張安玲 林泓兵 王麗萍 賈 林
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長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)孕婦牙周狀況影響因素調(diào)查
張安玲林泓兵王麗萍賈林
【摘要】目的 探討影響長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)孕婦牙周狀況的相關(guān)因素,從而提出針對(duì)性的口腔衛(wèi)生指導(dǎo)。方法 隨機(jī)選取650名孕婦,通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查對(duì)其進(jìn)行口腔衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣和牙周狀況相關(guān)性的橫向研究。應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行方差分析。結(jié)果 長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)孕婦在口腔保健方面的認(rèn)知普遍較低,而正確實(shí)踐者所占的比率更少。針對(duì)“是否每日至少刷牙2次”、“是否飯后刷牙”、“是否使用牙線或牙間隙刷”及“每年是否接受至少2次口腔檢查”等問(wèn)題,正確認(rèn)知是正確實(shí)踐的決定因素,P<0.05有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。而對(duì)于“孕期是否需接受口腔檢查”、“孕期是否可以進(jìn)行口腔治療”等問(wèn)題,受教育程度和工作狀況才是決定因素,P<0.05有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 本研究得出長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)孕婦口腔保健的知識(shí)缺乏,有必要將口腔健康教育加入到產(chǎn)前護(hù)理中。
【關(guān)鍵詞】孕婦;牙周狀況影響因素;長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)
由于激素水平的變化,妊娠期婦女對(duì)于牙齦炎和牙周炎的易感性增加。近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外許多研究發(fā)現(xiàn),牙周炎與早產(chǎn)兒及低出生體重兒等多種不良妊娠結(jié)局之間存在著聯(lián)系[1]。因此,通過(guò)糾正孕婦的口腔保健知識(shí)、行為等可有效地預(yù)防牙周疾病的發(fā)生,在一定程度上避免不良妊娠結(jié)局的出現(xiàn)。本研究的目的在于評(píng)價(jià)長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)孕婦孕期正確的口腔保健知識(shí)的認(rèn)知與實(shí)踐情況,從而有針對(duì)性地對(duì)孕婦進(jìn)行口腔健康指導(dǎo)。
1.1一般資料
隨機(jī)選取2014年11月~2015年5月在吉林大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院一汽總醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科就診的650名孕婦,年齡20~37歲,孕周12~36周。本研究通過(guò)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審核,所有孕婦在明確了解此項(xiàng)調(diào)查目的的情況下自愿參加。
1.2方法
問(wèn)卷調(diào)查包括年齡、孕周、學(xué)歷、工作狀況、是否每日至少刷牙2次、是否飯后刷牙、是否使用牙線或牙間隙刷、每年是否接受至少2次口腔檢查、孕期是否需接受口腔檢查、孕期是否可以進(jìn)行口腔治療等內(nèi)容。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查表中問(wèn)題的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行方差分析。
2.1孕婦口腔保健知識(shí)與行為分析
對(duì)650名孕婦進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。針對(duì)口腔保健的6個(gè)相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)(見圖1)。由圖1可見,長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)孕婦“飯后刷牙”及“使用牙線或牙間隙刷”等口腔衛(wèi)生維護(hù)方面的認(rèn)知正確率和實(shí)踐正確率較低。知道“孕期需接受口腔檢查”及“孕期可進(jìn)行口腔治療”的孕婦占65.4%和54.3%,而真正實(shí)踐者僅占32.2%和22.3%。由此可見,東北地區(qū)孕婦在口腔保健方面的認(rèn)知普遍較低,而正確實(shí)踐者所占的比率更少。
2.2正確認(rèn)知對(duì)于正確實(shí)踐的指導(dǎo)意義分析
針對(duì)“是否每日至少刷牙2次”、“是否飯后刷牙”、“是否使用牙線或牙間隙刷”及“每年是否接受至少2次口腔檢查”等問(wèn)題,正確的認(rèn)知與正確實(shí)踐比較P值分別是0.012,0.000,0.000和0.000,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(見表1)。而對(duì)于“孕期是否需接受口腔檢查”、“孕期是否可以進(jìn)行口腔治療”等問(wèn)題,正確的認(rèn)知與正確實(shí)踐比較P值分別是0.088和0.065,無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。受教育程度和工作狀況才是決定孕期是否接受口腔檢查和孕期是否進(jìn)行口腔治療的關(guān)鍵因素,P<0.05有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,年齡對(duì)于孕期是否接受口腔檢查和孕期是否進(jìn)行口腔治療無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P =0.248(見表2)。
表1 正確認(rèn)知對(duì)于正確實(shí)踐的指導(dǎo)意義分析
