吳豐豆　王　健　馮　天　余　恒　秦　山

西南石油大學(xué)油氣藏地質(zhì)及開(kāi)發(fā)工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,　四川　成都　610500

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蒸汽吞吐中汽竄控制體系配方設(shè)計(jì)與性能評(píng)價(jià)

吳豐豆王健馮天余恒秦山

西南石油大學(xué)油氣藏地質(zhì)及開(kāi)發(fā)工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川成都610500

摘要：新疆風(fēng)城油田稠油蒸汽吞吐作業(yè)區(qū)層間非均質(zhì)性嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致開(kāi)采過(guò)程中蒸汽竄流現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,熱能利用率低,開(kāi)發(fā)效果下降,為此本實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)展對(duì)蒸汽竄流控制體系的配方設(shè)計(jì)與性能評(píng)價(jià),為有效改善吸汽剖面,提高蒸汽波及效率提供保障。針對(duì)注入蒸汽的竄流控制,以氮?dú)鉃槠鹋輾怏w,室內(nèi)優(yōu)選出在高溫320 ℃下的配方為起泡劑(FA 2,0.1%)+ 起泡劑(FA 4,0.5%)+ 穩(wěn)泡劑(FS 3,0.05%)+ 助劑(AS-1,0.1%),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明100 mL該體系起泡液起泡體積為605 mL,泡沫半衰期為135 min,泡沫干度為83.5%,表面張力為0.43 mN/m。對(duì)配方進(jìn)行耐鹽、耐油性評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明該配方對(duì)礦化度變化具有較好的適應(yīng)性,同時(shí)較低的含油飽和度(蒸汽竄流帶)對(duì)泡沫體系沒(méi)有明顯影響,可有效維持高滲層滲流阻力,從而抑制蒸汽竄流。

關(guān)鍵詞：稠油；蒸汽吞吐；高溫；竄流；泡沫

0前言

1)油井排液能力差,地層存水高；

2)水平段動(dòng)用程度低；

3)地表汽竄造成儲(chǔ)量、產(chǎn)能損失；

4)井間汽竄出砂嚴(yán)重[8-12]。

稠油蒸汽吞吐開(kāi)發(fā)的主要矛盾是汽竄,汽竄導(dǎo)致蒸汽波及效率和熱能利用率降低,蒸汽竄流帶的無(wú)效吞吐是導(dǎo)致多輪次吞吐效果差的核心因素[13]。縱向上,由于層間非均質(zhì)性致使蒸汽沿高滲層竄流,富集油的低滲層無(wú)法被有效動(dòng)用；平面上,由于層內(nèi)非均質(zhì)性致使蒸汽沿高滲通道竄流,剩余油的遠(yuǎn)井帶無(wú)法被有效動(dòng)用[14-16]。因此,本文針對(duì)注入蒸汽的低利用率,以氮?dú)鉃槠鹋輾怏w,高溫條件下采用泡沫調(diào)驅(qū)技術(shù)減少蒸汽指進(jìn)、調(diào)整剖面矛盾,提高波及效率,為提高稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐開(kāi)發(fā)效果提供保障[17-18]。

1實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

1.1主要材料和儀器

起泡劑：FA 1、FA 2、FA 3、FA 4、FA 5；穩(wěn)泡劑：FS 1、FS 2、FS 3、FS 4；助劑：AS 1,均由新疆油田提供；重32井區(qū)模擬地層水離子組成見(jiàn)表1,化學(xué)劑組成見(jiàn)表2。無(wú)機(jī)鹽：MgCl2·6 H2O、CaCl2、KCl、NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、NaOH；精密天平；烘箱；量筒；高溫泡沫老化釜；氮?dú)馄?；全自?dòng)表/界面張力儀HZ-800型；吳茵攪拌器,調(diào)速范圍0～8 000 r/min。

