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原發(fā)性肺腺癌間質(zhì)上皮轉(zhuǎn)化因子mRNA的表達(dá)及意義

2015-08-29 01:20初向陽(yáng)馬克峰
關(guān)鍵詞:過(guò)度腺癌進(jìn)展

王 輝,初向陽(yáng),王 波,馬克峰

解放軍總醫(yī)院 胸外科,北京 100853

原發(fā)性肺腺癌間質(zhì)上皮轉(zhuǎn)化因子mRNA的表達(dá)及意義

王 輝,初向陽(yáng),王 波,馬克峰

解放軍總醫(yī)院 胸外科,北京 100853

目的 探討間質(zhì)上皮轉(zhuǎn)化因子(mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor,c-MET) mRNA在原發(fā)性肺腺癌組織中的表達(dá)及意義。方法 回顧性分析2011年7月- 2013年10月在我院手術(shù)并確診的83例原發(fā)性肺腺癌患者的臨床資料及c-MET mRNA檢測(cè)結(jié)果。根據(jù)c-MET mRNA檢測(cè)結(jié)果將患者分為高表達(dá)組和低表達(dá)組。結(jié)果 83例中,c-MET mRNA高表達(dá)占36.1%(30/83)。高表達(dá)組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為46.7%(14/30),高于低表達(dá)組的20.8%(11/53)(P<0.05)。高表達(dá)組臨床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期分別為53.3%(16/30)、30.0%(9/30)、16.7%(5/30),低表達(dá)組為75.5%(40/53)、17.0%(9/53)、7.5%(4/53),兩組有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。高表達(dá)組的1年、2年無(wú)進(jìn)展生存率為53.3%和22.2%,低表達(dá)組為81.1%和67.9%,兩組無(wú)進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。多因素分析顯示,c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平(HR=2.298,P=0.019)、分化程度(HR=2.632,P=0.003)和臨床分期(HR=3.048,P=0.019)是肺腺癌預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論 c-MET mRNA過(guò)度表達(dá)可能是原發(fā)性肺腺癌患者預(yù)后不良的因素。

非小細(xì)胞肺癌;腺癌;間質(zhì)上皮轉(zhuǎn)化因子基因

網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:2015-04-10 16:55 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20150410.1655.002.html

間質(zhì)上皮轉(zhuǎn)化因子(mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor,c-MET)基因位于第7號(hào)染色體7q31區(qū),在胚胎形成和損傷修復(fù)過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了重要的生物學(xué)作用[1-3]。c-MET基因編碼的蛋白屬于酪氨酸激酶受體,是肝細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)的特異性受體,HGF/c-MET信號(hào)通路的異常激活是多種癌癥形成的重要分子機(jī)制[4-5]。研究表明,c-MET基因在人體正常組織中不表達(dá)或低表達(dá),而在肺癌組織中存在過(guò)度表達(dá),c-MET基因的擴(kuò)增、突變及過(guò)度表達(dá)與癌細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲、遷移等生物學(xué)行為關(guān)系密切,且與預(yù)后不良相關(guān)[6-8]。本文回顧性分析在我院手術(shù)、病理確診為原發(fā)性肺腺癌(primary lung adenocarcinoma,PLAC)的83例患者,對(duì)其臨床資料及c-MET mRNA檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,探討c-MET mRNA不同表達(dá)患者中臨床預(yù)后的差異。

資料和方法

1 一般資料 選取2011年7月- 2013年10月在我院手術(shù)的83例原發(fā)性肺腺癌患者,所有病例經(jīng)病理確診并進(jìn)行了c-MET mRNA檢測(cè),臨床資料完整,臨床分期依據(jù)2009年國(guó)際抗癌聯(lián)盟(第7版)肺癌TNM分期[9],既往無(wú)腫瘤病史。

2 檢測(cè)方法 c-MET mRNA檢測(cè)采用分支-DNA液相芯片技術(shù)。c-MET mRNA檢測(cè)值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,>0.503者為c-MET mRNA高表達(dá)組,≤0.503者為低表達(dá)組。

3 隨訪 采用電話或門診隨訪,記錄患者相關(guān)后續(xù)治療、無(wú)進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間和生存狀況等數(shù)據(jù),以死亡為隨訪終點(diǎn),隨訪從病例確診至2014年10月1日。無(wú)進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間(progression-free survival time,PFS)指從病理確診到疾病進(jìn)展或最后隨訪日期。

4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),等級(jí)資料采用秩和檢驗(yàn),多因素分析采用Cox回歸分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

結(jié) 果

1 一般資料 83例中,高表達(dá)組30例,占36.1%,男性12例,女性18例;確診年齡36 ~ 74 (55.2± 8.7)歲;吸煙者7例;低分化5例,中分化19例,高分化6例;Ⅰ期16例,Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期5例。低表達(dá)組53例,占63.9%,男性23例,女性30例;確診年齡35 ~ 78(56.3±10.4)歲;吸煙者10例;低分化5例,中分化33例,高分化15例;Ⅰ期40例,Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期4例。見表1。

