林萍
It有一種比較特殊的用法,就是它與某些動詞(其中有些是由名詞或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的)搭配,構(gòu)成習慣用語,其詞義十分豐富,在文章及口語中常常出現(xiàn)。本文只就搭配方式作歸納。
一、由表示交通工具的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成動詞+it表示這種名詞的動詞功能。如:
1.The railway station is so faraway from here that you had better bus it.
火車站離這兒太遠了,你最好乘公共汽車去。
2.As the highway bridge has been damaged by the torrential flood, we have to boat it.
由于公路橋被洪水急流沖壞了,我們只得坐船去。
3.Seeing that the omnibus was crowded to capacity, Madame Curie cabbed it.
由于公共汽車擠得水泄不通,居里夫人坐馬車去了。
這類搭配常見還有:to train it(坐火車去),to tram it (坐電車去),to taxi it(坐出租車去)等。
二、由表示人體部分的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞+it,表示這種名詞的動詞的功能。如:
1.My boyfriend missed the last bus and had to foot it home,
我的男朋友沒有趕上最后一班汽車,只好步行回家。
2.Leg it as fast as you can.
快跑吧。
這類搭配常見的還有:to face it out(堅持到底,不讓步),to face it(面對現(xiàn)實)等。
三、由表示人,動物或事物的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成動詞+it表示這種名詞的動詞功能。如:
1.She queens it over her husband. 她支配著她的丈夫。
2.Gone are the days when imperialists could lord it over the whole world.帝國主義者在全世界稱王稱霸的日子一去不返了。
3.The actress is starring it in Changsha. 那個女演員在長沙的演出大為賣座。
這類搭配常見的還有:to king it(做帝王,統(tǒng)治,主宰),to pig it(像豬一樣生活,過困苦的生活),to dog(打扮起來,擺闊氣)等。
四、由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成動詞+it表示這種形容詞的動詞功能。如:
1.If you go mountaining in such weather, you will have to rough it.如果在這種天氣登山,你一定得吃苦頭。
2.We had nothing for it but to rough it out.我們沒有別的辦法,只好面對事實,克服困難。
3.It is difficult for me to find another job, so I have to brave it out.再找工作對我來說很難,我只好硬著頭皮干下去。
似的搭配還有:to cool it(冷靜下來)等。
五、表示運動意義的動詞+it,有的保留原來的動詞意義,有的構(gòu)成新義。如:
1.The supermarket is very near, so you can walk it.超市很近,你可以走去。
2.Go it while you are young.趁你還年輕就努力干吧。
3.He came it too strong.他干得過分了。
這類搭配常用的還有:to tramp it(步行),to go it alone(單干),to go it blind(瞎干),to go it strong on something(熱烈贊許某事物)等。
六、某些常用動詞+it。如:
1.Some day I will have it out with him. 遲早我要和他說明白。
2.Do that again and you will catch it.再做那件事,你就要受到責罰。
常用的還有:to get it ,to catch it( 挨罵),to have it (all)over somebody(勝過某人),to let somebody have it(讓某人倒霉去)等。
以上的it均是“虛義詞”(empty “it”),沒有確切含義,作形式上的動詞賓語,有的語法家稱之為模糊賓語或假賓語。