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高效液相色譜法同時快速測定涼茶中11種非法添加化學藥物

2016-12-20 02:53溫家欣賴宇紅
分析測試學報 2016年3期
關鍵詞:涼茶標準溶液乙腈

溫家欣,陳 林 ,賴宇紅,雷 毅

(1.廣東省食品藥品檢驗所,廣東 廣州 510180;2.廣東藥學院 藥科學院,廣東 廣州 510006)

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高效液相色譜法同時快速測定涼茶中11種非法添加化學藥物

溫家欣1*,陳 林2,賴宇紅1,雷 毅1

(1.廣東省食品藥品檢驗所,廣東 廣州 510180;2.廣東藥學院 藥科學院,廣東 廣州 510006)

核-殼亞3μm色譜柱;涼茶;非法添加;化學藥物;高效液相色譜(HPLC)

涼茶是藥茶、保健茶的一種,是嶺南人民根據(jù)當?shù)囟嘤瓿睗竦臍夂蛱攸c和水土特性,在長期預防暑熱、疾病的過程中,以中醫(yī)養(yǎng)生理論為指導,中草藥為基礎,研制總結出的一類具有清熱解毒、生津止渴等功效的飲料總稱[1]。自2006 年廣東涼茶成功列入首批國家級非物質文化保護遺產以來,涼茶產業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛,不僅在傳統(tǒng)的涼茶市場(廣東、廣西地區(qū))發(fā)展勁頭十足,甚至在全國也開始掀起涼茶風潮。但是,在涼茶行業(yè)快速發(fā)展的同時,激烈的市場競爭也帶來不少問題。一些不法商家為增強療效,在涼茶中非法添加解熱鎮(zhèn)痛藥物[2-3],已影響到整個涼茶行業(yè)的信譽,可能會給飲用者帶來嚴重后果。

1 實驗部分

1.1 儀器與試劑

1.2 標準溶液的配制

分別精密稱取11種成分的標準物質約10 mg,置于20 mL容量瓶中,用甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液溶解配成濃度約為500 mg/L的標準儲備溶液,再將該儲備溶液用流動相C溶液(0.1%三氟乙酸三乙胺)稀釋制備成0.5,1.0,2.5,5.0,10,25 mg/L的系列標準溶液。

1.3 樣品前處理方法

精密量取10 mL樣品,置于50 mL容量瓶中,先加入甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液30 mL,超聲提取10 min,用甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液稀釋至刻度,搖勻,精密量取上清液5 mL,置于10 mL容量瓶中,用流動相C溶液稀釋、定容,經0.45 μm濾膜過濾。

1.4 HPLC法

1.5 HPLC-MS/MS法

色譜柱:Phenomenex luna C18(2.0 mm×150 mm,5 μm);流速:0.3 mL/min;柱溫:35 ℃;進樣量:10 μL;流動相:甲醇(A),乙腈(B),0.1%三氟乙酸三乙胺溶液(C,pH 3.0)。梯度洗脫程序:0~6 min,9%~15% A,6%~10% B;6~9 min,15%~30% A,10%~20% B;9~11 min,30%~65% A,20%~30% B;11~12 min,65%~9% A ,30%~6% B;12~15 min,9% A,6% B。

表1 選擇反應監(jiān)測參數(shù)

Table 1 Selective reaction monitor (SRM) parameters

No.CompoundQuantitativeionpairCE?(V)QualitativeionpairCE?(V)1Acetaminophen(對乙酰氨基酚)1519/1100141519/652292Sulfapirazinmetossina(磺胺甲唑)2540/1560142540/1080223Aspirin(阿司匹林)1790/1372101790/930214Salicylicacid(水楊酸)1370/932181370/65430

*CE:collision energy

2 結果與討論

2.1 HPLC條件的優(yōu)化

2.1.1 提取溶劑的選擇 從溶解度分析,對乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林和水楊酸微溶于水,易溶于甲醇、乙醇;喹諾酮類藥物微溶于水和甲醇,易溶于酸或堿溶液;磺胺類藥物在水中幾乎不溶,易溶于稀酸溶液;四環(huán)素類藥物在水、乙醇和乙腈中微溶,在稀酸中溶解。本文采用甲醇、乙腈和甲醇-乙腈溶液(1∶1)作為提取溶劑,比較發(fā)現(xiàn),用甲醇作提取溶劑時,喹諾酮類藥物的回收率均低于70%;用乙腈作提取溶劑時,喹諾酮類、四環(huán)素類藥物的回收率均低于75%。而采用甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液作提取溶劑時,11種成分的提取效率高,且回收率穩(wěn)定。

2.1.4 柱效性能的比較 在相同的流動相體系下,分別采用安捷倫公司的Poroshell 120 EC C18和ZORBAX Eclipse C18色譜柱對11種待測藥物的混合標準溶液進行檢測(見圖1)。比較圖1A~B可知:采用與Poroshell 120 EC C18同一品牌的ZORBAX Eclipse C18作為常規(guī)5 μm色譜柱代表,流速為1.0 mL/min,通過調節(jié)流動相比例,所有待測藥物均在45 min內完全分離。而核-殼亞3 μm色譜柱Poroshell 120 EC C18在流速1.2 mL/min條件下,15 min內可將11種成分完全分離,相比于ZORBAX Eclipse C18色譜柱,可節(jié)省約66%的分析時間和約60%的溶劑。

