王玉娟,幸偉年,何小三,段偉華,黃文印,龔 春
(江西省林業(yè)科學(xué)院,江西 南昌 330013)
尾葉那藤不同地理種源差異分析
王玉娟,幸偉年,何小三,段偉華,黃文印,龔 春
(江西省林業(yè)科學(xué)院,江西 南昌 330013)
為了選育食用、油用及藥用價值較高的尾葉那藤品種,對9個不同地理種源尾葉那藤的果實經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、種子含油率及脂肪酸組成、果肉營養(yǎng)成分和藤條藥用成分的相關(guān)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了方差分析和多重比較。結(jié)果表明:①不同地理種源尾葉那藤果實經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀除了單果皮重外均存在顯著性差異。遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村和遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村尾葉那藤的單果重及果肉重均處在前列,單果質(zhì)量均大于230 g,果肉質(zhì)量均大于70 g,且可食率均超過30%,食用價值很高;武寧縣沅口林場尾葉那藤的可食率最高,達(dá)到40.80%,果皮最薄,只有0.25 cm,且兩項指標(biāo)與其他8個地理種源均達(dá)到顯著性差異,同樣具有很高的食用價值。②不同地理種源尾葉那藤的種子含油率、亞油酸及油酸含量均存在顯著性差異。遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村尾葉那藤的亞油酸及不飽和脂肪酸含量均最高,種子含油率也較高,超過了40%;崇義縣茶灘鄉(xiāng)黃鰍洞和上猶縣陡水鄉(xiāng)紅星村尾葉那藤的含油率、亞油酸、油酸及不飽和脂肪酸含量均較高。因此,這3個地方的尾葉那藤的油用價值較高。③不同地理種源尾葉那藤之間的維生素C、總糖、還原糖及蛋白質(zhì)含量均存在顯著性差異,只有總酸含量差異不顯著。遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村尾葉那藤的總糖含量最高,達(dá)到40.26 g/100g,而且其維生素C及還原糖含量均排在前列,蛋白質(zhì)含量中等偏上,故此地尾葉那藤的果實營養(yǎng)價值較高。④不同地理種源尾葉那藤藤條藥用成分存在顯著性差異。吉水縣烏江鄉(xiāng)東江村尾葉那藤的木通苯乙醇苷B及總皂苷的含量最高,分別達(dá)到0.80%和0.73%,齊墩果酸含量也較高,為0.11%,故此地尾葉那藤的藥用價值較高。試驗結(jié)果將為進(jìn)行不同目的尾葉那藤的品種選育提供理論依據(jù)。
尾葉那藤;地理種源;果實經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀;種子含油率;脂肪酸組成;果肉營養(yǎng)成分;藤條藥用成分;差異分析
尾葉那藤Stauntonia obovatifoliola subsp.urophylla為木通科野木瓜屬的植物。我國資源十分豐富[1],主要分布于福建、廣東、廣西、江西、湖南、浙江等地,生長于山谷林緣灌叢, 山坡林緣,山坡路邊,海拔520 m。目前尚未有人工引種栽培。其果實可食用,種子可榨油,全株可藥用。但目前對于該植物的研究,僅限于少數(shù)地方種質(zhì)資源的調(diào)查和藥用價值的簡單介紹[2-3]。對于不同地理種源尾葉那藤的果實經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、種子含油率及脂肪酸組成、果肉營養(yǎng)成分、藤條藥用成分等未見相關(guān)報道[4-9]。因此,作者針對以上幾個方面對9個不同地理種源的尾葉那藤進(jìn)行比較分析,以期為尾葉那藤不同目的品種選育提供理論依據(jù)。
試驗材料來自遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村、遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村、遂川縣大汾鎮(zhèn)上坳村、九連山自然保護(hù)區(qū)、武寧縣沅口林場、吉水縣烏江鄉(xiāng)東江村、吉安縣官田鄉(xiāng)林下桔村、上猶縣陡水鄉(xiāng)紅星村和崇義縣茶灘鄉(xiāng)黃鰍洞自然生長的尾葉那藤。
分別選取成熟果實10個,用1/100天平分別秤其單果質(zhì)量,單果皮質(zhì)量、單果果肉質(zhì)量、種子重量;用游標(biāo)卡尺分別測量其果實縱、橫徑,果皮厚度;每千克鮮果數(shù)(個/kg)=果實總個數(shù)/單株果實總質(zhì)量(kg)×1 kg;可食率(%)=單果果肉質(zhì)量(g)/單果質(zhì)量(g)×100%。
對采集的成熟果實的種子,經(jīng)風(fēng)干后用HCY-10核磁共振含油率測量儀測定其含油率;用GC 2010 Plus氣相色譜儀[5]測定其棕櫚油烯酸、棕櫚酸、亞油酸、油酸及硬脂酸含量。
對采集的成熟果實去皮后用尼龍紗網(wǎng)袋濾去種子,剩余果肉作為測定營養(yǎng)成分的樣品。用e2695+2698+2475高效液相色譜儀測定其維生素C含量,UV-1800紫外—可見分光光度計測定其總糖含量,K360+K436+滴定儀全自動凱氏定氮儀[6]測定其蛋白質(zhì)含量,用高錳酸鉀滴定法測定其還原糖含量,用酸堿滴定法測定其總酸含量。
果實成熟后,采集整株藤條,捆好做好標(biāo)簽后,放于室內(nèi)風(fēng)干,打碎成粉后作為測定藥用成分的樣品。用e2695+2698+2475高效液相色譜儀測定其木通苯乙醇苷B、齊墩果酸含量。用比色法測定其總皂苷含量。
采用DPS、SPSS數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析。
不同地理種源尾葉那藤的果實經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀測定結(jié)果見表1。對不同地理種源尾葉那藤果實經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的每個指標(biāo)進(jìn)行方差分析,方差分析結(jié)果見表2~表10,多重比較結(jié)果見表1。方差分析結(jié)果表明:9個地理種源尾葉那藤之間的單果質(zhì)量、單果果肉質(zhì)量、種子質(zhì)量、果實縱橫徑、果皮厚度、每千克鮮果數(shù)及可食率均存在顯著性差異,但單果皮質(zhì)量差異不顯著。遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村和遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村尾葉那藤的單果質(zhì)量、果肉質(zhì)量、果實縱橫徑均處在前列,果皮厚度適中,可食率中等,食用價值較高。武寧縣沅口林場尾葉那藤的可食率最高,達(dá)到40.80%,果皮最薄,只有0.25 cm。但其單果質(zhì)量卻最小,只有41.96 g/個,果肉質(zhì)量也是最小,只有17.28 g。
