趙淑慧,徐鑫偉,陳華才
(中國計(jì)量大學(xué) 光學(xué)與電子科技學(xué)院,浙江 杭州 310018)
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人血清蛋白與重金屬離子相互作用的熒光光譜
趙淑慧,徐鑫偉,陳華才
(中國計(jì)量大學(xué) 光學(xué)與電子科技學(xué)院,浙江 杭州 310018)
通過熒光光譜技術(shù)研究重金屬離子與人血清蛋白(HSA)間的結(jié)合作用機(jī)制.測量了人血清蛋白與重金屬離子Pb2+,Cr6+,Cu2+在290 K和300 K溫度下相互作用的熒光光譜,建立猝滅方程.3種重金屬離子與HSA的猝滅均屬于靜態(tài)猝滅,根據(jù)靜態(tài)猝滅方程Stern-Volmer分別計(jì)算出290 K和300 K溫度下HSA與3種重金屬離子相互作用結(jié)合常數(shù),290 K下結(jié)合常數(shù)Ksv分別為1.731×103,5.580×103,4.461×104;300 K下結(jié)合常數(shù)Ksv分別為1.354×103,5.418×103,4.461×104,結(jié)合位點(diǎn)數(shù)分別為1.237,1.528,0.506.證明了重金屬離子Pb2+,Cr6+,Cu2+與HSA之間的相互作用是自發(fā)的.
人血清蛋白;重金屬離子;熒光光譜;靜態(tài)猝滅
人血清蛋白(human serum albumin, HSA)存在于人體的血管內(nèi),擔(dān)任運(yùn)輸各種小分子物質(zhì)的功能,并與人體血液中的各種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、毒素、重金屬離子等相互作用[1-2].隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展,越來越多的重金屬進(jìn)入土壤、水體和大氣中,并最終通過食物和飲水進(jìn)入人體.重金屬離子在體內(nèi)的蓄積會(huì)影響到中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、血細(xì)胞和腎[3-5].研究重金屬離子與人血清蛋白的相互作用,對(duì)了解重金屬離子在人體內(nèi)的存在狀態(tài)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)具有重要意義[6].
本文應(yīng)用熒光猝滅法研究3種重金屬離子與人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用,建立的熒光猝滅方程,計(jì)算出了各自的結(jié)合常數(shù)和結(jié)合位點(diǎn)數(shù),初步明確了重金屬離子與人血清蛋白相互作用的機(jī)理.
1.1 儀器與原料
試劑:人血清白蛋白(HSA,Sigma,純度≥96%);CuSO4、K2Cr2O7、PbSO4均為分析純,實(shí)驗(yàn)用水均為去離子水;0.02mol/L PBS緩沖溶液,pH=7.4。HSA的儲(chǔ)備溶液(5μmol/L);Pb2+,Cr6+,Cu2+儲(chǔ)備液濃度梯度如表1.
儀器:日立F-270 0熒光光譜儀.
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
分別于試管中加入2 mL HSA溶液,2 mL重金屬離子溶液,混勻,在300 K和290 K溫度水浴中平衡后,測量不同溫度下混合溶液的熒光光譜.激發(fā)波長λem=280 nm,熒光光譜范圍300~500 nm,狹縫寬度5.0 nm,掃描速率1 500 nm/min,光電倍增管負(fù)電壓為400 V.
表1 幾種重金屬離子溶液濃度配置表
蛋白質(zhì)的熒光主要來自其一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中的色氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸殘基,由于苯丙氨酸在HSA中的含量很低,而酪氨酸的熒光在被離子化或接近氨基、羧基與色氨酸時(shí)幾乎完全被猝滅,所以HSA的固有熒光主要來自色氨酸殘基.當(dāng)小分子物質(zhì)與HSA結(jié)合成鍵時(shí),色氨酸殘基微環(huán)境的改變導(dǎo)致HSA的固有熒光強(qiáng)度也發(fā)生變化[6-7].
2.1 HSA與重金屬離子作用的熒光光譜
不同質(zhì)量濃度的Pb2+、Cr6+和Cu2+溶液與HSA溶液的混合液在不用溫度下的熒光光譜如圖1~圖3.隨著溶液中Pb2+,Cr6+,Cu2+濃度的增大,HSA在340 nm處的熒光強(qiáng)度呈現(xiàn)有規(guī)律的降低.這說明HAS與重金屬離子相互作用形成了非熒光性的復(fù)合物,導(dǎo)致HSA的熒光強(qiáng)度降低.由圖3可知,隨著Cr6+濃度的增加,熒光光譜的峰位從335 nm藍(lán)移至328 nm,表明Trp殘基處于疏水環(huán)境中.激發(fā)光為280 nm時(shí),蛋白質(zhì)分子中色氨酸(Try)殘基和酪氨酸(Tyr)殘基的最大熒光的波長分別位于340 nm和300 nm.本研究表明340 nm處的熒光產(chǎn)生于Try殘基,并且隨著重金屬離子濃度的增加,其熒光強(qiáng)度不斷降低,表明這些重金屬離子與HSA結(jié)合時(shí)接近于白蛋白的Try殘基.
