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西藏多巴地區(qū)片麻巖變質(zhì)演化過程及其地質(zhì)意義

2016-11-09 14:16李鵬張聰劉曉瑜楊經(jīng)綏符義穩(wěn)
關(guān)鍵詞:變質(zhì)拉薩

李鵬+張聰+劉曉瑜+楊經(jīng)綏+符義穩(wěn)

摘 要:拉薩地體普遍出露一套角閃巖相、局部達(dá)麻粒巖相的變質(zhì)巖系, 以往的區(qū)域地質(zhì)研究普遍認(rèn)為這套變質(zhì)巖為拉薩地體的前寒武紀(jì)變質(zhì)基底, 稱之為念青唐古拉巖群。盡管現(xiàn)有的研究認(rèn)為念青唐古拉巖群經(jīng)歷了前寒武紀(jì)變質(zhì)作用,但部分地區(qū)仍缺少令人信服的巖石學(xué)及地質(zhì)年代學(xué)證據(jù)。通過對拉薩地體北部多巴地區(qū)出露的片麻巖進行巖石學(xué)及礦物學(xué)研究,認(rèn)為其為一套經(jīng)歷角閃巖相變質(zhì)作用的中級變質(zhì)巖系,主要巖石類型有云母片巖和含石榴石黑云母斜長片麻巖。礦物電子探針分析表明,組成巖石的石榴石、長石、黑云母等礦物均為變質(zhì)成因礦物。石榴石無明顯核邊分帶結(jié)構(gòu),成分相對均一。利用傳統(tǒng)礦物對溫壓計進行了溫壓條件估算,得到640 ℃~660 ℃和0.60~0.67 GPa的角閃巖相變質(zhì)溫壓條件。首次利用LA-ICP-MS方法對該區(qū)花崗質(zhì)片麻巖中的鋯石進行年代學(xué)研究,得到(847.0±5.7)Ma的新元古代變質(zhì)年齡,可與該區(qū)域念青唐古拉巖群的變質(zhì)時代對比,為該片麻巖歸入念青唐古拉巖群提供了切實可靠的年代學(xué)證據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞:變質(zhì)作用;花崗質(zhì)片麻巖;溫壓條件;新元古代;鋯石年代學(xué);念青唐古拉巖群;拉薩地體;西藏

中圖分類號:P588.34 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A

文章編號:1672-6561(2016)05-0601-11

Abstract: A suit of metamorphic rocks, which experience amphibolite and partly granulite facies metamorphism exposes on Lhasa block, are recognized as the basement of Lhasa block and named as Nyainqentanglha Group in the former literatures. Although the rocks are thought to be part of Nyainqentanglha Group, however, it is still lack of reliable geochronological data in some area. By means of the petrological and mineralogical investigations on the gneisses exposed in Duoba area of the north part of Lhasa block, it shows that the gneiss suit is composed of mica schist and garnet-bearing plagioclase gneiss, which has experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism. The garnet in the gneiss with homogeneous composition does not have core-rim structure. The traditional mineral-pair geothermobarometer shows that the metamorphic pressure-temperature conditions are 640 ℃-660 ℃ and 0.60-0.67 GPa, which belong to amphibolite facies metamorphism. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating technique is used for the first time to date the metamorphic age of the gneiss in Duoba area and yield the Proterozoic metamorphic age of (847.0±5.7)Ma, which can be compared with Nyainqentanglha Group in the area, exhibiting strong evidence that the gneiss in Duoba area is also part of Nyainqentanglha Group.

Key words: metamorphism; granitic gneiss; pressure-temperature conditions; Neoproterozoic; zircon geochronology; Nyainqentanglha Group; Lhasa block; Tibet

0 引 言

青藏高原自北向南由松潘—甘孜地體、羌塘地體、拉薩地體和喜馬拉雅造山帶組成[1-2]。位于歐亞大陸南邊緣的拉薩地體蘊含著豐富的大陸裂解、漂移、聚合以及碰撞造山作用相關(guān)的構(gòu)造運動、巖漿活動和變質(zhì)作用的地球動力學(xué)信息,吸引了國內(nèi)外眾多研究者的關(guān)注[1,3-6]。拉薩地體位于歐亞板塊的南端,在新生代與印度大陸的碰撞形成了喜馬拉雅造山帶[4-5],因此,拉薩地體的演化過程是揭示青藏高原形成和演化歷史的關(guān)鍵問題之一。拉薩地體中的中、高級變質(zhì)巖被前人認(rèn)為是前寒武紀(jì)變質(zhì)基底,并被稱為念青唐古拉巖群[7-12]。但近年來的研究表明,拉薩地體經(jīng)歷了多期次不同類型的變質(zhì)作用,按照變質(zhì)程度的不同,自北向南可劃分為4個變質(zhì)帶:北部的安多高壓變質(zhì)帶,形成于早侏羅世的陸-陸碰撞造山過程中;中部的納木錯高壓變質(zhì)帶,形成于晚新元古代洋殼俯沖過程中;南、北拉薩地體之間的松多高壓變質(zhì)帶,形成于晚古生代的洋殼俯沖至早中生代陸-陸碰撞造山帶過程中;南部的岡底斯高溫/中壓復(fù)合變質(zhì)帶,形成于中、新生代的洋殼俯沖到陸-陸碰撞造山過程中[13]。因此,部分學(xué)者將前寒武紀(jì)變質(zhì)基底“念青唐古拉巖群”以不同時代、不同構(gòu)造為依據(jù)劃分為“那果巖群”、“松多巖群”以及“林芝巖群”[14]。

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