建筑設(shè)計：莊慎/阿科米星建筑設(shè)計事務(wù)所

莫干山庾村蠶種場，湖州，浙江，中國

建筑設(shè)計：莊慎/阿科米星建筑設(shè)計事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior views

莫干山庾村蠶種場改造是阿科米星建筑設(shè)計事務(wù)所2012年進行的一個項目，內(nèi)容包括：搭竹棚，改造場地、青年旅社和V-Life綠色產(chǎn)品展示廳。其中占地3000m2、使用期1年左右的搭竹棚工程是這個建造項目中的一段過程:這些竹棚在蠶種場開啟改造和初期招商階段起到改進場地和暖場作用，在培育成熟過程中慢慢退出使用，或被改造更新，或被徹底拆除。

對我們，這次實踐的本意并非專門針對鄉(xiāng)村，而主要是一次非正規(guī)建造的體驗，是為城市改造工作積累經(jīng)驗的一次實踐——在周期短、投資低的前提下，嘗試用不同方式組織空間的整體設(shè)計和有效建造。具體而言包括，確定用當(dāng)?shù)厥a(chǎn)的竹子覆蓋大面積室外場地的策略，以快速聚集人氣；用內(nèi)邊矩形、外邊發(fā)散的獨立竹棚形成一系列重復(fù)形式的中心來加強場地的整體感，以解決原場地建筑方位感、外部空間感混亂渙散的問題；用直接“打釘子”的樁基和固定竹子的建構(gòu)方式來實現(xiàn)快速建造和節(jié)約成本；用大模型、現(xiàn)場指導(dǎo)作為現(xiàn)場施工依據(jù)與保證，來適應(yīng)民間施工與調(diào)整需要。

這些策略是彼此關(guān)聯(lián)的，例如，竹棚的空間構(gòu)造選擇非常簡單，以一個簡單易懂的原則重復(fù)，其中也是為了便于施工實施，不怕誤差。也正是通過組織形成的整體性，允許了變化與現(xiàn)場調(diào)整。設(shè)計過程中，確定竹棚的空間形式是最困難的一步。我們嘗試了很多種可能性，最后確定采用獨立竹棚，相聚呈簇狀。竹子內(nèi)邊限定出中心空間，采用矩形投影的明確邊界，竹子外邊呈放射狀，自由發(fā)散形成模糊消失的邊界。內(nèi)邊支架同樣構(gòu)成完整的矩形，其余支架則用不連續(xù)的單桿隨機支撐。這個設(shè)計中，連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)折且封閉的線只有一條，就是中心的那個矩形。為此，其余單桿支架兩頭都是出挑的。這樣做，是為了空間態(tài)勢，一方面加強明確的中心感與四向放射感；另一方面，解決場地的不規(guī)則與各棚彼此相連呼應(yīng)的問題。這個手法被有趣地掩蓋在鄉(xiāng)間的建造工藝與臨時感的粗糙當(dāng)中。

如今，這個項目的大部分內(nèi)容已經(jīng)完成自己的使命，成為過去。舊事重提的價值更在于反思其意義。

這是一個一直處于變化狀態(tài)的項目，其中的竹棚更像是短暫的建筑。有別于大家已習(xí)慣的建筑學(xué)工作——重視持久的存在和抽象的實驗，這類工作不得不適應(yīng)持續(xù)的變化和具體的需求，沒有現(xiàn)成的經(jīng)驗，沒有明確的法則或普適的規(guī)律，更傾向于建筑原則的自然運用。它們與普通生活和日常狀態(tài)直接關(guān)聯(lián)，更像是典型建筑學(xué)實踐之外，建筑世界的另一部分，而這樣的屬性，正是我們在中國城市化狀態(tài)中看到，并覺得值得研究的地方。

2 外景/Exterior views

The transformation of Mogan Mountain Silkworm Hatchery is a project implemented by Atelier Archmixing in 2012, including the details in the bamboo pavilion, the transforming venue, youth hostels and the V-Life green product exhibition hall. The bamboo pavilion, which covers an area of 3000 square meters, with nearly a year of use life, is a process in the construction project. The pavilion has played a role in improving and warming up the field during the beginning of the silkworm field transformation and initial investment-attracting phase. Then it has been gradually withdrawn from application in cultivation-maturing process, being remolded, renewed, or completely dismantled.

As for us, this practice is not intended specifically for the rural areas, but mainly an experience of informal construction or a practice of accumulating experience for urban transformation, namely to organize the overall design and effective building of the space in different ways under the premise of short life cycle and low investment. Specifically, it includes to quickly gather popularity with the strategy of using local abundant bamboo to cover a large area outside; to strengthen the overall sense of the field, by forming a series of repetitive patterns of centers with the independent bamboo pavilion with the shape of internal rectangular and meanwhile external diverging and solve the disorder and slack of construction orientation and external spacious sense of the original site building; to directly hit the nail to set pile foundation and fix bamboo construction for rapid building and cost efficiency; and to take large models and onsite guidance as the basis and guarantee of field construction to adapt to requirements of civil construction and adjustment.

