王雪,唐生安,段宏泉,2
(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)1.藥學(xué)院,天津市臨床藥物關(guān)鍵技術(shù)重點實驗室;2.基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,天津300070)
論著
膜莢黃芪中黃酮類化學(xué)成分研究
王雪1,唐生安1,段宏泉1,2
(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)1.藥學(xué)院,天津市臨床藥物關(guān)鍵技術(shù)重點實驗室;2.基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,天津300070)
目的:研究膜莢黃芪中黃酮類化學(xué)成分。方法:采用硅膠柱色譜和HPLC制備色譜方法分離純化得到單體化合物,采用有機波譜方法鑒定化合物結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果:從膜莢黃芪乙醇提取物中分離得到8個黃酮類化合物,分別為2′,7-二羥基-3′,4′-二甲氧基異黃烷-2′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),3′,4′-二甲基異黃烷(2),芒柄花素(3),芒柄花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),毛蕊異黃酮(5),(6aR,11aR)3-羥基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷(6),(6aR,11aR)9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),7,2′-二羥基-3′,4′-二甲氧基異黃烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)。結(jié)論:化合物1為首次從該屬植物中分離得到。
膜莢黃芪;化學(xué)成分;色譜分離;黃酮類;2′,7-二羥基-3′,4′-二甲氧基異黃烷-2′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷
膜莢黃芪(Astragalus membranceus(Fisch)Bge)是豆科黃芪屬植物,是黃芪的正品之一,為常用中藥[1],具有補氣固表,利尿脫毒,益氣補中之功效[2]。用于久瀉脫肛,久潰不斂,內(nèi)熱消渴,慢性腎炎蛋白尿糖尿病等[3]。黃芪的化學(xué)成分主要為三萜皂苷類、黃酮類和多糖類[4],本文主要對膜莢黃芪中黃酮類成分進行了研究。
1.1儀器、試劑及材料核磁共振儀:Bruker AV 400 instrument(TMS內(nèi)標(biāo));液質(zhì)聯(lián)用色譜儀:Alliance 2695,Quattro Micro TM ESI(Waters);半制備高效液相色譜儀:日本分光公司(JASC O),P U-2089(泵),RI-2031和UV-2075(檢測器);制備HPLC色譜柱:YMC-Pack SIL SL12S05-2510WT(10 mm×250 mm);氘代試劑(ALDRICH公司);柱色譜和薄層色譜用硅膠均系青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn),所用試劑均系分析純。
膜莢黃芪于2010年購買于陜西,由天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)藥學(xué)院唐生安副教授鑒定,標(biāo)本(D20100415)存放于天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)藥學(xué)院。
1.2提取分離將黃芪清膏600 g,加入95%乙醇(1 000 mL)浸泡3次,合并浸泡液,減壓濃縮浸泡液的總提取物143 g。將總提物混懸于水(2 000 mL)中,用乙酸乙酯(2 000 m L)萃取3次,合并萃取液,濃縮干燥稱重,得乙醇萃取物8 g(0101)。
0101經(jīng)HW-40柱分離,以二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)為流動相洗脫,得到6個組分(0401-0406);0404經(jīng)HPLC純化,以甲醇-水(8∶2)為流動相,得到化合物3(14.1 mg);0403經(jīng)HPLC純化,以甲醇-水(8∶2)為流動相,得到10個組分(0501-0510)。0503經(jīng)GPC純化,以甲醇為流動相,得到12個組分(1101-1112),其中1101為化合物4(38.9 mg),1109經(jīng)HPLC純化,以甲醇-水(7∶3)為流動相,得到化合物7(17.4 mg);0504經(jīng)GPC純化,以甲醇為流動相,得到化合物5(34.2 mg);0505經(jīng)GPC純化,以甲醇為流動相,得到11個組分(1501-1511),1508經(jīng)制備薄層色譜分離,以二氯甲醇-甲醇(95∶5)為展開劑,得到化合物2(9.5 m g)、化合物6(2.5 mg);0405經(jīng)GPC純化,以甲醇為流動相,得到化合物1(2.0 mg);0406經(jīng)GPC純化,以甲醇為流動相,得到化合物8(5.1 mg)。
從膜莢黃芪中分離得到8個化合物。
