吳安玥,邱麗華
·論著·
Fn14活化凋亡增強(qiáng)人上皮性卵巢癌細(xì)胞順鉑敏感度的研究
吳安玥,邱麗華
目的:探討成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)誘導(dǎo)因子14(Fn14)對(duì)人上皮性卵巢癌(epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC)細(xì)胞的順鉑(DDP)敏感度的影響及其可能機(jī)制。方法:蛋白質(zhì)印跡(Western blotting)法檢測(cè)EOC細(xì)胞株SKOV3、CAOV3、OVCAR3、ES2、3AO、A2780、A2780/DDP中Fn14蛋白的表達(dá)情況,選擇低表達(dá)Fn14蛋白的細(xì)胞株轉(zhuǎn)染Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒后,觀察轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞株的Fn14蛋白、凋亡相關(guān)蛋白caspase-3、cleaved caspase-3和Bcl-2的表達(dá)情況。CCK-8法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖能力及DDP半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50)。流式細(xì)胞學(xué)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡。結(jié)果:人EOC細(xì)胞株SKOV3、CAOV3、OVCAR3、ES2、3AO、A2780、A2780/DDP中,A2780/DDP細(xì)胞株Fn14蛋白表達(dá)水平最低。Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染A2780/DDP細(xì)胞后,細(xì)胞內(nèi)Fn14表達(dá)水平上調(diào)(P<0.05);細(xì)胞的增殖能力無(wú)變化,但細(xì)胞DDP的IC50顯著降低(P<0.05)。流式細(xì)胞學(xué)檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)一步顯示Fn14可以增加DDP誘導(dǎo)的A2780/DDP凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)目。同時(shí),Western blotting結(jié)果顯示促凋亡蛋白caspase-3表達(dá)升高,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表達(dá)明顯下降(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:Fn14可能活化凋亡通路進(jìn)而提高A2780/DDP細(xì)胞對(duì)DDP的敏感度。
卵巢腫瘤;成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)誘導(dǎo)因子14;順鉑;抗藥性,腫瘤;細(xì)胞凋亡
(J Int Obstet Gynecol,2016,43:335-339)
上皮性卵巢癌(epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC)死亡率占婦科惡性腫瘤的首位[1],雖然腫瘤細(xì)胞減滅術(shù)聯(lián)合鉑類為主的化療對(duì)80%的患者有明顯臨床療效,但是大部分患者在初始治療18~24個(gè)月左右復(fù)發(fā),僅有10%~15%能獲得長(zhǎng)期緩解[2]。目前認(rèn)為EOC患者因化療耐藥而引起腫瘤復(fù)發(fā),是導(dǎo)致其5年生存率低下的主要原因之一[3-4]。故研究卵巢癌耐藥機(jī)制,從而找到靶點(diǎn)來(lái)減少或者逆轉(zhuǎn)卵巢癌鉑類耐藥,是改善卵巢癌預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵因素。成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)誘導(dǎo)因子14(Fn14)是Ⅰ型跨膜蛋白,是腫瘤壞死因子受體(TNFR)超家族中的最小成員,其配體是腫瘤壞死因子樣凋亡微弱誘導(dǎo)劑(TWEAK)。Fn14在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、化療耐藥中發(fā)揮重要作用[5-6]。目前研究顯示,F(xiàn)n14通過(guò)激活核因子κB(NF-κB)通路介導(dǎo)胃癌、小細(xì)胞肺癌的化療耐藥[7-8],但其在EOC鉑類耐藥中的作用不明。本實(shí)驗(yàn)擬研究Fn14在EOC順鉑(DDP)耐藥中的作用及其相關(guān)機(jī)制,為進(jìn)一步尋找遏制EOC細(xì)胞化療耐藥提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1 主要儀器及試劑改良型RPMI 1640細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液(Hyclone公司);FBS(Hyclone公司);雙抗(青霉素、鏈霉素,Hyclone公司);兔抗人Fn14抗體、兔抗人caspase-3抗體、兔抗人Bcl-2抗體(Cell Signaling Technology公司);CCK-8試劑盒(日本同仁化學(xué)研究所);pcDNA3.1-Fn14質(zhì)粒(廣東省人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究中心惠贈(zèng));DH5α感受態(tài)菌(大連寶生物公司);DDP(山東齊魯制藥有限公司);無(wú)內(nèi)毒素質(zhì)粒提取盒(北京天根科技有限公司);細(xì)胞凋亡試劑盒(BD公司);細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿、培養(yǎng)板(Corning公司);遠(yuǎn)紅外熒光掃描儀(LICOR公司);異丙醇、無(wú)水乙醇、氯化鈉等均為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用Graphpad Prism 5軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),定量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,組間比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 人EOC細(xì)胞株中Fn14蛋白表達(dá)水平的比較
Western blotting結(jié)果顯示在人EOC的SKOV3、CAOV3、OVCAR3、ES2、3AO、A2780、A2780/DDP細(xì)胞株中,A2780/DDP細(xì)胞株內(nèi)Fn14蛋白表達(dá)水平最低,故采用低表達(dá)Fn14蛋白的A2780/DDP細(xì)胞株為研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。見圖1。
圖1 各EOC細(xì)胞株中Fn14蛋白表達(dá)水平
2.2轉(zhuǎn)染Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒對(duì)A2780/DDP細(xì)胞株中Fn14蛋白表達(dá)水平的影響Western blotting結(jié)果顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒后的A2780/DDP細(xì)胞中Fn14表達(dá)水平較vector組升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=7.147,P=0.002)。見圖2。