表1 不同地理種源尾葉那藤果實的經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀?Table 1 Fruit economic characters of S. obovatifoliolasp. Urophylla from different geographical provenances
表2 單果質(zhì)量的方差分析結(jié)果Table 2 Variance analysis of single fruit weight
表3 單果皮質(zhì)量的方差分析結(jié)果Table 3 Variance analysis of single fruit tare
表4 單果果肉質(zhì)量的方差分析結(jié)果Table 4 Variance analysis of single fruit flesh weight
表5 種子質(zhì)量的方差分析結(jié)果Table 5 Variance analysis of seed weight
表6 果實縱徑的方差分析結(jié)果Table 6 Variance analysis of fruit longitudinal diameter
表7 果實橫徑的方差分析結(jié)果Table 7 Variance analysis of fruit transverse diameter
表8 果皮厚度的方差分析結(jié)果Table 8 Variance analysis of fruit peel thickness
表9 每千克鮮果數(shù)的方差分析結(jié)果Table 9 Variance analysis of number of fresh fruit per kg
表10 可食率方差的分析結(jié)果Table 10 Variance analysis of number of e fruit dible rate
不同地理種源尾葉那藤的種子含油率、脂肪酸組成測定結(jié)果見表11。對不同地理種源尾葉那藤的含油率等進(jìn)行方差分析,方差分析結(jié)果見表12~表19,多重比較結(jié)果見表11。方差分析結(jié)果表明:9個地理種源的尾葉那藤之間的種子含油率、亞油酸及油酸含量均存在顯著性差異。崇義縣茶灘鄉(xiāng)黃鰍洞、上猶縣陡水鄉(xiāng)紅星村、遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村、遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村尾葉那藤的種子含油率較高,均超過了40%。遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村尾葉那藤的亞油酸及不飽和脂肪酸含量最高,分別為40.85%和74.79%。崇義縣茶灘鄉(xiāng)黃鰍洞和上猶縣陡水鄉(xiāng)紅星村尾葉那藤的亞油酸、油酸及不飽和脂肪酸含量均較高,油用價值均較高。
表11 不同地理種源尾葉那藤種子含油率、脂肪酸組成?Table 11 Seed oil content, fatty acid composition of S. obovatifoliolasp. Urophylla from different geographical provenances
表12 含油率的方差分析結(jié)果Table 12 Variance analysis of seed oil content
表13 棕櫚油烯酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 13 Variance analysis of palm oil acid
表14 棕櫚酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 14 Variance analysis of palmitic acid
表15 亞油酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 15 Variance analysis of linoleic acid
表16 油酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 16 Variance analysis of oleic acid
表17 硬脂酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 17 Variance analysis of stearic acid
表18 飽和脂肪酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 18 Variance analysis of saturated fatty acid
表19 不飽和脂肪酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 19 Variance analysis of unsaturated fatty acid
不同地理種源尾葉那藤果肉營養(yǎng)成分測定結(jié)果見表20。對不同地理種源尾葉那藤果肉營養(yǎng)成分進(jìn)行方差分析,方差分析結(jié)果見表21~表25,多重比較結(jié)果見表20。方差分析結(jié)果表明:9個地理種源的尾葉那藤之間的維生素C、總糖、還原糖及蛋白質(zhì)均存在顯著性差異,只有總酸含量差異不顯著。遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村尾葉那藤的總糖含量最高,達(dá)到40.26 g/100g,而且其維生素C及還原糖含量均排在前列,蛋白質(zhì)含量中等偏上,故此地尾葉那藤的果實營養(yǎng)價值較高。
表20 不同地理種源尾葉那藤果肉營養(yǎng)成分?Table 20 Flesh nutritional components of S. obovatifoliolasp. Urophylla from different geographical provenances
表21 維生素C的方差分析結(jié)果Table 21 Variance analysis of vitamin-C
