趙琳,徐京京,王曉非,張曉莉
(中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科,沈陽 110004)
類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎合并牙周疾病患者的IL?17A表達(dá)
趙琳,徐京京,王曉非,張曉莉
(中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科,沈陽 110004)
目的通過測定血清及牙齦液中白細(xì)胞介素(IL)17A的水平并分析其臨床意義,了解類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)與牙周病變的關(guān)系。方法采用ELIAS檢測方法分別檢測初診的RA合并慢性牙周炎(CP)患者20例(RA+CP組),RA患者20例(RA組),CP患者20例(CP組),健康者20例(H組)血清及牙齦液的IL?17A水平。結(jié)果RA+CP組、RA組、CP組、H組的血清IL?17A水平分別為(66.6±24.98)、(46.58±8.50)、(31.35±5.10)和(29.25±5.50)pg/mL;RA+CP組、RA組、CP組、H組的牙齦液IL?17A水平分別為(25.71±5.1)、(19.97±4.95)、(18.85±5.36)和(15.38±4.36)pg/mL。RA+CP組患者血清IL?17A水平與抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體(抗?CCP)呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.446,P<0.05),RA+CP組患者牙齦液IL?17A水平與抗?CCP呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.517,P<0.05);RA+CP組患者在紅細(xì)胞沉降率(ESR)、C?反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、類風(fēng)濕因子(RF)、抗?CCP、疾病活動性評分(DAS28)、健康評估問卷(HAQ)方面高于RA組。結(jié)論RA可能加重患者的牙周病變;牙周疾病可能對RA有促進(jìn)作用。
類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎;白細(xì)胞介素17A;慢性牙周疾病
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址
類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一種病因未明的慢性破壞性炎癥疾病。它影響著0.5%~1%的世界人口,女性患RA概率是男性的3倍左右[1]。牙周疾病是由微生物感染引起宿主反應(yīng)的慢性炎性疾病。它的發(fā)病、進(jìn)展和嚴(yán)重程度與牙周微生物同宿主的免疫反應(yīng)相關(guān)[2?3]。RA和慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)都是慢性炎性疾病,且患有CP的患者同時合并有RA的情況大量增加[4?5]。在這種背景下,CP與RA的關(guān)系可以從炎性因子水平及病情活動度等方面研究[6]。本研究的目的是通過評估臨床牙周參數(shù)和血清、牙齦液的細(xì)胞因子白細(xì)胞介素(interleukin,IL)17A水平,了解RA與CP之間的關(guān)系。
1.1一般資料
選取2014年12月至2015年12月就診于我院風(fēng)濕免疫科并確診RA的患者40例,均符合2009年美國風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會(ACR)提出的RA診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);就診于口腔科并確診CP患者20例,均符合美國牙周病學(xué)的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn):包括牙齒缺如情況、探測深度(prob?ing depth,PD)>3 mm、附著喪失(clinical attachment level,CAL)、探診出血(bleeding on probing,BOP)這幾方面;健康組20例來自我院體檢科。CP的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為至少有4個牙囊袋深度≥5 mm,與臨床CAL水平同時≥2 mm[7]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):實驗前6個月期間有牙周治療的歷史;<15齒;糖尿病或妊娠、感染、肝炎、結(jié)核等系統(tǒng)疾病;干燥綜合征(包括SSA/SSB陽性)及其他口腔疾病。RA合并CP患者20例(RA+CP組),RA無CP患者20例(RA組),CP患者20例(CP組),健康者20例(H組);4組性別、年齡、病程差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
使用威廉姆斯牙周探針進(jìn)行臨床牙周參數(shù)評估[8]:(1)牙齒數(shù)目存在;(2)PD;(3)CAL;(4)牙齦菌斑塊指數(shù);(5)BOP。PD是威廉姆斯探針在6個牙周位點(diǎn)(智齒除外)的探測值,該6個牙周位點(diǎn)包括:(1)近中頰側(cè);(2)中頰側(cè);(3)遠(yuǎn)中頰側(cè);(4)近中舌側(cè);(5)中舌側(cè);(6)遠(yuǎn)中舌側(cè)。
紅細(xì)胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR),C?反應(yīng)蛋白(C?reactive protein,CRP)、類風(fēng)濕因子(rheumatoid factor,RF)、抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體(an?ti?cyclic cirullinated peptide antibodies,抗?CCP)等均來至我院實驗室檢查結(jié)果;疾病活動性評分(dis?ease activity score in 28,DAS28);健康評估問卷(health assessmeat questionnaire,HAQ);吸煙情況根據(jù)提供的信息記錄。4組患者臨床的牙周特征和人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)變量和控制對象見表1。該研究適合倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)使用的人體研究。
表1 人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)、臨床和實驗室特征(x±s,n=20)Tab.1 Demographic,clinical and laboratory characteristics(x±s,n=20)
1.2方法