2.1化合物1 2′,7-二羥基-3′,4′-二甲氧基異黃烷-2′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,白色粉末。ESI-MS m/ z481[M+H]+(分子式C23H28O11)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δH:2.64(1H,dd,J=16.0Hz,3.5 Hz,H-4),2.79(1H,dd,J=16.0Hz,3.5 Hz,H-4),3.58(1H,m,H-3),3.72(3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.75(3H,s,4′-OCH3),3.78(1H,t,J=10.0Hz,H-2),4.27(1H,br.d,J= 10.0Hz,H-2),4.87(1H,d,J=6.7Hz,H-1″),6.18(1H,br.d,H-8),6.28(1H,d,J=8.1Hz,H-6),6.80(1H,d,J=8.7Hz,H-5′),6.85(1H,d,J=8.3Hz,H-5),6.90(1H,d,J=8.7Hz,H-6′);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δC:69.6(C-2),30.3(C-3),30.8(C-4),130.0(C-5),107.8(C-6),156.4(C-7),102.6(C-8),154.7(C-9),112.9(C-10),128.7(C-1′),147.6(C-2′),141.2(C-3′),152.1(C-4′),108.6(C-5′),121.6(C-6′),103.4(C-1″),73.9(C-2″),77.4(C-3″),70.2(C-4″),76.4(C-5″),61.3(C-6″),60.5(3′-OCH3),55.8(4′-OCH3)。
2.2化合物2 3′,4′-二甲基異黃烷,白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z319[M+H]+(分子式C17H18O6)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δH:2.74(1H,dd,J=15.4Hz,4.6 Hz,H-4),2.85(1H,m,H-4),3.32(1H,m,H-3),3.67(3H,s,H-3′-OCH3),3.75(3H,s,4′-OCH3),3.92(1H,t,J=10.0Hz,H-2),4.16(1H,br.d,J=10.3Hz,H-2),6.18(1H,d,J=2.1Hz,H-8),6.29(1H,d,J=2.2Hz,H-5),6.46(1H,d,J=2.3Hz,H-6),6.78(1H,d,J= 8.6Hz,H-5′),6.86(1H,d,J=8.2Hz,H-6′),8.90(1H,s,2′-OH),9.12(1H,s,7-OH);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δC:69.1(C-2),31.4(C-3),29.7(C-4),130.0(C-5),108.0(C-6),156.4(C-7),102.5(C-8),154.5(C-9),112.4(C-10),121.0(C-1′),148.1(C-2′),136.1(C-3′),151.6(C-4′),103.1(C-5′),121.4(C-6′),60.2(3′-OCH3),55.6(4′-OCH3)。
2.3化合物3芒柄花素,白色針晶。ESI-MS m/ z269[M+H]+(分子式C16H12O4)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δH:3.78(3H,s,-OCH3),6.87(1H,s,H-8),6.94(1H,dd,J=6.9Hz,1.9 Hz,H-6),6.99(2H,d,J= 8.6Hz,H-3′,5′),7.51(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,H-2′,6′),7.98(1H,d,J=8.8Hz,H-5),8.34(1H,s,H-2),10.82(1H,s,7-OH);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δC:153.1(C-2),124.2(C-3),174.6(C-4),127.3(C-5),115.2(C-6),162.6(C-7),102.1(C-8),157.4(C-9),116.6(C-10),123.1(C-1′),130.0(C-2′),113.6(C-3′),158.9(C-4′),113.6(C-5′),130.0(C-6′),55.1(4′-OCH3)。
2.4化合物4芒柄花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,白色針晶。ESI-MS m/z431[M+H]+(分子式C22H22O9)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δH:3.79(3H,s,-OCH3),5.10(1H,d,J=5.9Hz,H-1″),7.00(2H,d,J=8.3Hz,H-3′,5′),7.15(1H,d,J=8.9Hz,H-6),7.25(1H,m,H-8),7.54(2H,d,J=8.2Hz,H-2′,6′),8.06(1H,d,J= 8.8Hz,H-5),8.44(1H,s,H-2);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δC:154.1(C-2),123.8(C-3),175.1(C-4),127.4(C-5),116.1(C-6),161.9(C-7),103.9(C-8),157.5(C-9),118.9(C-10),124.5(C-1′),130.0(C-2′),114.1(C-3′),159.5(C-4′),114.1(C-5′),130.0(C-6′),100.5(C-1″),73.6(C-2″),77.0(C-3″),69.6(C-4″),77.2(C-5″),61.1(C-6″),55.6(4′-OCH3)。