表22 總酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 22 Variance analysis of total acid content
表23 總糖的方差分析結(jié)果Table 23 Variance analysis of total sugar
表24 還原糖的方差分析結(jié)果Table 24 Variance analysis of reducing sugar
表25 蛋白質(zhì)的方差分析結(jié)果Table 25 Variance analysis of protein content
不同地理種源尾葉那藤藤條中藥用成分測定結(jié)果見表26。對不同地理種源尾葉那藤藤條中藥用成分進(jìn)行方差分析,方差分析結(jié)果見表27~表29,多重比較結(jié)果見表26。方差分析結(jié)果表明:9個地理種源的尾葉那藤之間的木通苯乙醇苷B、齊墩果酸及總皂苷均存在顯著性差異。吉水縣烏江鄉(xiāng)東江村尾葉那藤枝藤中的木通苯乙醇苷B及總皂苷含量均最高,齊墩果酸含量處于前列,故其藥用價值較高。
表26 不同地理種源尾葉那藤藤條藥用成分?Table 26 Rattan medicinal components of S.obovatifoliolasp. Urophylla from different geographical provenances
表27 木通苯乙醇苷B方差分析結(jié)果Table 27 Variance analysis of phenylethanoid glycoside-B and total saponins content
表28 齊墩果酸的方差分析結(jié)果Table 28 Variance analysis of oleanolic acid content
表29 總皂苷的方差分析結(jié)果Table 29 Variance analysis of total saponins content
通過對9個不同地理種源尾葉那藤的果實經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、種子含油率及脂肪酸組成、果肉營養(yǎng)成分、藤條藥用成分等進(jìn)行分析,得出如下結(jié)論。
(1)果實經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀方面,遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村和遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村尾葉那藤的單果質(zhì)量及果肉質(zhì)量均處在前列,單果質(zhì)量均大于230 g,果肉質(zhì)量均大于70 g,且可食率均超過30%,食用價值很高。武寧縣沅口林場尾葉那藤的可食率最高,達(dá)到40.80%,果皮最薄,只有0.25 cm,但其單果質(zhì)量卻最小,只有41.96 g/個,同樣具有很高的食用價值。另外,九連山自然保護(hù)區(qū)和崇義縣茶灘鄉(xiāng)黃鰍洞尾葉那藤的單果質(zhì)量、果肉質(zhì)量及可食率均處于中等偏上,食用價值也較高,也可以作為食用尾葉那藤果進(jìn)行開發(fā)。
(2)種子含油率、脂肪酸組成方面,崇義縣茶灘鄉(xiāng)黃鰍洞尾葉那藤的種子含油率最高,達(dá)到47.07%。九連山自然保護(hù)區(qū)尾葉那藤的油酸及棕櫚油烯酸含量均最高,但其硬脂酸含量也最高,亞油酸含量最低。遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村尾葉那藤的亞油酸及不飽和脂肪酸含量均最高,種子含油率也較高,超過了40%。另外,崇義縣茶灘鄉(xiāng)黃鰍洞和上猶縣陡水鄉(xiāng)紅星村尾葉那藤的含油率、亞油酸、油酸及不飽和脂肪酸含量均較高。因此,這3個地方的尾葉那藤可進(jìn)行油用價值方面的開發(fā)利用。
(3)果肉營養(yǎng)價值方面,遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村和遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村尾葉那藤的維生素C含量及總糖含量均高于其他地理種源,兩者還原糖含量僅低于遂川縣大汾鎮(zhèn)上坳村的,但遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)三和村的尾葉那藤蛋白質(zhì)含量卻最低,遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村的蛋白質(zhì)含量居中。相比較而言遂川縣五斗江鄉(xiāng)車坳村尾葉那藤果實的營養(yǎng)價值較高,具有開發(fā)價值。
(4)藤條藥用價值方面,吉水縣烏江鄉(xiāng)東江村尾葉那藤的木通苯乙醇苷B及總皂苷的含量最高,分別達(dá)到0.80%和0.73%,齊墩果酸含量也較高,為0.11%。吉安縣官田鄉(xiāng)林下桔村尾葉那藤的齊墩果酸含量最高,達(dá)到0.22%;總皂苷含量也很高,為0.64%,僅低于吉水縣烏江鄉(xiāng)東江村的;木通苯乙醇苷B含量較低,只有0.33%,但并未顯著低于吉水縣烏江鄉(xiāng)東江村的。故相比較而言吉水縣烏江鄉(xiāng)東江村和吉安縣官田鄉(xiāng)林下桔村兩地尾葉那藤的藥用價值均較高,具有開發(fā)價值。
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Differential comparison among different geographical provenances of Stauntonia urophylla
WANG Yu-juan, XING Wei-nian, HE Xiao-san, DUAN Wei-hua, HUANG Wen-yin, GONG Chun
(Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China)