2 c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平比較 兩組性別、年齡、吸煙史和分化程度方面無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。高表達(dá)組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為46.7%(14/30),明顯高于低表達(dá)組的20.8%(11/53)(P<0.05)。高表達(dá)組的Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期比例為53.3%(16/30)、30.0%(9/30)、16.7%(5/30),低表達(dá)組為75.5%(40/53)、17.0%(9/53)、7.5%(4/53),兩組間有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。見表1,臨床分期分布見圖1。

3 無(wú)進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間分析 高表達(dá)組的1年、2年無(wú)進(jìn)展生存率為53.3%、22.2%,低表達(dá)組為81.1%、67.9%,高表達(dá)組PFS低于低表達(dá)組(P<0.05)。兩組PFS在分化程度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和臨床分期方面有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),與性別和吸煙史不相關(guān)(P>0.05)。見表2,c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平的PFS曲線見圖2。

4 預(yù)后危險(xiǎn)因素分析 將c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平、分化程度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和臨床分期納入多因素分析,顯示c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平、分化程度和臨床分期是肺腺癌預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。見表3。

表1 83例原發(fā)性肺腺癌患者c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平比較Tab. 1 c-MET mRNA level in 83 PLAC patients (n, %)

表2 83例原發(fā)性肺腺癌患者無(wú)進(jìn)展生存率比較Tab. 2 Progression-free survival rate of 83 PLAC patients(n, %)

表3 83例原發(fā)性肺腺癌患者無(wú)進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間的Cox分析Tab. 3 Cox regression analysis of 83 PLAC patients

圖 1 不同c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平患者的臨床分期Fig. 1 TNM stage of PLAC patients with different c-MET mRNA level

圖 2 不同c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平患者的無(wú)進(jìn)展生存曲線Fig 2 Kaplan-meier PFS curves of PLAC patients with different c-MET mRNA level

討 論

Cooper等[10]于1984年首次報(bào)道了c-MET基因。c-MET基因編碼的蛋白是受體酪氨酸激酶家族(receptor tyrosine kinase,RTK)成員,為HGF的特異性跨膜受體,是由50 kU的α亞基和140 kU的β亞基組成的異二聚體。c-MET蛋白的胞外區(qū)與HGF結(jié)合,可引起受體細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)酪氨酸殘基的自身磷酸化,激活一系列信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路的酶促反應(yīng),從而引起細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和凋亡等生物學(xué)行為[5,11]。正常人體細(xì)胞中,HGF/c-MET信號(hào)通路的激活在胚胎形成、損傷修復(fù)等方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用[1-3]。

在多種腫瘤組織中,均可檢測(cè)到c-MET基因的擴(kuò)增、突變和過(guò)度表達(dá)等異常表現(xiàn)[12-14]。c-MET基因異常可通過(guò)經(jīng)典的c-MET/ErbB3/PI3k信號(hào)通路激活腫瘤細(xì)胞的惡性增殖和轉(zhuǎn)移,也可以活化其他信號(hào)通路(如ERK-MAP信號(hào)通路等),導(dǎo)致腫瘤的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[15-16]。Hu等[6]在手術(shù)切除的肺癌組織中檢測(cè)到c-MET蛋白的過(guò)度表達(dá),并且過(guò)度表達(dá)與侵襲性和預(yù)后相關(guān)。Tretiakova等[7]在肺癌組織中檢測(cè)到c-MET和p-MET的過(guò)度表達(dá),如果磷酸化c-MET的特殊形式(細(xì)胞質(zhì)中Y1003和細(xì)胞核中Y1365)兩者同時(shí)出現(xiàn)過(guò)度表達(dá),則預(yù)后不良,提示特殊形式的p-MET可作為肺癌的生物學(xué)標(biāo)記物。Park等[8]通過(guò)FISH和ICH技術(shù)檢測(cè)肺癌組織中c-MET基因異常,發(fā)現(xiàn)c-MET基因拷貝數(shù)增高和c-MET過(guò)度表達(dá)是非小細(xì)胞肺癌術(shù)后預(yù)后不良的因素。在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中,c-MET基因的過(guò)度表達(dá)較其擴(kuò)增和突變更加常見[17]。

本研究顯示,在原發(fā)性肺腺癌患者中,c-MET mRNA過(guò)度表達(dá)者有較高的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率和較晚的臨床分期,而TNM分期系統(tǒng)是評(píng)估肺癌侵襲性和預(yù)后的較好指標(biāo)[18-19],這提示c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平有可能是決定肺腺癌侵襲性和預(yù)后的重要因素。進(jìn)一步對(duì)隨訪結(jié)果的分析顯示,c-MET mRNA表達(dá)水平與無(wú)進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間有相關(guān)性,多因素分析顯示,其過(guò)度表達(dá)是預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。

綜上所述,c-MET基因異常在肺癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展的過(guò)程中起到了重要的作用,也是潛在的靶向治療靶點(diǎn),c-MET mRNA檢測(cè)對(duì)原發(fā)性肺腺癌患者的預(yù)后預(yù)測(cè)和后續(xù)治療選擇具有有益的臨床價(jià)值。

1 Maina F, Hilton MC, Ponzetto C, et al. Met receptor signaling is required for sensory nerve development and HGF promotes axonal growth and survival of sensory neurons[J]. Genes Dev, 1997, 11(24): 3341-3350.