圖2 Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染A2780/DDP細(xì)胞后,F(xiàn)n14蛋白表達(dá)水平的變化
2.3 轉(zhuǎn)染Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒對(duì)A2780/DDP細(xì)胞DDP敏感度(IC50)的影響CCK-8法檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染后,A2780/DDP細(xì)胞IC50由(46.450±0.922)μg/mL降至(24.368±0.352)μg/mL,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.875,P=0.019),見圖3A。這提示Fn14增加了細(xì)胞對(duì)DDP的敏感度。未加入DDP時(shí),與vector組相比,F(xiàn)n14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞OD450 nm值的變化差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);加入DDP(終濃度10 μg/mL)處理后,DDP對(duì)Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞增殖抑制作用更明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見圖3B。這提示Fn14不影響細(xì)胞增殖,故Fn14促進(jìn)DDP對(duì)A2780/DDP細(xì)胞增殖能力的抑制,非細(xì)胞增殖能力減弱所致。
2.4 Fn14對(duì)A2780/DDP細(xì)胞凋亡的影響流式細(xì)胞學(xué)檢測(cè)顯示,未加入DDP時(shí),vector組和Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組總凋亡率均<1%。當(dāng)加入DDP(終濃度為25 μg/mL)處理24 h后,vector組和Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組的總凋亡率分別為(12.1±1.5)%和(27.3±2.5)%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=8.864,P=0.001)。提示Fn14促進(jìn)DDP所誘導(dǎo)的A2780/DDP細(xì)胞凋亡。見圖4。
2.5 轉(zhuǎn)染Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒對(duì)A2780/DDP細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)水平的影響Western blotting結(jié)果顯示,未加入DDP時(shí),與vector組細(xì)胞相比,F(xiàn)n14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞中的caspase-3蛋白前體、caspase-3蛋白活化體、Bcl-2無(wú)明顯變化。當(dāng)DDP處理(終濃度為25 μg/mL)24 h后,轉(zhuǎn)染Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒的A2780/DDP細(xì)胞中的caspase-3蛋白活化體表達(dá)上調(diào)(t=3.411,P=0.027),Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào)(t=6.645,P=0.003),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見圖5。
圖3 Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染A2780/DDP細(xì)胞后,細(xì)胞增殖能力及DDP敏感度的變化
圖4 A2780/DDP細(xì)胞株過(guò)表達(dá)Fn14后細(xì)胞凋亡的變化
Fn14是由129個(gè)氨基酸構(gòu)成的Ⅰ型跨膜蛋白,胞漿區(qū)中包含有腫瘤壞死因子受體相關(guān)因子(TRAF)的結(jié)合序列,當(dāng)配體與Fn14結(jié)合后,通過(guò)TRAF活化激活核因子κB(NF-κB)、胞外信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)激酶(ERK)、P38絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MARK)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信號(hào)通路,調(diào)控腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡、腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷徙和侵襲能力、促進(jìn)腫瘤血管生成、參與炎癥反應(yīng)等一系列生物學(xué)行為[9]。研究顯示,F(xiàn)n14在不同的腫瘤中發(fā)揮的生物學(xué)效應(yīng)不盡相同,其可通過(guò)激活ERK信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)非小細(xì)胞肺癌的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移[10];可促進(jìn)HER2和heregulin β1依賴的乳腺癌細(xì)胞的遷徙和侵襲[11];而在子宮內(nèi)膜癌中,F(xiàn)n14則通過(guò)活化caspase通路促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡[12];Fn14·TRAIL融合蛋白可以誘導(dǎo)肝癌細(xì)胞凋亡,抑制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)[13]。Fn14在腫瘤耐藥中也發(fā)揮重要作用,Kwon等[7]發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)n14通過(guò)激活NF-κB通路介導(dǎo)胃癌對(duì)5-氟尿嘧啶耐藥的發(fā)生;Li等[8]同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)Fn14通過(guò)激活NF-κB通路導(dǎo)致小細(xì)胞肺癌對(duì)化療藥物的耐藥。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在人EOC細(xì)胞株SKOV3、CAOV3、OVCAR3、ES2、3AO、A2780、A2780/DDP中A2780/DDP細(xì)胞Fn14蛋白表達(dá)水平最低,繼而在A2780/DDP細(xì)胞中轉(zhuǎn)染Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒后發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞IC50明顯降低,增加細(xì)胞DDP敏感度,這與在胃癌、非小細(xì)胞肺癌中Fn14促進(jìn)腫瘤耐藥不同。因Fn14不影響細(xì)胞增殖能力,所以Fn14增強(qiáng)DDP對(duì) EOC細(xì)胞株增殖的抑制作用不是細(xì)胞增殖能力減弱所致,進(jìn)一步證明Fn14可以提高A2780/DDP細(xì)胞的DDP敏感度,在卵巢癌細(xì)胞鉑類耐藥機(jī)制中發(fā)揮重要作用。