圖1 300 K、290 K下Pb2+和HSA的相互作用的熒光強(qiáng)度圖Figure 1 Fluorescence spectra of interaction between Pb2+ and HSA under 290 K and 300 K
圖2 300 K、290 K下Cu2+和HSA的相互作用的熒光強(qiáng)度圖Figure 2 Fluorescence spectra of interaction between Cu2+ and HSA under 290 K and 300 K
圖3 300 K、290 K下Cr6+和HSA的相互作用的熒光強(qiáng)度圖Figure 3 Fluorescence spectra of interaction between Cr6+ and HSA under 290 K and 300 K
2.2 重金屬離子和HSA的靜態(tài)猝滅
熒光猝滅分為靜態(tài)猝滅、動(dòng)態(tài)猝滅.動(dòng)態(tài)猝滅是熒光體與猝滅劑之間因相互碰撞而使熒光體的熒光被猝滅,溫度升高可增加分子碰撞的機(jī)會(huì),能夠提高猝滅效率;而靜態(tài)猝滅是熒光體與猝滅劑之間形成了基態(tài)配合物,溫度升高將引起配合物的穩(wěn)定度下降,從而減小靜態(tài)猝滅的程度.對(duì)于動(dòng)態(tài)猝滅和靜態(tài)猝滅,利用Stern-Volmer方程(1)進(jìn)行分析:
(1)
式中τ0為不存在猝滅劑時(shí)熒光分子的平均壽命,一般為10-8s[8-9],Ksv為Stern-Volmer猝滅常數(shù),Kq為生物大分子的猝滅常數(shù),[Q]為猝滅劑的濃度.
分別測定290 K與300 K時(shí)HSA溶液與不同濃度重金屬離子相互作用的熒光峰強(qiáng)度,以F0/F-1對(duì)[Q]作圖得到一條直線(圖4~6),由直線的斜率可求得Kq,n和Ksv(表2).Cu2+結(jié)合位點(diǎn)常數(shù)小于1,說明Cu2+與HSA只有一個(gè)結(jié)合位點(diǎn);Pb2+和Cr6+的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)常數(shù)在1~2之間,則這兩
圖4 Pb2+對(duì)HSA的熒光猝滅曲線Figure 4 Fluorescence quenching curves of Pb2+ and HSA
圖5 Cu2+對(duì)HSA的熒光猝滅曲線Figure 5 Fluorescence quenching curves of Cu2+and HSA
種離子與HAS有2個(gè)結(jié)合位點(diǎn).Kq隨著溫度的升高而降低,說明這些重金屬離子對(duì)HSA的猝滅類型為靜態(tài)猝滅;Kq值均大于猝滅劑對(duì)生物大分子的最大碰撞猝滅速率2.0×1010L/(mol·s),也證明了這些猝滅類型為靜態(tài)猝滅.
圖6 Cr6+對(duì)HSA的熒光猝滅曲線Figure 6 Fluorescence quenching curves of Cr6+ and HSA
重金屬離子T/KKsv/(L·mol-1)Kq/(L·mol-1·s-1)nRPb2+2901.731×1031.731×10113001.354×1031.354×10111.2370.9960.999Cr6+2905.580×1035.580×10113005.418×1035.418×10111.5280.9860.978Cu2+2904.461×1044.461×10123001.905×1041.905×10120.5060.9400.999
在不同溫度下,分析了重金屬離子與HSA的熒光光譜,判斷該反應(yīng)是形成不發(fā)光復(fù)合物的靜態(tài)猝滅過程.重金屬離子與HSA結(jié)合時(shí),使340 nm處Try殘基的熒光發(fā)生猝滅,說明重金屬離子主要與Try殘基結(jié)合產(chǎn)生復(fù)合物,發(fā)生熒光猝滅.分別計(jì)算了它們的靜態(tài)猝滅常數(shù)Ksv和結(jié)合位點(diǎn)數(shù)n的值.Ksv隨著溫度的升高而降低,重金屬離子對(duì)HSA的猝滅類型為靜態(tài)猝滅.Kq值均大于猝滅劑對(duì)生物大分子的最大碰撞猝滅速率2.0×1010L/(mol·s).Cu2+與HSA只有一個(gè)結(jié)合位點(diǎn);Pb2+、Cr6+和HSA的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)超過1.且隨著Cr6+溶液濃度的增加,峰位發(fā)生藍(lán)移,說明Trp處于疏水環(huán)境中.熒光猝滅技術(shù)具有靈敏度高、選擇性好、用樣量少、儀器設(shè)備簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn).
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Fluorescence spectra on interaction between human serum albumin and heavy metal ions
ZHAO Shuhui, XU Xinwei, CHEN Huacai
(College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)
The interactions between Pb2+, Cr6+, Cu2+and human serum albumin (HSA) were studied by using the fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra of HSA with heavy metal ions were measured under 290K and 300K, and the quenching equations were established. The interactions between the three heavy metal ions and HSA were static quenching. According to the static quenching equation Stern-Volmer, we can calculated the binding constant Ksv and the binding sites. The binding constants Ksv of the three heavy ions were 1.731×103,5.580×103,4.461×104under 290K,and 1.354×103,5.418×103,4.461×104under 300K, respectively. The binding sites of the three heavy ions were 1.237,1.528,0.506. The interaction between the heavy metal ions Pb2+, Cr6+, Cu2+and HSA was proved to be spontaneous.
human albumin; heavy metal ions; fluorescence spectrum; static quenching
2096-2835(2016)03-0291-04
10.3969/j.issn.2096-2835.2016.03.009
2015-12-01 《中國計(jì)量大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》網(wǎng)址:zgjl.cbpt.cnki.net
浙江省家具檢測技術(shù)研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金資助項(xiàng)目(No.2016J06).
趙淑慧(1993- ),女,浙江省臺(tái)州人,碩士研究生,主要研究方向?yàn)楣庾V分析. E-mail:261430924@qq.com
陳華才,男,研究員. E-mail:huacaichen@cjlu.edu.cn
TN253
A