2 Chmielowiec J, Borowiak M, Morkel M, et al. c-Met is essential for wound healing in the skin[J]. J Cell Biol, 2007, 177(1): 151-162.

3 Huh CG, Factor VM, Sánchez A, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor/ c-met signaling pathway is required for efficient liver regeneration and repair[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2004, 101(13): 4477-4482.

4 王敬慧,張宗德,張樹才.肺腺癌驅(qū)動(dòng)基因研究相關(guān)進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)肺癌雜志,2013,16(2):91-96.

5 Trusolino L, Bertotti A, Comoglio PM. Met signalling: principles and functions in development, organ regeneration and cancer[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2010, 11(12): 834-848.

6 Hu X, Fu X, Wen S, et al. Prognostic value of MACC1 and c-met expressions in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi, 2012, 15(7): 399-403.

7 Tretiakova M, Salama AK, Karrison T, et al. Met and phosphorylated Met as potential biomarkers in lung cancer[J]. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2011, 30(4): 341-354.

8 Park S, Choi YL, Sung CO, et al. High Met copy number and Met overexpression: poor outcome in non-small cell lung cancer patients[J]. Histol Histopathol, 2012, 27(2): 197-207.

9 Goldstraw P, Crowley J, Chansky K, et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for the revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (seventh) edition of the TNM classification of malignant tumours[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2007, 2(8): 706-714.

10 Cooper CS, Park M, Blair DG, et al. Molecular cloning of a new transforming gene from a chemically transformed human cell line[J]. Nature, 1984, 311(5981): 29-33.

11 Smyth EC, Sclafani F, Cunningham D. Emerging molecular targets in oncology: clinical potential of Met/hepatocyte growth-factor inhibitors[J]. Onco Targets Ther, 2014, 7(7): 1001-1014.

12 蘇會(huì)玲.HGF/c-MET通路在癌癥中的研究進(jìn)展[J].實(shí)用癌癥雜志,2013,28(1):98-100.

13 De Melo Gagliato D, Jardim DL, Falchook G, et al. Analysis of Met genetic aberrations in patients with breast cancer at MD Anderson Phase I unit[J]. Clin Breast Cancer, 2014, 14(6): 468-474.

14 Lim YC, Kang HJ, Moon JH. C-Met pathway promotes self-renewal and tumorigenecity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stemlike cell[J]. Oral Oncol, 2014, 50(7): 633-639.

15 Jahn SC, Law ME, Corsino PE, et al. An in vivo model of epithelial to mesenchymal transition reveals a mitogenic Switch[J]. Cancer Lett, 2012, 326(2): 183-190.

16 Lee J, Jain A, Kim P, et al. Activated cMET and IGF1R-driven PI3K signaling predicts poor survival in colorectal cancers Independent of KRAS mutational status[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(8): e103551.

17 Smolen GA, Sordella R, Muir B, et al. Amplification of Met May identify a subset of cancers with extreme sensitivity to the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor PHA-665752[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2006, 103(7): 2316-2321.

18 Ettinger DS, Akerley W, Borghaei H, et al. Non-small cell lung cancer[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2012, 10(10):1236-1271.

19 Yue D, Wang C. Surgical resection standard and prognostic analysis of non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi,2014, 36(7): 532-535.

Expression and clinical significance of c-MET mRNA in primary lung adenocarcinoma: An analysis of 83 cases

WANG Hui, CHU Xiangyang, WANG Bo, MA Kefeng
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
Corresponding author: CHU Xiangyang. Email: drchu301@aliyun.com

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of c-MET mRNA in primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods Clinical data and c-MET mRNA test results about 83 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in our hospital from July 2011 to October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into c-MET mRNA overexpression group and low expression group. Results In 83 patients, the constituent ratio of overexpression group was 36.1%(30/83). The lymph node metastasis rate of overexpression group and low expression group were 46.7% (14/30) and 20.8% (11/53)with significant difference (P<0.05). The Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ TNM stage of overexpression group and low expression group were 53.3%(16/30), 30.0% (9/30), 16.7% (5/30) and 75.5% (40/53), 17.0% (9/53), 7.5% (4/53), which also showed significant differences (P<0.05). The 1-, 2-year progression-free survival rate of overexpression group and low expression group were 53.3%, 22.2% and 81.1%,67.9% with significant difference (P<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that c-MET mRNA level (HR=2.298, P=0.019),differentiation (HR=2.632, P=0.003) and TNM stage (HR=3.048, P=0.019) were independent risk factors for prognosis. Conclusion c-MET mRNA overexpression is a negative prognostic factor for patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma.

non-small cell lung cancer; adenocarcinoma; mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor gene

R 734.2

A

2095-5227(2015)07-0661-04

10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2015.07.006

2014-12-31

王輝,男,在讀碩士。研究方向:胸外科。Email: whop hone@163.com

初向陽(yáng),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師。Email: drchu301@aliyun.com

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