圖1 11種成分標準溶液在不同色譜柱下的色譜圖(25 μg/mL)

Fig.1 Chromatograms of 11 compounds mixed standard solutions(25 μg/mL) on different columns

A:Poroshell 120 EC C18;B:ZORBAX Eclipse C18;1.acetaminophen,2.sulfadiazine,3.sulfamethazine,4.terramycin,5.ofloxacin,6.sulfapirazinmetossina,7.ciprofloxacin,8.salicylic acid,9.aspirin,10.lomefloxacin,11.doxycycline

2.2 線性關系與檢出限

取“1.2”的系列混合標準溶液,按上述方法測定,各化合物的線性范圍、回歸方程(y為峰面積;x為質量濃度,mg/L)及相關系數(shù)見表2。11種成分在0.5~25 mg/L范圍內線性關系良好,相關系數(shù)均不小于0.998 2。

取陰性樣品10 mL,置50 mL容量瓶中,加標準儲備液適量,用流動相C逐級稀釋,按3倍信噪比(S/N=3)計算方法檢出限,結果見表2。11種成分的檢出限為1~5 mg/L。

表2 11種成分的線性關系與檢出限

Table 2 Linear relations and limits of detection of 11 compounds

No.CompoundLinearrange(mg/L)RegressionequationrLOD(mg/L)1Acetaminophen(對乙酰氨基酚)05~25y=356084x-813960999212Sulfadiazine(磺胺嘧啶)05~25y=391939x-1072920999113Sulfamethazine(磺胺二甲嘧啶)05~25y=358888x-887660999214Terramycin(土霉素)05~25y=121220x-822440998815Ofloxacin(氧氟沙星)05~25y=421746x-3422940998416Sulfapirazinmetossina(磺胺甲唑)05~25y=365786x-1009370999217Ciprofloxacin(環(huán)丙沙星)05~25y=362911x-3482830998318Salicylicacid(水楊酸)05~25y=224825x-1416050998459Aspirin(阿司匹林)05~25y=103123x-5017809997510Lomefloxacin(洛美沙星)05~25y=548232x-47032409982111Doxycycline(強力霉素)05~25y=96997x-107979099872

2.3 精密度與回收率

取一批空白樣品10 mL,分別做低、中、高(0.25,0.50,1.0 mg) 3個濃度水平的加標回收實驗,平行配制6份,按上述方法進行測定,結果見表3。11種成分的平均回收率為86.9%~108.0%,RSD為0.5%~1.4%。

表3 11種成分的回收率及相對標準偏差(n=6)

Table 3 Average recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 11 compounds (n=6)

No.CompoundSpiked(mg)Averagerecovery(%)RSD(%)1Acetaminophen025,050,101026,979,98714,12,122Sulfadiazine025,050,101016,974,97208,07,083Sulfamethazine025,050,101011,971,96306,05,054Terramycin025,050,101054,1006,98010,08,075Ofloxacin025,050,101068,1060,101407,06,076Sulfapirazinmetossina025,050,101020,970,94706,05,067Ciprofloxacin025,050,101076,1054,101409,06,058Salicylicacid025,050,10930,910,91509,07,069Aspirin025,050,101033,983,100808,07,0510Lomefloxacin025,050,101080,1076,102509,05,0711Doxycycline025,050,10905,869,89211,10,09

表4 典型陽性樣品的測定結果

Table 4 Determination results of some typical positive samples

SampleNo.CompoundConcentration(mg/L)1Acetaminophen50502Acetaminophen265Aspirin48Salicylicacid2093Sulfapirazinmetossina1994Acetaminophen25Acetaminophen26Acetaminophen14807Acetaminophen48Aspirin9Salicylicacid2329Acetaminophen496

2.4 實際樣品的測定

2.5 HPLC-MS/MS法定性結果

4種陽性成分的總離子流(TIC)圖和提取離子流(XIC)圖見圖3。在相同條件下,實際樣品中的陽性成分與標準溶液的XIC圖一致,說明HPLC-MS/MS法定性確證結果與本文所建立的HPLC法測定結果相同。

圖2 對乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林與水楊酸陽性樣品(A)和磺胺甲陽性樣品(B)的代表性圖譜Fig.2 Chromatograms of an acetaminophen,aspirin and salicylic acid positive sample(A)and a sulfapirazinmetossina positive sample(B)the number denoted was the same as that in Table 2

圖3 4種陽性成分標準溶液的TIC圖和XIC圖(0.5 μg/mL)

Fig.3 Total ion chromatograms(TIC) and extracted ion chromatograms(XIC) of 4 mixed standard solutions(0.5 μg/mL)

A:TIC of 4 mixed standard solutions,B:XIC of aspirin,C:XIC of salicylic acid,D:XIC of acetaminophen,E:XIC of sulfapirazinmetossina

3 結 論

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[3] Xie W H,Chen S Q,Chen W M,Sun S H,Wang Q H.GuangdongChem.Ind.(謝文輝,陳少渠,陳偉美,孫樹豪,王慶華.廣東化工),2013,40(1):104-113.