2.5化合物5毛蕊異黃酮,白色針晶。ESI-MS m/ z285[M+H]+(分子式C16H12O5)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δH:3.80(3H,s,-OCH3),6.87(1H,br.s,H-6),6.93(1H,br.s,H-6),6.95(2H,br.s,H-5′,6′),7.06(1H,br.s,H-2′),7.97(1H,d,J=8.8Hz,H-5),8.29(1H,s,H-2);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δC:153.0(C-2),123.3(C-3),174.5(C-4),127.3(C-5),115.1(C-6),162.5(C-7),102.1(C-8),157.3(C-9),116.6(C-10),124.7(C-1′),116.4(C-2′),146.0(C-3′),147.5(C-4′),111.9(C-5′),119.7(C-6′),55.6(4′-OCH3)。
2.6化合物6(6aR,11aR)3-羥基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷,白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z301[M+H]+(分子式C17H16O5)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δH:3.61(1H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-6a),3.70(3H,s,10-OCH3),3.73(3H,s,9-OCH3),4.23(1H,dd,J=10.0Hz,6.0 Hz,H-6),5.56(1H,d,J=5.8Hz,H-11a),6.25(1H,br.d,H-4),6.48(1H,dd,J=8.3Hz,2.0Hz,H-2),6.52(1H,d,J= 8.2Hz,H-8),6.98(1H,d,J=8.1Hz,H-7),7.30(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,H-1),9.65(1H,br.d,3-OH);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δC:132.1(C-1),109.7(C-2),158.8(C-3),102.7(C-4),156.2(C-4a),65.6(C-6),39.2(C-6a),121.8(C-6b),118.7(C-7),104.9(C-8),152.7(C-9),133.3(C-10),151.0(C-11),78.5(C-11a),111.0(C-11b),56.0(9-OCH3),59.8(10-OCH3)。
2.7化合物7(6aR,11aR)9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,白色針晶。ESI-MS m/z463[M+H]+(分子式C23H26O10)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δH:3.71(1H,m,H-6a),3.73(3H,s,10-OCH3),3.79(3H,s,9-OCH3),4.28(1H,d,J=7.1Hz,H-6),4.85(1H,d,J=7.4Hz,H-1′),5.63(1H,d,J=6.5Hz,H-11a),6.53(1H,m,H-8),6.55(1H,d,J=3.2Hz,H-4),6.72(1H,d,J=8.6Hz,H-2),7.01(1H,d,J=8.6Hz,H-7),7.42(1H,d,J=8.5Hz,H-1);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δC:132.0(C-1),110.4(C-2),158.5(C-3),103.9(C-4),156.1(C-4a),65.7(C-6),39.2(C-6a),121.5(C-6b),118.7(C-7),105.1(C-8),152.7(C-9),133.3(C-10),151.0(C-11),78.2(C-11a),114.0(C-11b),100.2(C-1′),73.1(C-2′),76.5(C-3′),69.6(C-4′),77.0(C-5′),60.6(C-6′),59.8(9-OCH3),56.0(10-OCH3)。
2.8化合物8 7,2′-二羥基-3′,4′-二甲氧基異黃烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z481[M+H]+(分子式C23H28O11)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δH:2.81(1H,dd,J=15.8Hz,4.7 Hz,H-4),2.94(1H,dd,J=15.9Hz,5.2 Hz,H-4),3.19(1H,t,J= 5.5Hz,H-2”),3.46(1H,t,J=5.9Hz,H-3),3.69(3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.75(3H,s,4′-OCH3),3.97(1H,t,J= 9.9Hz,H-2),4.20(1H,d,J=10.1Hz,H-2),4.77(1H,d,J=9.4Hz,H-1”),5.25(1H,d,J=4.6Hz,H-6),6.47(1H,br.s,H-5′),6.54(1H,d,J=8.2Hz,H-8),6.79(1H,d,J=8.6Hz,H-6′),7.00(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,H-5);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,100MHz)δC:69.7(C-2),31.8(C-3),29.5(C-4),130.5(C-5),109.3(C-6),157.2(C-7),104.4(C-8),154.9(C-9),116.2(C-10),121.3(C-1′),148.6(C-2′),136.6(C-3′),152.1(C-4′),103.7(C-5′),121.9(C-6′),101.1(C-1”),73.7(C-2”),77.1(C-3”),70.2(C-4”),77.5(C-5”),61.2(C-6”),60.7(3′-OCH3),56.1(4′-OCH3)。
