□董明義
可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞分項(xiàng)解析
□董明義
英語中的名詞按其表示的事物的性質(zhì)的不同,可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,這兩種名詞在意義和用法上是有區(qū)別的。
1.可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,表示一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用單數(shù);表示一個(gè)以上的人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)??蓴?shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí),其前可用不定冠詞a/an。如:a/one book一本書three books三本書
不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式,不可與不定冠詞a/an連用。如不能說:a milk,three salt等。
2.在表示特指時(shí),可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞前都能用定冠詞the來修飾。如:
Pass me the apples,please.請把蘋果遞給我。
The chicken on the table is Jim’s.桌子上的雞肉是吉姆的。
3.可數(shù)名詞可用數(shù)詞直接來修飾,不可數(shù)名詞則不能用數(shù)詞直接修飾;不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時(shí),要用“數(shù)詞+量名詞(可數(shù))+of+不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如:five tomatoes(五個(gè)西紅柿),three cups of tea(三杯茶)。
4.some,any,a lot of,lots of等既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞;many,a few,few等只能修飾可數(shù)名詞;much,a little,little等只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:some tea(一些茶),some apples(一些蘋果),much beef (很多牛肉),many strawberries(很多草莓)等。
5.可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致;不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。若不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)量名詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Some boys are in the classroom.一些男孩在教室里。
Is there any water in the glass?玻璃杯里有水嗎?
There are five bottles of milk on the table.桌子上有五瓶牛奶。
6.名詞作定語時(shí),不論所修飾的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),一般都用單數(shù)形式;而當(dāng)man,woman作定語時(shí),要與它所修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如:an apple tree一棵蘋果樹two apple trees兩棵蘋果樹a woman doctor一名女醫(yī)生five women doctors五名女醫(yī)生
7.表示時(shí)間、距離、數(shù)量、錢數(shù)等的詞語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.兩個(gè)小時(shí)對我來說完成這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。
8.對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時(shí),要用how many;對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時(shí),用how much;但對量名詞的數(shù)量提問時(shí),要用how many。如:
There is much bread in the basket.(對劃線部分提問)→How much bread is there in the basket?
I would like two bottles of yogurt.(對劃線部分提問)→How much yogurt would you like?
鏈接中考:
1.—May I take your order,sir?
—___________.
A.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices.
B.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice.
C.Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of rice.(2016湖北恩施)
2.—___________Disney amusement parks are there in China?
—Two.
A.How many B.How often
C.How soon D.How long(2016上海)
3.—___________pocket money do you usually get every month?
—Fifty yuan.What about you?
A.How often B.How long
C.How many D.How much(2015江蘇揚(yáng)州)
4.For kids of this age,two hours of sitting in a classroom ___________ too long.
A.is B.are C.was D.were(2015四川綿陽)
參考答案:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A