing the root of superior mesenteric vessel by CME rule from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into two groups.12 patients were in observation group who underwent the clear the root of SMV by the multi-approach. 16 patients were allocated to the control group who underwent the same operation by the classic approach.The information between both groups were compared,such as blood loss,operation time,harvested lymph and other indexes. Results All operations were performed successfully.NO one was converted to open operation.The mean blood loss in observation group was less than that in the control group;the average number of lymphs harvested in observation group was more than that in the control group.There were no differences of the mean operation time,postoperative anus exhaust time and under the bed time between the two groups. Conclusion The procedure to clear the root of superior mesenteric vessels with multi-approach in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy decreased the cooperative difficulty,made the blood loss less.This procedure was more in line with the no-tumor principle.

[Key words] Complete mesocolic excision;Laparoscopy;Approach;Superior mesenteric artery

德國人Hohenberger在2009年提出為克服結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)跳躍轉(zhuǎn)移的特點(diǎn),提高術(shù)后生存率,行結(jié)腸癌根治術(shù)應(yīng)遵循全結(jié)腸系膜切除(complete mesocolic excision,CME)的概念[1-2]。因大部分右半結(jié)腸淋巴結(jié)回充至腹系膜上淋巴結(jié),經(jīng)腹腔干周圍腹腔淋巴結(jié)匯合成腸干注入乳糜池[3-4],有必要清掃腸系膜上靜脈(superior mesenteric vein,SMV)及腸系膜上動脈(superior mesenteric artery,SMA)根部組織。但該區(qū)小靜脈多,變異大,抗?fàn)坷芰Σ?,常?dǎo)致術(shù)中出血,影響手術(shù)視野。甚至中轉(zhuǎn)開腹。我科從2011年開始嘗試多入路行腹腔鏡下清掃腸系膜上血管根部,取得良好效果,現(xiàn)報道如下。endprint

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

2011年1月~2013年12月間接受聯(lián)合入路行腹腔鏡輔助右半結(jié)腸全系膜切除術(shù)的患者28例,所有患者術(shù)前已經(jīng)腸鏡病理檢查及腹部CT明確診斷,所有病例術(shù)前影像學(xué)證實(shí)無周圍臟器累及,美國麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(ASA)評分[5]≤3。觀察組男8例,女4例,年齡(47.2±8.7)歲。術(shù)后Dukes分期:B期2例,C1期6例,C2期4例。術(shù)后病理示:低分化腺癌4例、中分化腺癌3例、高分化腺癌1例、黏液腺癌4例。對照組男11例,女5例,年齡(52.6±7.9)歲。術(shù)后Dukes分期:B期1例,C1期8例,C2期7例。術(shù)后病理示:低分化腺癌8例、

1.2 手術(shù)方法

患者呈頭高足低位,傾斜30°,“大”字型固定,術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備、操作站位及穿刺孔位置無明顯改變,同常規(guī)腹腔鏡D3根治術(shù)[6-7]。手術(shù)步驟:(1)右半結(jié)腸主要血管離斷。同樣采用中間入路法,術(shù)者站于患者兩腿之間,助手將橫結(jié)腸及右結(jié)腸向上向右展開,暴露右半結(jié)腸系膜,術(shù)者持超聲刀以回結(jié)腸靜脈為解剖標(biāo)志,沿上方解剖包裹腸系膜上靜脈的血管鞘,于根部分別切斷回結(jié)腸靜脈、右結(jié)腸靜脈,中結(jié)腸靜脈右支,并于SMV左側(cè)離斷相應(yīng)動脈。(2)SMV根部清掃。沿SMV上方切開橫結(jié)腸系膜,繼續(xù)切開SMV根部血管鞘。觀察組術(shù)者改站于患者右側(cè),掀開胰頸部被膜,剝離胰十二指腸前筋膜,同時辨明胃網(wǎng)膜右靜脈及SMV根部,助手站于患者兩腿之間,持鉗抓胃遠(yuǎn)端后壁上翻。在SMV根部血管鞘內(nèi),切斷右側(cè)匯入的胃結(jié)腸靜脈干(gastrocolic trunk of henles,GTH),沿SMV根部下方切斷匯入的鉤突小靜脈及胰十二指腸前下靜脈,清除此區(qū)域內(nèi)疏松組織,并切斷Henle干之右結(jié)腸分支。對照組參加手術(shù)人員站位不變,手術(shù)步驟同上。(3)觀察組病例術(shù)者換到左側(cè),在SMV左后方解剖出腸系膜上動脈,同樣離斷左側(cè)及后方匯入之小血管清掃左側(cè)相應(yīng)疏松組織。對照組參加手術(shù)人員站位不變,手術(shù)步驟同上。(4)結(jié)腸系膜完整游離,切斷腸管,移除右側(cè)大網(wǎng)膜。切開右結(jié)腸系膜后葉,暴露Toldt筋膜與Gerota筋膜潛在間隙移除系膜,注意保護(hù)右側(cè)輸尿管。在胃網(wǎng)膜血管外側(cè),切除右側(cè)大網(wǎng)膜。(5)腸管吻合,腹腔沖洗。上腹正中做一長約4cm縱行切口,在預(yù)切除線行腸管閉合式切除,并腸管吻合,關(guān)閉系膜孔,關(guān)腹后再次沖洗探查后結(jié)束手術(shù)。

1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

所有數(shù)據(jù)處理采用SPSS17.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,計數(shù)資料采用()表示,兩組均數(shù)的比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