由表4可知，硅-焓方程法計(jì)算得出的熱儲(chǔ)溫度為182.36 ℃～274.58 ℃，冷水混合比例為39.47%～85.88%；硅-焓圖解法計(jì)算的結(jié)果為172.58 ℃～258.23 ℃，冷水混入比例為39.19%～86.46%。對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)由混合模型計(jì)算的熱儲(chǔ)溫度與Na-K溫標(biāo)計(jì)算的溫度較為接近，與其他溫標(biāo)及實(shí)測(cè)情況偏離較大。

表1重32井區(qū)模擬地層水離子組成

mg/L

表2重32井區(qū)模擬地層水化學(xué)劑組成

g/L

1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

2結(jié)果與討論

2.1起泡劑的確定

圖1　起泡劑濃度對(duì)起泡體積的影響

圖2　起泡劑濃度對(duì)泡沫半衰期的影響

表3起泡劑復(fù)配體系(FA 4+FA 2)不同濃度組合的起泡體積、泡沫干度、泡沫半衰期

濃度組合/(%)0.1+0.20.1+0.40.2+0.20.2+0.40.3+0.30.4+0.10.4+0.20.5+0.1?V㊣/mL375470500445460570600590?T㊣/min163143140132136137139143?G㊣/(%)73.378.780.077.578.382.583.383.1

2.2穩(wěn)泡劑的確定

圖3　穩(wěn)泡劑濃度對(duì)起泡體積的影響

圖4　穩(wěn)泡劑濃度對(duì)泡沫半衰期的影響

2.3助劑濃度的確定

表4助劑濃度對(duì)起泡體積、泡沫半衰期、表面張力的影響

濃度/(%)0.050.10.150.20.250.3?V㊣/mL600605590580578570?T㊣/min140135125116110108?σ㊣/(mN·m-1)1.730.430.0720.110.200.23

2.4性能評(píng)價(jià)

2.4.1耐鹽性

在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中,由于流體間的傳質(zhì)作用,礦化度不斷發(fā)生變化,因此有必要對(duì)配方的耐鹽性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。測(cè)得的不同地層水礦化度倍數(shù)下的起泡體積、泡沫半衰期與礦化度關(guān)系見(jiàn)表5。由表5可知：隨著礦化度的增加,地層水泡沫配方的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)均有所下降,但幅度很小。起泡體積大于500 mL,泡沫半衰期大于2 h；具有較好的耐鹽性,可以滿足施工要求。

表5礦化度對(duì)起泡體積、泡沫半衰期的影響

礦化度00.250.50.7511.25?V㊣/mL820785750665600515?T㊣/min190178165155138120

2.4.2耐油性

表6含油飽和度對(duì)起泡體積、泡沫半衰期的影響

含油飽和度/(%)5101520253035404550?V㊣/mL610585550415335285230205175155?T㊣/min1301261191141089075584538

3結(jié)論

2)將具有不同優(yōu)點(diǎn)的起泡劑進(jìn)行復(fù)配可同時(shí)兼顧起泡體積與泡沫半衰期；穩(wěn)泡劑的加入在延長(zhǎng)消泡時(shí)間的同時(shí)減小了起泡體積,助劑的加入對(duì)起泡能力影響較小,但對(duì)泡沫的穩(wěn)定性和表面張力影響較大。

3)本文優(yōu)選配方具有較好的耐鹽性,能適應(yīng)注入過(guò)程中礦化度的不斷變化；較低的含油飽和度(蒸汽竄流帶)對(duì)泡沫體系影響較小,即少量原油存在的情況下,泡沫穩(wěn)定性比較好,能有效維持高滲層的滲流阻力,提高蒸汽吞吐開(kāi)發(fā)效率。

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收稿日期：2015-12-19

基金項(xiàng)目：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“重力超覆下氣體連續(xù)“剝蝕”稠油邊界層的驅(qū)油機(jī)制研究”(51574200)

作者簡(jiǎn)介：吳豐豆(1991-),男,四川眉山人,碩士研究生,主要從事化學(xué)驅(qū)和化學(xué)調(diào)剖堵水方面的學(xué)習(xí)與研究。

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5539.2016.03.014