圖5 A2780/DDP細(xì)胞株過(guò)表達(dá)Fn14后,細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)蛋白的變化
細(xì)胞凋亡是凋亡蛋白和凋亡抑制蛋白(IAP)共同調(diào)控下發(fā)生的一種主動(dòng)的細(xì)胞自殺行為。DDP等經(jīng)典的抗腫瘤藥物通過(guò)促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡發(fā)揮抗腫瘤效應(yīng),然而細(xì)胞抗凋亡能力增強(qiáng)如抗凋亡基因過(guò)表達(dá)或促凋亡基因丟失,可能導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生耐藥性,故細(xì)胞凋亡異常與EOC的DDP化療耐藥密切相關(guān)[14-15]。caspase是凋亡蛋白酶家族,通過(guò)選擇性地剪切其底物蛋白完成自我活化和相互激活過(guò)程,最終通過(guò)下游效應(yīng)分子caspase-3活化觸發(fā)細(xì)胞凋亡。當(dāng)caspase功能受到抑制時(shí),機(jī)體細(xì)胞凋亡障礙,進(jìn)而誘使EOC的發(fā)生和進(jìn)一步進(jìn)展[16]。Bcl-2是凋亡抑制因子,主要通過(guò)抑制線粒體釋放細(xì)胞色素C來(lái)抑制細(xì)胞通過(guò)線粒體途徑發(fā)生凋亡。研究表明,當(dāng)EOC細(xì)胞Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)增多,細(xì)胞凋亡減少,DDP耐藥性增加[17]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)A2780/DDP細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染Fn14過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒后,可以促進(jìn)DDP誘導(dǎo)凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)目增多,同時(shí)促進(jìn)凋亡相關(guān)蛋白caspase-3蛋白的活化和抑制抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表達(dá),進(jìn)一步提示Fn14可能通過(guò)活化凋亡通路促進(jìn)A2780/DDP細(xì)胞凋亡,進(jìn)而提高A2780/DDP對(duì)DDP的敏感度。
綜上所述,本研究探索了Fn14與EOC細(xì)胞耐藥的關(guān)系,首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了Fn14可能通過(guò)活化凋亡增強(qiáng)人EOC細(xì)胞株對(duì)DDP的敏感度,為臨床開創(chuàng)有效逆轉(zhuǎn)EOC鉑類耐藥的治療新途徑提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。
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Fn14 Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells by Regulating Apoptosis
WU An-yue,QIU Li-hua.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology,Renji Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200127,China
QIU Li-hua,E-mail:lilyqiulh@126.com
Objective:To investigate the effects of Fn14 on regulating cisplatin(DDP)sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cells.Methods:Fn14 protein expression levels in SKOV3,CAOV3,OVCAR3,ES2,3AO,A2780 and A2780/DDP were detected through Western blotting.The expression of Fn14,caspase-3,cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were accessed by Western blotting in lowest expression of Fn14 cell line when transfected with Fn14 plasmid.The half cell lethal dose(IC50)of DDP and the ability of proliferation in A2780/DDP cells were assayed by CCK-8 kit.The ratio of apoptosis in A2780/DDP cells were determined by flow cytometry.Results:A2780/DDP cells exhibited the lowest expression of Fn14 in these cell lines.Fn14 transfer had no effect on the proliferation of A2780/DDP cells,whereas it could reduce the IC50 of DDP in A2780/DDP cells(P<0.05).When Fn14 was transferred,the apoptosis induced by DDP was increased in A2780/DDP cells,meanwhile,the expression of apoptosiscorrelated protein caspase-3 was up-regulated and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusions: Fn14 may increase chemosensitivity to DDP by apoptosis pathway in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells.
Ovarian neoplasms;Fn14;Cisplatin;Drug resistance,neoplasm;Apoptosis
2015-12-10)
[本文編輯 王昕]
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(81272884)
200127上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬仁濟(jì)醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,上海市婦科腫瘤重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室
邱麗華,E-mail:lilyqiulh@126.com