表2 孕婦口腔檢查和口腔治療相關(guān)因素分析
圖1 孕婦口腔保健知識(shí)與行為分析
牙周疾病是常見的口腔疾病,是指發(fā)生在牙齦、牙周膜、牙骨質(zhì)和牙槽骨部位的慢性、進(jìn)行性、破壞性疾病,口腔內(nèi)細(xì)菌可隨血運(yùn)通過(guò)胎盤,對(duì)胎兒的健康造成不良影響[2]。
有研究顯示錯(cuò)誤的刷牙方法、過(guò)少的刷牙次數(shù)或不刷牙等必然導(dǎo)致口腔衛(wèi)生不佳甚至引起牙周組織的破壞[3-4]。通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查我們發(fā)現(xiàn),東北地區(qū)孕婦在“是否每日至少刷牙2次”、“是否飯后刷牙”、“是否使用牙線或牙間隙刷”及“每年是否接受至少2次口腔檢查”等問(wèn)題的認(rèn)知和實(shí)踐方面的正確性普遍較低。主要由于非醫(yī)療途徑獲取的口腔保健知識(shí)不正確[5];妊娠期惡心、嘔吐;以及中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為,妊娠期女性刷牙會(huì)影響胎兒,因此部分女性在妊娠期間會(huì)避免刷牙。由此可見糾正錯(cuò)誤的觀念并增強(qiáng)育齡期婦女這一特殊人群口腔保健意識(shí)顯得尤為重要。有必要將口腔健康教育加入到產(chǎn)前護(hù)理中,產(chǎn)前保健人員應(yīng)該進(jìn)行相關(guān)知識(shí)的培訓(xùn),建議妊娠期女性進(jìn)行口腔護(hù)理。
研究顯示,牙周炎癥會(huì)導(dǎo)致低出生體重兒和早產(chǎn)兒概率增加[6-8]。有研究針對(duì)“孕期是否需接受口腔檢查”、“孕期是否可以進(jìn)行口腔治療”等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示工作、距離、候診時(shí)間和對(duì)醫(yī)療工作者缺乏信心等原因均可造成孕婦就診率低[9-11]。本研究顯示受教育程度和工作狀況不僅是影響長(zhǎng)春地區(qū)孕婦就診率的決定因素,對(duì)孕婦牙周狀況及對(duì)患有牙周炎孕婦炎癥程度的影響也有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。受教育程度可能決定女性的收入情況及工作狀況,而工作狀況決定女性的社會(huì)地位,這兩個(gè)因素可能影響個(gè)人的衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣,決定是否能接受和堅(jiān)持執(zhí)行自我保健和定期體檢等。因此有必要對(duì)孕婦進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的個(gè)性化指導(dǎo)。
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Study on the Periodontal Influential Factors of Pregnant Women in Changchun
ZHANG AnlingLIN HongbingWANG LipingJIA LinFAW General Hospital,Changchun 130011,China
【Abstract】
Objective To explore the periodontal influential factors of pregnant women in changchun,and then puts forward the oral healthy guidance. Methods Randomly selected 650 pregnant women,used correlation cross-sectional study through the questionnaire survey on the oral hygiene and periodontal status. SPSS 17.0 statistical was used to do variance analysis. Results The oral healthy cognition of pregnant women in changchun was generally low.According to the questions of “brushing at least twice daily”,“brushing after breakfast and dinner”,”using floss daily”,“having a dental checkup at least twice yearly”,correct knowledge was the decisive factor for the correct practice,with statistically significance(P<0.05). But according to the questions of “should had a dental checkup during pregnancy” and “should not avoid dental treatment during pregnancy”,level of education and job status were the deciding factor,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion This study concluded that pregnant women in changchun area lack of oral healthy knowledge,so it is necessary to add the oral health education to the prenatal care.
【Key words】Pregnant women,Periodontal influential factors,Changchun
基金項(xiàng)目:中國(guó)第一汽車集團(tuán)公司科技項(xiàng)目(KY2014-09)
通訊作者:張安玲,E-mail:linhongbing3305@126.com
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2016.01.005
【中圖分類號(hào)】R181
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】1674-9316(2016)01-0007-03
作者單位:130011 長(zhǎng)春,一汽總醫(yī)院