本文對膜莢黃芪進行化學(xué)成分分離、純化并得到單體化合物。通過核磁共振波譜、質(zhì)譜等方法確定化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果表明,從膜莢黃芪分離得到8個化合物,1H-NMR和13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道一致,依次鑒定為2′,7-二羥基-3′,4′-二甲氧基異黃烷-2′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)[5],3′,4′-二甲基異黃烷(2)[6],芒柄花素(3)[7],芒柄花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)[8],毛蕊異黃酮(5)[9],(6aR,11aR)3-羥基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷(6)[10],(6aR,11aR)9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)[11],7,2′-二羥基-3′,4′-二甲氧基異黃烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)[12]。其中1為本屬植物中首次分離得到,豐富了豆科黃芪屬植物化學(xué)成分研究。黃酮類成分是黃芪中非常重要的藥理活性成分,具有清除氧自由基、抑制脂質(zhì)過氧化、維持血中NO濃度和保護缺血再灌注損傷等多種藥理活性[13]。目前中藥譜效關(guān)系研究中,以多成分協(xié)同作用為主,但各成分對藥效的貢獻程度不同。本文分離制備更多的單體化合物,進而對中藥各單體化合物的藥效關(guān)系進行研究,為進一步深入研究黃芪化學(xué)成分和藥理作用提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
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(2016-01-12收稿)
Studies on flavonoids and related constituents from Astragalus membranceus(Fisch)Bge
WANG Xue1,TANG Sheng-an1,DUAN Hong-quan1,2
(Tianjin Medical University 1.School of Pharmacy,Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics(Theranostics);2.Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences,Tianjin 300070,China)
Objective:To study flavonoids and related constituents from Astragalus membranceus(Fisch)Bge.M ethods:Chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography(silica geland preparative HPLC).Their structures were elucidated by spectral data analysis.Results:Eight compounds(1-8)were isolated and their structures were identified by comparing their spectral data with literature values as follows:sphaerophyside SB(1),isomucronulatol(2),formononetin(3),formononetin-7-O-β-D-glycoside(4),calycosin(5),methylnissolin(6),(6aR,11aR)9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glycoside(7),7,2′-dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxy-isoflavane-7-O-β-D-glycoside(8).Conclusion:Compounds 1 could be isolated from this plant for the first time.
Astragalus membranceus(Fisch)Bge;chemical constituents;chromatographic separation;flavonoids;sphaerophyside SB
R91
A
1006-8147(2016)05-0409-03
王雪(1986-),女,實驗師,碩士,研究方向:天然藥物化學(xué);
段宏泉,E-m ail:duanhq@tmu.edu.cn。