岳章顯,劉釗臣,邱春麗
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綜合治療新生血管性青光眼的療效觀察
岳章顯,劉釗臣,邱春麗
Department of Ophthalmology,Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei Province, China
Correspondence to:Chun-Li Qiu. Department of Ophthalmology, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei Province, China. 951480339@qq.com
Received:2016-05-10Accepted:2016-07-04
?AIM:To observe the clinical efficacy of intravitreal Lucentis injection combined with panretinal photocoagulation (PPR) and compound trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma (NVG).
?METHODS:A total of 14 cases (14 eyes) with NVG were collected from January to November 2015. All cases were treated with intravitreal lucentis injection, PPR and compound trabeculectomy by turns. Intraocular pressure(IOP), visual acuity and the complications at pre-or post-surgery were recorded, respectively.
?RESULTS: Followed up for 3-6mo, the average IOP preoperatively was significantly decreased than that detected at post-operation (18.00±6.70vs41.65±4.07mmHg,t=11.288,P<0.05). IOP less than 21mmHg with or without the usage of anti-intraocular pressure drugs was defined as the sign of successful or effective surgery, respectively. At the ultimate follow-up, 11 cases were successful, 2 cases were effective, and the success rate was 79%, effective rate was 14%. Only 1 case was applied cyclocryotherapy due to the uncontrolled IOP. Moreover, the results of visual acuity detection demonstrated that 6 eyes got a better visual acuity, 7 eyes remained the same condition and 1 case got no light perception. Meanwhile, 13 cases showed none iris neovascularization during the follow-up; 1 case got a reappearance of iris neovascularization on the third month, which was then dissolved subjected to the intravitreal lucentis injection in combination with PPR. One case developed post-operative hyphema and absorbed after 1wk. No shallow anterior chamber and eyeball atrophy happened.
?CONCLUSION:Intravitreal lucentis injection combined with PPR and compound trabeculectomy is an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NVG.
Citation:Yue ZX, Liu ZC, Qiu CL. Clinical observation of comprehensive treatment for neovascular glaucoma.GuojiYankeZazhi(IntEyeSci) 2016;16(8):1561-1563