血清、牙齦液中IL?17A的測定:清晨抽取空腹實驗者的靜脈血2 mL,4℃放置自然凝固,3 000 r/ min離心10 min,分離血清置于-20℃冰箱凍存。所有牙齦液標(biāo)本均從最深的牙周袋采集,且每一個樣本采集為同一采集牙齦液位點(diǎn)。在采集牙齦液樣本之前,先拭干采集點(diǎn)唾液,并用無菌棉花球隔絕唾液,再用無菌棉花球祛除牙齦菌斑;在采集牙齦液的位點(diǎn)插入粗細(xì)型號為30號吸潮紙帶1 min。然后將5個位點(diǎn)一共5支含有牙齦液的吸潮試紙放于含有磷酸緩沖鹽200 μL的無菌微型離心管,統(tǒng)一凍存在-80℃的冰箱里,等待下一步處理。應(yīng)用ELISA法同批檢測血清及牙齦液中IL?17A水平,試劑盒購自美國R&D公司,具體操作步驟嚴(yán)格按實際盒說明書進(jìn)行,在450 nm波長下測定OD值。以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品濃度為橫坐標(biāo),OD值為縱坐標(biāo),繪制出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線圖并計算樣本濃度。
1.3統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)均采用x±s,2組之間比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料用百分比表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗或Fish?er精確概率法。各組間比較采取單因素方差分析,檢驗方差齊性,方差齊采用LSD和SNK檢驗比較2組差異。血清及牙齦液IL?17A與ESR、CRP、RF、抗?CCP、DAS28評分、HAQ評分進(jìn)行直線相關(guān)性分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.14組血清及牙齦液IL?17A表達(dá)水平比較
如表2所示,對4組的血清及牙齦液IL?17A水平進(jìn)行檢查發(fā)現(xiàn),RA+CP組、RA組、CP組、H組的血清IL?17A水平分別為(66.6±24.98)、(46.58±8.50)、(31.35±5.10)、(29.25±5.50)pg/mL,RA+CP組與RA組、CP組、H組相比差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。RA+CP組、RA組、CP組、H組的牙齦液IL?17A水平分別為(25.71±5.1)、(19.97±4.95)、(18.85±5.36)、(15.38±4.36)pg/mL,RA+CP組與RA組、CP組、H組相比差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
表2RA+CP組、RA組、CP組、H組血清及牙齦液IL?17A表達(dá)水平比較Tab.2 Comparison of serum and gingival fluid IL?17A expres?sion levels of rheumatoid arthritis with periodontitis group,rheumatoid arthritis group,periodontitis group,and healthy group(x±s,n=20)
表2RA+CP組、RA組、CP組、H組血清及牙齦液IL?17A表達(dá)水平比較Tab.2 Comparison of serum and gingival fluid IL?17A expres?sion levels of rheumatoid arthritis with periodontitis group,rheumatoid arthritis group,periodontitis group,and healthy group(x±s,n=20)
Group Peripheral serum Gingival fluid IL?17A(pg/mL) IL?17A(pg/mL)RA+CP 66.6±24.98 25.71±5.10 RA 46.58±8.501),2) 19.97±4.951),2)CP 31.35±5.102) 18.85±5.362)H 29.25±5.502) 15.38±4.362)
2.2RA+CP組和RA組的IL?17A水平與臨床指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性分析
通過對RA+CP組和RA組2組ESR、CRP、RF、抗?CCP、DAS28評分、HAQ評分等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)RA+CP組血清IL?17A水平與抗?CCP呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.446,P<0.05),RA+CP組牙齦液IL?17A水平與抗?CCP呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.517,P<0.05)。RA+CP組的ESR、CRP、RF、抗?CCP、DAS28評分、HAQ評分均都高于RA組,但是2組比較均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表3。
RA與CP有很多相似之處,這2種疾病都是慢性破壞性的炎性疾病。對于牙周致病菌與RA之間的密切聯(lián)系,尤其是牙齦卟啉單胞菌的研究最有價值,因為它是唯一分泌肽?;彼崦搧啺泵福╬ep?tidylarginine deiminase,PAD)的原核生物。它通過分泌毒力因子牙齦素,與PAD相互作用進(jìn)入人體成為抗原,人體免疫系統(tǒng)與之反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生抗?CCP,有可能引起自身免疫反應(yīng)[9]。CP和RA可能有潛在的共同之處[10?11],有研究[12]發(fā)現(xiàn)RA患者患有CP的概率是只有CP患者的8.05倍,同時另一個研究[13]也發(fā)現(xiàn)全部是RA患者的人群中RA患者患有CP是只患有RA的1.82倍。由此可見RA患者可能更加容易患有CP。有研究[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)CP的炎癥程度可能是獨(dú)立于細(xì)菌感染之外的,是免疫功能的紊亂導(dǎo)致了CP的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,進(jìn)而加重病情活動[15]。也有部分研究[16?17]結(jié)果顯示RA患者牙周狀況較健康對照組差很多。同時越來越多的證據(jù)[11?14,18]表明RA與CP可能共享致病因素,包括促炎和抗炎細(xì)胞因子的不平衡。進(jìn)一步研究[19]報道稱RA和CP都存在一部分具體的血清促炎性因子和抗炎細(xì)胞因子的失衡。其中典型促炎因子IL?17A,它是主要由TH17細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的促炎效應(yīng)因子,功能主要是促進(jìn)炎性反應(yīng)[20]。有研究[21?22]表明在RA中IL?17A的表達(dá)是明顯上調(diào)的。LESTER等[23]通過酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實驗法發(fā)現(xiàn)重度CAL牙齦位點(diǎn)的IL?17A水平明顯升高。