兩組比較,平均手術(shù)時間、術(shù)后排氣時間和術(shù)后下床活動時間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);而平均大致出血量及平均清掃淋巴結(jié)個數(shù)差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。所有病例無中轉(zhuǎn)開腹,標(biāo)本切緣陰性。

3 討論

在腸系膜上血管根部區(qū)域主要分布有胃網(wǎng)膜右靜脈、胰十二指腸前上、前下靜脈、右結(jié)腸靜脈等組成的GTH[8-9],但其組成及走行變異較多,最終在右側(cè)匯入SMV根部。另有大量的鉤突小靜脈、交通靜脈及胰十二指腸下靜脈多經(jīng)下方匯入SMV。同樣的,有眾多微小動脈于左側(cè)匯入SMA[10-11]。而在原手術(shù)方式中,術(shù)者多站于患者兩腿之間,視線近乎平行于腸系膜血管,雖可以切斷側(cè)方注入血管,但當(dāng)超刀頭卷曲,極易引發(fā)沿小血管長軸的牽拉效應(yīng),因眾多小靜脈管壁薄,抗拉力差,極易出血。而因視野阻擋,十二指腸水平段及SMV根部間僅有極短的潛在間隙,不適合操作,致難以徹底清掃后方注入小血管。

本研究嘗試從左右二側(cè)分別行SMV及SMA清掃,觀察組平均大致出血量顯著少于對照組。分析原因:(1)使視角與其成近90°垂直,使這一區(qū)域易于清晰暴露;(2)操作空間擴(kuò)大,可以較方便地原位切斷側(cè)方與下方血管并清除疏松組織;(3)因牽拉方向改為垂直于長軸,在一定程度改善了小血管的抗?fàn)坷饔谩#?)正因?yàn)橐陨蟽?yōu)點(diǎn),也減少了術(shù)中出血,使清掃更徹底,更加符合全系膜切除術(shù)淋巴結(jié)清掃的原則。

本研究也顯示觀察組與對照組間平均手術(shù)時間、術(shù)后排氣時間及術(shù)后下床活動時間并無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,觀察組多手術(shù)入路結(jié)合的方式并沒有增加手術(shù)時間,未增加手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷,延緩患者預(yù)后。值得注意的是,在SMV根部右側(cè)處理其屬支時,因管壁薄,不必過分解剖周圍組織,只要弄清血管走行及性質(zhì)即可,且靜脈骨骼化難于動脈骨骼化,盡可能不做過多牽拉。而在處理SMA時,先打開動脈鞘,分離清楚胰十二指腸下動脈和第1空腸動脈后再離斷處理,以免誤傷[12-13]。

從本研究結(jié)果可知,多入路行腹腔鏡下腸系膜上血管根部清掃是可行的。且能取得更好的手術(shù)效果,同時不再需要助手在小的操作范圍配合,減少了牽拉,降低了配合要求及手術(shù)難度,值得在臨床進(jìn)一步推廣。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] Hohenberger W,Weber K,Matzel K,et al.Standardized surgery for colonic cancer:complete mesocolic excision and central ligation-technical notes and outcome[J]. Colorectal Dis,2009,11(4):354-364

[2] Hohenberger W.Oncology research and treatment in Germany[J].Onkologie,2010,33(7):6.

[3] Saha S,Sirop S,Korant A,et al.Detection of aberrant drainage after sentinel lymph node mapping and its impact on staging and change of operation in colon cancer[J].ASCO Meeting Abstracts,2011, 29(4):500-502.endprint

[4] Sonneland J,Anson B,Beaton L.Surgical anatomy of the arterial supply to the colon from the superior mesenteric artery based upon a study of 600 specimens[J].Surg Gynecol Obstet,1958,106(4):385-398.

[5] “Standards” of anesthesia: law and ASA guidelines.BA Liang and K Fermani[J].J Clin Anesth,2008,20(5):393-396.

[6] Kanemitsu Y,Komori K,Kimura K,et al.D3 Lymph Node Dissection in Right Hemicolectomy with a No-touch Isolation Technique in Patients With Colon Cancer[J].Dis Colon Rectum,2013,56(7):815-824.

[7] Han DP,Lu AG,F(xiàn)eng H,et al.Long-term results of laparoscopy-assisted radical right hemicolectomy with D3 lymphadenectomy:clinical analysis with 177 cases[J].Int J Colorectal Dis 2013,28(5):623-629.

[8] Ignjatovic D,Spasojevic M,Stimec B.Can the gastrocolic trunk of Henle serve as an anatomical landmark in laparoscopic right colectomy?[J].A postmortem anatomical studyAm J Surg,2010,199(2):249-254.

[9] Ignjatovic D,Stimec B,F(xiàn)injord T,et al.Venous anatomy of the right colon:three-dimensional topographic mapping of the gastrocolic trunk of Henle[J].Tech Coloproctol,2004,8(1):19-21.

[10] Hongo N,Mori H,Matsumoto S,et al.Anatomical variations of peripancreatic veins and their intrapancreatic tributaries: multidetector-row CT scanning[J].Abdom Imaging,2010,35(2):143-153.

[11] Zhao L,Li G,Zhang C,et al.Vascular anatomy of the right colon and vascular complications during laparascopic surgery[J].Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi,2012,15(4):336-341.

[12] Papavasiliou P,Arrangoiz R,Zhu F,et al.The anatomic course of the first jejunal branch of the superior mesenteric vein in relation to the superior mesenteric artery[J].Int J Surg Oncol,2012,5(3):76-79.

[13] Sponza M,Pozzi Mucelli R,Pozzi Mucelli F.Arterial anatomy of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery with computerized tomography[J].Radiol Med,1993,86(3):260-267.

(收稿日期:2015-01-06)endprint

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