□邱世才
How much much與HowHow manymany知“多少”
□邱世才
How much...?與How many...?是特殊疑問句中表示“多少”的常用句式,你對它們的用法了解多少呢?下面,我們來對How much與How many的用法作個對比,你心中的疑惑定能一一化解。
1.“how much”意為“多少”“幾個”,how much用于疑問句中,修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:
How much meat do you want to buy?你想要多少肉?
2.“how many”意為“多少”“幾個”,用于疑問句中,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或集體名詞。如:
How many apples would you like?你想要多少蘋果?
1.How much除了用于詢問數(shù)目多少外,也可詢問價格。在句式上有兩種不同結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
(1)How much is+單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞?如:
How much is the bottle of orange,please?請問這瓶桔子汁多少錢?
(2)How much are+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)?這是詢問商品價格的句型。如:
How much are the oranges,please?請問桔子多少錢?
鏈接:How much用于詢問價錢,表示“多少錢”,通常不說How much money...,how much用來詢問某商品的價格時,其后面的be動詞是is還是are,由句子的主語單、復(fù)數(shù)來確定。若句子主語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時,用“How much is...?”;若句子主語是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,用“How much are...?”。
2.How many...?是用來詢問數(shù)目多少的特殊疑問句的句型。常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種,如:
(1)How many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+助動詞(情態(tài)動詞)+主語+動詞原形?如:
How many birds can you see?你能看見幾只鳥?
(2)How many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+be there+主語?如:
How many children are there under the tree?樹下有幾個小孩?
1.How much...?詢問價格的應(yīng)用時,因購買的物品名詞有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之分,所以隨句式不同,回答的方式也不同。如:
(1)How much is+單數(shù)名詞+…?用于詢問商品的價錢。
—How much is the coke,please?請問可口可樂多少錢?
—It’s two yuan a bottle.二元錢一瓶。
(2)How much is+不可數(shù)名詞+…?用于詢問商品的價錢。
—How much is the bottle of orange,please?請問這瓶桔子汁多少錢?
—It’s one yuan a bottle.一元錢一瓶。
(3)How much are+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+…?用于詢問商品的價錢。
—How much are the oranges,please?請問這些桔子多少錢?
—They are two yuan a kilo.兩元錢一公斤。
回答時,用:It’s+價格,其中it指代問句中的單個商品;用They’re+價格,其中they指代問句中的多個商品,也可直接用具體的價格來回答。如:
—How much is the dictionary?這本字典多少錢?
—(It’s)38 yuan.38元。
鏈接:詢問價錢還可以用:How much,please?/How much do you want for it?/How much do you say it is?/What’s the price of...?/ How much(What)does it cost?如:
What’s the price of this book?/What does this book cost?這本書多少錢?
2.How much...?詢問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的應(yīng)用。How much...?/How much+不可數(shù)名詞?用于詢問數(shù)量,表示對物體的數(shù)量提問。much用來修飾或限定不可數(shù)名詞,how much強(qiáng)調(diào)量的多少。如:
—How much rice do you want?你想要多少大米?
—One bag.一袋。
—How much do you want?你想要多少?
—I want some chicken.我要一些雞肉。
鏈接:How much is...?對四則運(yùn)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行提問,此時How much可與What互換。
—How much/What is two and four?二加四等于多少?
—It’s six.等于六。
3.對How many...?問句進(jìn)行回答,通常有三種不同的應(yīng)答方式。
(1)回答“(一個也)沒有”,可用not any。如:
—How many balls are there under the table?桌子下面有多少個球?
—There aren’t any.一個也沒有。
(2)回答“只有一個”,可用only one或one。如:
—How many cats are there under the bed?床下有多少只貓?
—There’s(only)one.有一只(僅有一只)。
(4)回答“若干個”,可直呼其數(shù),用基數(shù)詞表示。如:
—How many people are there in your class?你班上有多少人?
—There are fifty.五十個人。
1.There be...結(jié)構(gòu)是使用頻率較高的句型,我們必須熟練掌握它。對There be...句型中主語的限定數(shù)量詞如some等提問時,如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞,用“How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+時間(或地點狀語)”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
There is some meat in the basket.(對劃線部分提問)
→How much meat is there in the basket?
2.對There be...句型中主語的限定數(shù)量詞如some,a,only one等提問時,如果主語是可數(shù)名詞,不管主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,因為問話的人不知道數(shù)量,且many后只能跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,所以be動詞一定要用are。用How many提問的句子注意不要丟掉are there。即用“How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+時間(或地點狀語)”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
There are four girls under the tree.(對劃線部分提問)
→How many girls are there under the tree?