These strategies are interlinked with each other. For example, the choice of space construction of the pavilion is very simple in its repetitive lucid principle, which is convenient for implementation with no need to worry about errors. The entirely-organized pattern allows for changes and field adjustment. In design process, to determine the spatial form of the pavilion is the most difficult step. We have tried many possibilities and finally determined the clustering of the independent bamboo pavilion. The inner edges of the bamboo define a central space, with the rectangular-projected area as the clear boundary. The inner-side bracket also constitutes the whole rectangle, with the rest brackets randomly supported by discrete single poles. In this design, there is only one continuously turned and closed line to form the centered rectangular. In this regard, the both ends of the rest single poles stand out for the sake of spatial momentum, to highlight the sense of centralization and radiation on one hand, and solve the irregularity of the site and the echoing between sheds. This method is interestingly covered up amidst the roughness combined by rural construction technique and temporary sense.

Nowadays, the mission of the most part of this project has been completed and has become the history. The value of retelling the history lies in reflection of its significance rather than others.

This is a project in constant change. The bamboo pavilion is more like a temporary building. Different from the customary architectural work, it stresses permanent presence and abstract experiments. This kind of work has to be adapted to continuous changes and specific requirements. There is no ready-made experience, nor definite rules or universal rules for it. However, it is more inclined to naturally application of architectural principles. They are directly related to ordinary life and daily states, more like another part of the architecture world exterior to typical architecture practice. This property is what we can see in China's urbanization that is worthy of research.

3 草圖/Sketch

評論

劉曉都：非正規(guī)建造是本案關(guān)鍵詞。它確實是鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的一個非常重要、而且是需要清晰的概念，因為傳統(tǒng)的鄉(xiāng)村建造絕大部分都是非正規(guī)的。此竹棚搭建更極致到連生命也是極其短暫。它的目的只集中到給予場所一個定義、一個感覺。它沒有強調(diào)現(xiàn)實遮陰擋雨的功能，也不涉及建筑應(yīng)有的防水隔熱的基本性質(zhì)，其全部意義都在于用最簡單的材料和方式制造一種簡單而特別的建造效果。猶如一段音樂前奏、一部電影預(yù)告片，或一席晚宴前菜，它使人對這個項目所呈現(xiàn)的未來有所期待和對鄉(xiāng)村建造的那種“詩意的棲居”的美好想象。

李翔寧：莊慎的莫干山蠶種場竹棚是一個非比尋常的裝置/建筑實踐：在蠶種場的實體建筑間插入的彌散、柔軟的竹建構(gòu)重組了室內(nèi)、室外的空間類型，在呼應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)夭牧虾徒ㄔ靷鹘y(tǒng)的同時，作為正式改造的預(yù)演，創(chuàng)造了一種朝生暮死的瞬時建筑模式。建筑的觀念跨越到日常性意義之外，在這里似乎成為了蠶生命過程的一種隱喻，消解/延展了建筑存在的可能性。

Comments

LIU Xiaodu: The informal construction is the keyword of this installation. It is indeed an important concept of the rural architecture, and needs to be clarified, since almost all the traditional rural constructions are informal. This installation went to an extreme that even the life span was designed to be short. The whole purpose of the installation focuses on defining the site and giving it a sense of place. It did not emphasize the function of shelter, nor realize the basic needs of the water resistance and insulation of the building. Instead, the whole point was about creating a simple but special construction effect using the easiest material and method. Like a prelude, a trailer or an appetizer, the installation will stimulate the expectation for the project and the imagination of "poetic dwelling" of the rural architecture.

4 原狀/Original photo

5 模型/Model

6 細(xì)節(jié)/Detail

LI Xiangning: Mogan Mountain Silkworm Hatchery that is designed by ZHUANG Shen is an extraordinary installation/construction practice: the loose-knit and soft bamboo structures interwoven between the solid constructions in the farm reorganized the interior and exterior spatial types, which not only corresponded with the local material and construction tradition, but also created a kind of ephemeral instantaneous construction pattern as a preview for the formal reformation. The concept of architecture transcends its regular definition here and resolves/ extends the possibilities of existence of architecture through metaphorizing the life journey of silkworm.

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client：清境旅游投資管理有限公司/Qingjing Tourism Cci Capital Ltd

主創(chuàng)建筑師/Principal Architect：莊慎/ZHUANG Shen

設(shè)計單位/Architects：阿科米星建筑設(shè)計事務(wù)所/Atlier Archmixing

合作單位/Cooperation：亙建筑，東聯(lián)設(shè)計集團/ Genarchitects, OUDG

項目類型/Project Type：改造/Renovation

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team：莊慎，孔銳，王侃，姚文軒，賀珊/ ZHUANG Shen, KONG Rui, WANG Kan, YAO Wenxuan, HE Shan模型/Model：王侃，陸津碩，王世亮，姚文軒，田丹妮，劉羽云，劉霞，蔣玲玲，黃瑩，徐漸佳/WANG Kan, LU Jinshuo, WANG Shiliang, YAO Wenxuan, TIAN Danni, LIU Yuyun, LIU Xia, JIANG Lingling, HUANG Ying, XU Jianjia

駐場建造/On Site：孔銳，賀珊/KONG Rui, HE Shan

施工協(xié)調(diào)/Construction Coordination：陳明濤/CHEN Mingtao施工單位/Construction Company：王子奎及庾村鄉(xiāng)里/ WANG Zikui, villagers of Yucun

建造面積/Area：3000m2

設(shè)計時間/Design Period：2012

攝影/Photos：唐煜，莊慎/TANG Yu, ZHUANG Shen

Mogan Mountain Silkworm Hatchery, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2013

Architects：ZHUANG Shen/Atlier Archmixing