[4] Yang Y Y,Deng J W,Yu Y H,Zhong X L.J.Instrum.Anal.(楊運云,鄧潔薇,余彥海,鐘新林.分析測試學報),2012,31(5):613-617.

[5] Yang Y Y,Deng J W,Wu Q H,Yu Y H,Zhong X L.J.Instrum.Anal.(楊運云,鄧潔薇,吳慶暉,余彥海,鐘新林.分析測試學報),2012,31(12):1493-1498.

[6] Liang H,Deng J W,Yang Y Y.J.Instrum.Anal.(梁慧,鄧潔薇,楊運云.分析測試學報),2014,33(2):144-149.[7] Liang H,Zhu W J,Yuan Z Q,Chen C,Wu Q H,Yang Y Y.J.Instrum.Anal.(梁慧,朱偉健,袁智泉,陳超,吳慶暉,楊運云.分析測試學報),2015,34(5):558-563.

[8] Xie J Z,Wei Q,Jiao Y,Xie T,Zhu Q L,Liu X H,Zou L H.StraitPharm.J.(謝集照,韋倩,焦楊,謝婷,朱秋蓮,劉向紅,鄒錄惠.海峽藥學),2015,27(4):55-59.

[9] Xie Z J.TheoriesandPracticesofRapidScreeningTechnologiesforAdulterationsinHealthProducts.Guangzhou:South China University Technology Press (謝志潔.健康產品中非法添加化學成分快速篩查方法理論與實踐.廣州:華南理工大學出版社),2011.

[10] Abrahim A,Al-Sayah M ,Skrdla P,Bereznitski Y,Chen Y D,Wu N J.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2010,51:131-137.[11] Song W,Pabbisetty D,Groeber E A,Steenwyk R C,Fast D M.J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2009,50:491-500.

[12] Kirkland J J,Schuster S A,Johnson W L,Boyes B E.J.Pharm.Anal.,2013,3(5):303-312.

[13] Broeckhoven K,Cabooter D,Desmet G.J.Pharm.Anal.,2013,3(5):313-323.

[14] McCalley D V.J.Chromatogr.A,2010,1217:4561-4567.

[15] Ouyang Y L,Xie W P,Huang Y Y,Fang S Z.Chin.J.PublicHealth(歐陽燕玲,謝維平,黃盈煜,方素珍.中國公共衛(wèi)生),2009,25(5):610-611.

[16] Yu H J,Bi S C.Chin.J.Anal.Lab.(于慧娟,畢士川.分析試驗室),2007,26(12):18-21.

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Rapid and Simultaneous Analysis of 11 Adulterated Drugs in Herbal Tea by HPL

CWEN Jia-xin1*,CHEN Lin2,LAI Yu-hong1,LEI Yi1

(1.Guangdong Institute for Food and Drug Control,Guangzhou 510180,China;2.School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of 11 adulterated drugs (acetaminophen,aspirin,salicylic acid,sulfapirazinmetossina,sulfadiazine,sulfamethazine,ofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,lomefloxacin,terramycin and doxycycline) in herbal tea was developed.The samples were extracted ultrasonically with methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1),and the extracts were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC C18column (100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7 μm) with trifluoroacetic acid triethylamine (pH 3.0)-methanol-acetonitrile as mobile phases by gradient elution.The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min and the column temperature was 35 ℃.Identification of 11 compounds was achieved by the comparison of the chromatographic peaks' retention times and the DAD spectra between the samples and reference substances.Quantification analysis was performed by the external standard method.The calibration curves showed good linearities in the range of 0.5-25 mg/L with correlation coefficients not less than 0.998 2.The detection limits of 11 compounds ranged from 1 mg/L to 5 mg/L.The average recoveries ranged from 86.9% to 108.0% with RSDs of 0.5%-1.4%.The method was applied in the analysis of 286 herbal tea samples,and 9 positive samples containing acetaminophen,aspirin,salicylic acid and sulfapirazinmetossina were found.The positive samples were further identified and verified by HPLC-MS/MS.The experimental results indicated that the proposed method was simple,sensitive and accurate,and was suitable for the determination of 11 adulterated drugs in herbal tea.

fused-core sub-3 μm particle column;herbal tea;adulteration;drugs;high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

2015-07-31;

2015-08-28

廣東省中醫(yī)藥局科研課題(20132111);廣東省省級科技計劃項目(2013B090200059);廣州市健康產品非法添加化學成分快速檢測技術重點實驗室項目(2013年);廣東省食品藥品檢驗檢測技術創(chuàng)新專項(2015ZX01)

10.3969/j.issn.1004-4957.2016.03.005

O657.72;TQ460.72

A

1004-4957(2016)03-0285-07

*通訊作者:溫家欣,碩士,研究方向:食品藥品檢測,Tel:020-32079725,E-mail:ellawen224@qq.com

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