田源

記敘文以敘述、描寫為主要表達方式，通過記人、敘事、寫景、狀物等反映豐富多彩的現(xiàn)實生活。一篇優(yōu)秀的記敘文應(yīng)按照出題要求，做到主題鮮明，結(jié)構(gòu)順暢，文體清晰。

記敘文是以記人敘事為主要內(nèi)容，以敘述為主要表達方式的文體。在高考英語書面表達中，記人和記事常常是相互聯(lián)系的。記敘文包括人物介紹、故事、游記、報道、典故、日記等。記敘文寫作應(yīng)特別注意：

（1）要素（人物、時間、地點、事件、原因和結(jié)果）完整；人物和事件是敘述的主體。

（2）清楚明白，情節(jié)完整；但不要過分發(fā)揮，以防言多必失。

（3）時態(tài)是一個值得注意的問題。通常事件發(fā)生的時間是確定時態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。表過去的事件和行為，用一般過去時，兼用別的過去時態(tài)，必要時也用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。敘述經(jīng)常性的事情時，以一般現(xiàn)在時為主?？傊鹿P前一定要統(tǒng)觀全局，確定好時態(tài)基點。

記敘文是將題目提供的人物、事物、景觀、地點等用生動、形象的語言描繪出來。在寫作過程中記敘加描述，讓被描寫的對象在讀者的腦海中有一幅清晰的畫面。

記敘文的寫作要素：

（1）圍繞主題，選好細節(jié)，使文章內(nèi)容既豐富又緊湊。

（2）描寫順序恰當。寫人時由上到下，由表及里。描寫地點時通常由上到下，從里到外，由遠到近。

（3）注意描寫詳略得當，重點突出。

（4）努力運用生動形象的語言，恰當運用形容詞，并要避免重復(fù)單調(diào)地用詞。

例1 馬克·吐溫是美國著名作家。請根據(jù)下面提供的內(nèi)容寫一篇人物簡介。詞數(shù)：100左右。

（1）馬克·吐溫（1835～1910）生于美國Missouri。他是美國19世紀著名的作家之一。

（2）他的家鄉(xiāng)位于密西西比河畔。成年后，他曾在密西西比河的船上當水手。馬克·吐溫是他的筆名。

（3）他寫過很多小說，其中最著名的是《湯姆索耶歷險記》。他的作品被譯成多國文字，深受全世界讀者喜愛。

解析

Mark Twain （1835～1910）， one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century， was born in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.

Mark Twains hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River， where he spent his childhood.When he grew up he worked as a sailor on a riverboat for some time. Mark Twain was his pen name.

Mark Twain wrote a lot of novels， one of which is The Adventure of Tom Sawyer， the masterpiece which brought him fame and honor. Some of his writings have been translated into many languages. He and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.

點評 本文為人物簡介，共分三段，層層深入地把馬克·吐溫一生的重大事情表達得清清楚楚。文章的時態(tài)主要用過去時，最后兩句與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，因此用了現(xiàn)在完成時和一般現(xiàn)在時。

此外，文章簡潔明了，第一句以一個帶有同位語的句子代替兩個簡單句，使句子簡練。第二、三段的第一句中分別用了定語從句，使句子縮短，避免冗長。

例2 有一個美國代表團想了解你們的英語老師，請根據(jù)下列提要，寫一篇短文。內(nèi)容提要如下：

1. 這位英語老師名叫Bruce，是位英國人，40歲左右，又高又瘦，戴著一副眼鏡；

2. 對學生要求嚴格，認真?zhèn)湔n，認真批改作業(yè)；

3. 教學方法不同于別人，鼓勵學生思考，培養(yǎng)學生的自學能力；

4. 和學生打成一片，和藹可親，深受學生的愛戴和尊敬。

要求：1. 介紹必須包括所給要點，但不要逐條譯成英語；2. 詞數(shù)110左右。

Our English Teacher-Bruce

①His teaching style is quite different from that of the others.

②We all love and respect him.

③He is strict with us in our study.

④He prepares his lessons well and corrects our homework carefully.

⑤Bruce， our English teacher， is from England and is about 40 years old.

⑥In his spare time he plays basketball and football with us.

⑦He often helps and cares for us.

⑧He is very kind to us.

⑨In class he always encourages us to think hard and develop our ability to study on our own.

⑩He is tall and thin with a pair of glasses on his nose.

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解析 Bruce， our English teacher， is from England and is about 40 years old. He is tall and thin with a pair of glasses on his nose. He is strict with us in our study. He prepares his lessons well and corrects our homework carefully. His teaching style is quite different from that of the others. In class he always encourages us to think hard and develop our ability to study on our own. He often helps and cares for us. He is very kind to us. In his spare time he plays basketball and football with us. We all love and respect him.

例3 A friend in need is a friend in deed. 在學習生活中朋友總能幫我們克服困難，給我們鼓勵。我們的生活也因為朋友而不同。請結(jié)合生活實例，寫一篇文章說說你的好朋友。

A friend of mine

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Liu Ying is a pretty girl who always has a smile on her face. _____ she gives us the impression that the girl is patient and easygoing， and she really is.

_____ she is the top student in our class and especially good at English， _____ I have problem in English I will turn to her for help. _____ my mother was ill and I had to stay home to take care of her for two days. ______， she walked a long way to my house to help me with the lessons I missed during the days. ______ I have made great progress.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析

A friend of mine

In my life I have met many people who are really worth mentioning. But perhaps the most unforgettable person I have ever known is my best friend Liu Ying.

Liu Ying is a pretty girl who always has a smile on her face. So she gives us the impression that the girl is patient and easygoing， and she really is.

Since she is the top student in our class and especially good at English， whenever I have problem in English I will turn to her for help. Once my mother was ill and I had to stay home to take care of her for two days. To my gratitude， she walked a long way to my house to help me with the lessons I missed during the days. With her help I have made great progress.

We shall soon graduate from middle school. I hope our friendship will last forever.

例4 童年記憶總能給我們深刻的印象?；貞浲?， 記下一兩件讓你印象深刻事情。

My Childhood

How time flies！ Now I am a young man. Every time I 1 my photo album， those childish pictures of mine always 2 me of the cheerful side of my 3 .

I still 4 the evenings when， before going to bed， I asked my mother to tell me stories. She used to tell me fairy stories， most of which had a 5 and 6 boy as a hero. Having finished the story， my mother often 7 me on the head， saying， “My child， I hope you will be as good a boy as the hero in the story.” Now I am about to 8 from high school， I hope I can live up to my mothers 9 .

I still remember the early cultivation to 10 my attention to my study. Whenever I was doing something， my parents would let nothing 11 my attention. They always say， “A good skater never tries to skate in two 12 at a time.” This becomes part of my life and I have 13 from it a lot.

The memory of my childhood is like a 14 dream. Instead of trying going back to the happy childhood， I would try still harder to make a 15 future.

解析 1. open/look at 2. remind 3. childhood

4. remember 5. brave 6. honest 7. patted

8. graduate 9. expectations 10. focus

11. distract 12. directions

13. benefited/learned 14. sweet/wonderful

15. happy/bright

對人物類記敘文的寫作，要求開頭應(yīng)有簡明的介紹，文章的主體部分可按時間或事件的主次進行描述，結(jié)尾進行評論或談感受。