摘要
目的:評(píng)價(jià)玻璃體腔雷珠單抗注射聯(lián)合全視網(wǎng)膜激光光凝(panretinal photocoagulation,PPR)及復(fù)合小梁切除術(shù)治療新生血管性青光眼的臨床療效。
方法:收集我院2015-01/11確診為新生血管性青光眼患者14例14眼,依次行玻璃體腔雷珠單抗注射、PPR及復(fù)合小梁切除術(shù)治療。觀察術(shù)后眼壓、視力、虹膜新生血管及術(shù)中術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的情況。
結(jié)果:經(jīng)3~6mo觀察及隨訪,末次隨訪平均眼壓為18.00±6.70mmHg,較術(shù)前平均眼壓(41.65±4.07mmHg)有顯著降低(t=11.288,P<0.05)。手術(shù)成功定義為未輔助用降眼壓藥物,眼壓<21mmHg;有效定義為輔助用降眼壓藥物,眼壓<21mmHg。末次隨訪11眼眼壓<21mmHg,成功率為79%;2眼有效(14%);1眼失敗,眼壓失控后行睫狀體冷凍治療。視力檢查結(jié)果顯示6眼稍有提高,7眼不變,1眼減退;13眼虹膜新生血管消失,1眼在隨訪的第3mo消失的虹膜新生血管又復(fù)現(xiàn),給予再次玻璃體腔雷珠單抗注射并補(bǔ)充眼底視網(wǎng)膜激光治療后消失;術(shù)后前房積血1眼,1wk后吸收,未出現(xiàn)術(shù)后淺前房及眼球萎縮患者。
結(jié)論:玻璃體腔雷珠單抗注射及復(fù)合小梁切除術(shù)聯(lián)合PPR治療新生血管性青光眼安全、可靠,療效確定。
關(guān)鍵詞:新生血管性青光眼;雷珠單抗;復(fù)合小梁切除術(shù);視網(wǎng)膜光凝
引用:岳章顯,劉釗臣,邱春麗.綜合治療新生血管性青光眼的療效觀察.國(guó)際眼科雜志2016;16(8):1561-1563
0引言
新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)是一種難治性青光眼,多繼發(fā)于廣泛性視網(wǎng)膜缺血,如視網(wǎng)膜靜脈阻塞、糖尿病性視網(wǎng)膜病變等,其臨床特點(diǎn)為在原發(fā)性眼病基礎(chǔ)上出現(xiàn)虹膜新生血管[1]。NVG纖維血管膜收縮牽拉使房角關(guān)閉,導(dǎo)致眼壓升高,引起劇烈疼痛[2]。虹膜新生血管的形成以及角膜霧狀水腫可明顯增加抗青光眼手術(shù)治療失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。目前,針對(duì)抗血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的靶向藥物治療策略為NVG的治療提供了新思路,能夠減少?gòu)?fù)合小梁切除術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,提高手術(shù)成功率[3-4]。同時(shí),針對(duì)NVG眼底缺血缺氧的治療(如全視網(wǎng)膜激光光凝術(shù))亦不容忽視。
1對(duì)象和方法
1.1對(duì)象收集病例為我院2015-01/11確診為新生血管性青光眼患者14例14眼,其中男8例8眼,女6例6眼,年齡22~76(平均45.8±12.6)歲。原發(fā)性糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變5例5眼,視網(wǎng)膜靜脈阻塞6例6眼,高血壓性視網(wǎng)膜病變2例2眼,眼外傷1例1眼。手術(shù)前視力:無(wú)光感1眼,光感、眼前/手動(dòng)5眼,指數(shù)~0.05者6眼,0.05~0.2者2眼。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):所有患者局部用降眼壓藥物眼壓控制不佳,眼壓>21mmHg,且未曾行抗青光眼手術(shù),虹膜可見新生血管,房角鏡下房角大部分粘連關(guān)閉且年齡20~80歲;與此同時(shí)病例組入選患者同時(shí)要排除心、肝、腦、腎功能不全、妊娠及哺乳期婦女不宜行手術(shù)的患者。
1.2方法
1.2.1玻璃體穿刺注藥術(shù)所有患者藥物降壓后先在手術(shù)室行玻璃體注藥。慶大霉素稀釋液沖洗結(jié)膜囊后,于角膜緣后4mm睫狀體平坦部行玻璃體腔注射雷珠單抗0.05mL,術(shù)后涂妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏包眼,局部點(diǎn)左氧氟沙星眼液及妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏1wk。