The variance analysis and multiple comparisons on the related indexes of fruit economic characters, seed oil content, fatty acid composition, flesh nutritional components and rattan medicinal components of nine different geographical provenances in Stauntonia obovatifoliolasp. Urophylla, were carried out in order to breed fine varieties with high edible value, oil-used value and medicinal value.The results show that (1) Except for single pericarp weight, there were significant differences of fruit economic characters among the nine different geographical provenances in Stauntonia obovatifoliolasp. Urophylla. The single fruit weight and flesh weight of Sanhe Village and Cheao Village, Wudoujiang Township, Suichuan County all ranked in the front, whose single fruit weight were all greater than 230 g, flesh weight were all greater than 70 g, and the edible rate were all greater than 30%, so their edible value were high.the fruits from Yuankou forest farm, Wuning County had the highest edible rate and thinnest peel, which were 40.80% and 0.25 cm respectively, the two indexes of Yuankou fruits had significant differences with those of other geographical provenance’s, so its also has high edible value. (2) There were significant differences of seed oil content, linoleic acid and oleic acid content among the nine different geographical provenances in S.obovatifoliolasp.Urophylla. the species from Sanhe Village had the highest linoleic acid and the highest unsaturated fatty acid content, and high seed oil content, above 40%; The seed oil content, linoleic acid, oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid content of Huangqiudong Village, Chatan Township, Chongyi County and Hongxing Village, Doushui Township, Shangyou County were all relatively high; so the oil-used value of the three species were higher. (3) Except for total acid content, there were significant differences of vitamin-C, total sugar, reducing sugar and protein content among the nine different geographical provenances in S.obovatifoliolasp.Urophylla. Cheao Village, Wudoujiang Township, Suichuan County’s total sugar content was the highest, 40.26 g/100g,and its vitamin-C, reducing sugar and protein content all ranked in the front, so its fruit nutrient value was above average. (4) There were significant differences of medicinal components among the nine different geographical provenance in S.obovatifoliolasp.Urophylla. Of them, Djiang Village, Wujiang Township, Jishui County’s rattan had the highest phenylethanoid glycoside-B and total saponins content,were 0.80% and 0.73% respectively, and its oleanolic acid content was also high, was 0.11%, so its medicinal value was high. The testing results provide a theoretical basis for different objective of S. obovatifoliolasp. Urophylla variety breeding.
Stauntonia obovatifoliolasp. Urophylla; geographical provenances; fruit economic characters; seed oil content; fatty acid composition; fruit nutrition; cane medicinal ingredients;variation analysis
S789.7
A
1673-923X(2015)11-0055-06
10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2015.11.011
2015-01-10
國家林業(yè)公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201304802)
王玉娟,助理研究員,碩士
龔 春,研究員;E-mail:wangyujuan214417@126.com
王玉娟,幸偉年,何小三,等. 尾葉那藤不同地理種源差異分析[J].中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)學(xué)報, 2015, 35(11): 55-60.
[本文編校:吳 毅]