JAVED等[24]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在RA合并CP的患者牙齦液中有大量的炎性因子包括TNF?a、IL?1等。還有部分研究[17,25]同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)CP患者、RA合并CP患者的牙齦液中細(xì)胞因子種類和含量是不同的。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)RA合并CP的患者的牙周參數(shù)PD、CAL高于CP組。同時發(fā)現(xiàn)RA合并CP的患者血清、牙齦液中IL?17A的水平較高,高于RA組、CP組、H組。研究還顯示出RA合并CP患者血清及牙齦液的IL?17A水平與抗?CCP呈正相關(guān)。同時發(fā)現(xiàn)RA合并CP的血清及牙齦液的IL?17A表達(dá)水平、ESR、CRP、RF及抗?CCP、DAS28、HAQ高于RA組。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)說明RA對CP病情可能有一定影響;同時CP對RA的病情也可能有一定促進(jìn)作用。
表3 RA+CP組,RA組的IL?17A水平與臨床指標(biāo)比較(Tab.3 Comparison of IL?17A level and clinical parameters in patients of rheumatoid arthritis with periodontitis group and rheumatoid ar?thritis group(x±s,n=20)
表3 RA+CP組,RA組的IL?17A水平與臨床指標(biāo)比較(Tab.3 Comparison of IL?17A level and clinical parameters in patients of rheumatoid arthritis with periodontitis group and rheumatoid ar?thritis group(x±s,n=20)
Group CRP(mg/L) ESR(mm/h) RF(U/mL) Anti?CCP(AU/mL) DAS28 HAQ RA+CP 16.15±15.88 33.80±18.13 75.29±70.39 469.88±424.80 5.20±0.56 3.15±0.81 RA 13.53±12.60 30.75±16.69 58.26±54.84 260.60±252.33 5.03±0.44 2.65±0.99 P>0.05 ?。?.05 ?。?.05 >0.05 ?。?.05 ?。?.05
綜上所述,RA對CP病情可能有一定影響,CP對RA的病情也可能存在一定促進(jìn)作用。本研究的不足之處是不能完全排除2種疾病的炎癥相互疊加導(dǎo)致的相關(guān)改變,對此需要進(jìn)一步研究以明確其關(guān)系。同時,納入本研究的樣本篩選及樣本量可能不足,從而導(dǎo)致結(jié)論的局限性和偏倚。在今后的臨床實踐過程中,將繼續(xù)納入、整理和分析相關(guān)的資料,并對其研究歸納總結(jié)。
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(編輯于溪)
Expression of IL?17A in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Periodontal Disease
ZHAO Lin,XU Jingjing,WANG Xiaofei,ZHANG Xiaoli
(Department of Rheumatology,Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China)
ObjectiveThe level of IL?17A in serum and gingival fluid was measured and the clinical significance was analyzed,so as to under?stand the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and periodontal lesions.MethodsThe study participants included 20 patients with RA and CP,20 patients with RA,20 patients with RA,20 patients with CP,and 20 healthy controls.All groups were balanced for age,sex,and smok?ing status.The expression levels of IL?17A in serum and gingival fluid of the four groups were determined by ELISA method.ResultsThe level of serum IL?17A in RA+CP group,RA group,CP group and H group respectively 66.6±24.98,46.58±8.50,31.35±5.10,and 29.25±5.50 pg/mL;RA+CP group,RA group,CP group,H group of gingival fluid IL?17A levels were 25.71±5.1,19.97±4.95,18.85±5.36,and 15.38±4.36 pg/mL. The level of serum IL?17A and anti?CCP of patients in the RA+CP group had positive correlation(r=0.446,P<0.05),and the level of gingival fluid IL?17A and anti?CCP of patients in the RA+CP group had positive correlation(r=0.517,P<0.05).Compared with RA group,the visible clinical laboratory ESR,CRP,RF,anti?CCP,DAS28 and HAQ scores of RA+CP group were increased.ConclusionRheumatoid arthritis may exacerbate the periodontal disease in patients with periodontal disease.On the other hand,periodontal disease may also promote rheumatoid arthri?tis.
rheumatoid arthritis;interleukin?17A;chronic periodontal disease
R593.2
A
0258-4646(2016)12-1115-04
10.12007/j.issn.0258?4646.2016.12.013
遼寧省科學(xué)技術(shù)計劃(2014225017)
趙琳(1989-),女,碩士研究生.
張曉莉,E-mail:zhangxl3@sj?hospital.org
2016-05-06
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