1.2.2視網(wǎng)膜激光光凝術(shù)玻璃體腔注射雷珠單抗1wk后行視網(wǎng)膜激光光凝術(shù),采用532nm半導(dǎo)體激光,光斑大小200~300μm,曝光時(shí)間0.2s,能量大小以出現(xiàn)Ⅲ級(jí)光斑為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。全視網(wǎng)膜光凝分4次完成,每次300~400點(diǎn)。視網(wǎng)膜分支靜脈阻塞及視網(wǎng)膜靜脈周圍炎根據(jù)FFA顯示病變部位行視網(wǎng)膜局部光凝,治療參數(shù)同全視網(wǎng)膜光凝。小梁切除術(shù)前盡量完成全視網(wǎng)膜光凝。如果眼壓高、角膜水腫無(wú)法完成,則在術(shù)后再補(bǔ)充完成全視網(wǎng)膜光凝。如果患眼有玻璃體積血,則需在玻璃體腔注射雷珠單抗后1wk先行玻璃體切除手術(shù),再行視網(wǎng)膜激光光凝術(shù)。
1.2.3復(fù)合式小梁切除術(shù)視網(wǎng)膜激光光凝完成后1wk行復(fù)合式小梁切除術(shù),做以角膜緣為基底的球結(jié)膜瓣,分離結(jié)膜下組織,于睫狀體平坦部做以角膜緣為基底的4mm×4mm大小的1/2厚度的鞏膜瓣分離至角鞏膜緣,鞏膜瓣下放置含有抗纖維抑制劑MMC(絲裂霉素)棉片,濃度為0.25~0.4mg/mL,置放時(shí)間為3~5min(患者年齡越大,使用濃度越小,置放時(shí)間越短;年齡越小,使用濃度越大,時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),依此經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行)。切除2mm×1mm角膜小梁鞏膜組織,在方形鞏膜瓣后兩角固定2針后,兩側(cè)作可拆除調(diào)整縫線,檢查濾過(guò)道通暢,予以間斷縫合球結(jié)膜,術(shù)畢涂妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏后包眼。以上操作均由同一高年資醫(yī)師完成。
1.2.4觀察指標(biāo)經(jīng)3~6mo隨訪,觀察術(shù)后眼壓、視力、虹膜新生血管及術(shù)中術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的情況。
2結(jié)果
2.1術(shù)后眼壓末次隨訪平均眼壓為18.00±6.70mmHg,較術(shù)前平均眼壓(41.65±4.07mmHg)有顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=11.288,P<0.05)。末次隨訪11眼眼壓<21mmHg,成功率為79%;2眼有效(14%);1眼失敗,眼壓失控后行睫狀體冷凍治療。
2.2術(shù)后視力患者6眼稍有提高(1眼光感~手動(dòng),3眼手動(dòng)~眼前/數(shù)指,2眼眼前/指數(shù)~0.04),7眼不變,1眼減退(1眼手動(dòng)~光感)。
2.3術(shù)后虹膜新生血管術(shù)后13眼虹膜新生血管消退,1眼在隨訪的第3mo消失的虹膜新生血管又復(fù)現(xiàn),給予再次玻璃體腔雷珠單抗注射并補(bǔ)充眼底視網(wǎng)膜激光治療后消失。
2.4術(shù)后并發(fā)癥術(shù)后前房積血1眼,1wk后吸收,未出現(xiàn)術(shù)后淺前房及眼球萎縮患者。
3討論
NVG作為一種難治性青光眼,致盲率高達(dá)92.4%[5],是視網(wǎng)膜缺血性眼病的嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥。視網(wǎng)膜缺血缺氧刺激VEGF形成與釋放,導(dǎo)致新生血管形成。NVG早期新生血管長(zhǎng)入房角并分布于小梁網(wǎng)上,纖維組織膜阻塞小梁網(wǎng);后期纖維血管膜收縮牽拉,致使房角關(guān)閉、眼壓升高及角膜水腫[6]。因此,新生血管性青光眼的治療關(guān)鍵在于治療引起視網(wǎng)膜缺血、缺氧的原發(fā)病,同時(shí)針對(duì)視網(wǎng)膜缺血、缺氧給予及時(shí)有效的治療(如激光光凝術(shù)),遏制促使眼內(nèi)組織產(chǎn)生新生血管因子的微環(huán)境,從而進(jìn)一步阻斷新生血管性青光眼發(fā)生發(fā)展的病理生理過(guò)程。然而,由于眼壓升高引起角膜水腫常無(wú)法行全視網(wǎng)膜光凝,而藥物降低眼壓療效不顯著;單純行復(fù)合小梁切除術(shù)因虹膜新生血管出血、濾過(guò)泡瘢痕化,手術(shù)成功率低。因此NVG的治療一直是我們急需解決的難題。
大量研究發(fā)現(xiàn),VEGF在刺激內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增生過(guò)程中發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用[7]。VEGF特異性作用于血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞受體,促進(jìn)視網(wǎng)膜新生血管增生,同時(shí)導(dǎo)致玻璃體內(nèi)VEGF濃度升高,并擴(kuò)散至房角形成新生血管,從而引起粘連性房角關(guān)閉,眼壓升高,最終導(dǎo)致NVG[8]。雷珠單抗作為一種VEGF受體與人免疫球蛋白Fc段基因重組的融合蛋白,該藥物通過(guò)結(jié)合血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子VEGF,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制VEGF與受體結(jié)合并阻止VEGF家族受體的激活,從而抑制內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖和血管新生,達(dá)到治療眼部新生血管性疾病的目的[9]。
本研究中所有患者玻璃體腔內(nèi)注射雷珠單抗5d內(nèi)虹膜表面新生血管明顯消退,10d內(nèi)大部分病例新生血管完全消失,后補(bǔ)充全視網(wǎng)膜激光光凝后幾乎所有病例新生血管消失。在新生血管消退后進(jìn)行復(fù)合小梁切除手術(shù),顯著降低了術(shù)中、術(shù)后前房出血的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并抑制了VEGF所介導(dǎo)的炎癥血管滲漏,減輕術(shù)后炎癥反應(yīng),延緩濾過(guò)泡瘢痕化。同時(shí),術(shù)中聯(lián)合應(yīng)用絲裂霉素也可以起到抑制瘢痕化的作用,從而提高手術(shù)的成功率。隨著雷珠單抗在眼內(nèi)的代謝,VEGF表達(dá)水平可再次升高,可再次出現(xiàn)新生血管。因此,在行玻璃體腔注射雷珠單抗后,在避免發(fā)生眼內(nèi)感染的前提下,應(yīng)盡快完成視網(wǎng)膜激光光凝術(shù),從而改善視網(wǎng)膜缺血缺氧環(huán)境,減少眼內(nèi)VEGF因子的釋放,阻止病情進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。同時(shí),既往研究也證實(shí):以完成全視網(wǎng)膜光凝為目標(biāo),抗VEGF治療和抗青光眼手術(shù)為手段的NVG“綜合治療”方法能有效控制患者眼壓,并最大限度保護(hù)患者的視功能[10]。
從治療效果來(lái)看,玻璃體腔注射雷珠單抗后聯(lián)合全視網(wǎng)膜光凝和復(fù)合小梁切除術(shù)治療新生血管性青光眼術(shù)后眼壓控制良好,成功率較高。與此同時(shí),從手術(shù)并發(fā)癥上來(lái)看,術(shù)后前房出血及眼球萎縮比例小。綜上所述,雷珠單抗玻璃體內(nèi)注射可以有效抑制新生血管形成,減少?gòu)?fù)合小梁切除術(shù)中、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,提高手術(shù)安全性與成功率,對(duì)NVG治療具有積極意義,能夠挽救患者視力,保留患者眼球。由于本組病例觀察時(shí)間較短(最長(zhǎng)為6mo),同時(shí)納入病例數(shù)較少,研究過(guò)程中可能存在一定的偏倚,還需進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大研究樣本來(lái)客觀評(píng)價(jià)玻璃體腔注射雷珠單抗聯(lián)合全視網(wǎng)膜光凝術(shù)和復(fù)合小梁切除術(shù)治療新生血管性青光眼的療效。
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作者單位:(432000)中國(guó)湖北省孝感市中心醫(yī)院眼科
作者簡(jiǎn)介:岳章顯,畢業(yè)于湖北三峽學(xué)院,副主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:青光眼、眼底病。
通訊作者:邱春麗,女,畢業(yè)于新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué),碩士,住院醫(yī)師,研究方向:綜合眼科.951480339@qq.com
收稿日期:2016-05-10 修回日期: 2016-07-04
DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.8.43
?KEYWORDS:neovascular glaucoma; lucentis; compound trabeculectomy; panretinal photocoagulation
Clinical observation of comprehensive treatment for neovascular glaucoma
Zhang-Xian Yue, Zhao-Chen Liu,Chun-Li Qiu
Abstract