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從足癬患者趾間皮損處分離出黏膜毛孢子菌1例

2016-12-24 02:02胡文英許鳳妮冉玉平代亞玲莊凱文
中國真菌學(xué)雜志 2016年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:足癬足趾孢子

胡文英 許鳳妮 冉玉平 代亞玲 莊凱文

(1.四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院皮膚性病科,成都 610041;2.四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院實(shí)驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)科,成都 610041)

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·病例報(bào)告·

從足癬患者趾間皮損處分離出黏膜毛孢子菌1例

胡文英1許鳳妮1冉玉平1代亞玲2莊凱文1

(1.四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院皮膚性病科,成都 610041;2.四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院實(shí)驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)科,成都 610041)

報(bào)道由黏膜毛孢子菌感染所致的足癬1例?;颊咭颉半p足趾間及足底脫屑伴瘙癢6個(gè)月”就診,查體見雙足趾間及足底白色鱗屑,雙趾間潮濕,右足大拇趾有數(shù)個(gè)跖疣。取趾間皮屑直接鏡檢見大量分隔菌絲;真菌培養(yǎng)及分子鑒定為黏膜毛孢子菌。臨床診斷為足癬、跖疣。分別予抗真菌及冷凍等治療后治愈。

毛孢子菌;黏膜毛孢子菌;足癬

[Chin J Mycol,2016,11(2):117-118]

1 臨床資料

患者女,26歲,因“雙足趾間及足底脫屑伴瘙癢6個(gè)月”就診。6個(gè)月前無明顯誘因雙足趾間及足底出現(xiàn)白色脫屑,伴瘙癢,自行局部外用藥物 (具體不詳)無明顯好轉(zhuǎn),患者雙足有多汗癥。平素體健,職業(yè)為導(dǎo)游,喜穿運(yùn)動鞋。家族及同事中無類似病史。

體格檢查:雙足趾間及足底白色脫屑,雙足趾間潮濕,右足大拇趾見數(shù)個(gè)跖疣 (見圖1)。皮膚鏡 (江蘇省捷達(dá)科技發(fā)展有限公司)檢查:雙足趾間紅斑及脫屑明顯 (見圖2)。實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查:刀片刮取趾間鱗屑涂片,經(jīng)美蘭染色后在顯微鏡下觀察見分隔菌絲 (見圖3)。將鱗屑接種于含氯霉素及放線菌酮的沙氏培養(yǎng)基中,32℃培養(yǎng),6 d后可見少量白色酵母樣菌落生長 (見圖4)。將菌株轉(zhuǎn)種至含氯霉素及放線菌酮的馬鈴薯培養(yǎng)基中,14 d后在皮膚鏡下觀察見潮濕放射狀黃白色酵母樣菌落 (見圖5)。小培養(yǎng) (棉蘭染色)見毛孢子菌典型的分隔及關(guān)節(jié)菌絲結(jié)構(gòu) (見圖6)。用DNA提取試劑盒 (廣州蘇瑪生物科技有限公司)提取培養(yǎng)菌落的DNA,按Sugita[1]的方法以引物26SF (5'-ATCCTTTGCAGACGACTTGA-3')及5SR (5'-AGCTTGACTTCGCAGATCGG-3')擴(kuò)增 (Intergenic spacer,基因間隔序列,IGS)區(qū)域后送PCR產(chǎn)物測序,測序結(jié)果登陸GenBank 進(jìn)行BLAST比對,與編號EU934806.1的黏膜毛孢子菌 (Trichosporonmucoides)株的同源性100%。GenBank序列號:KP453832。

診斷:足癬、跖疣。

治療:鏡檢陽性后予鹽酸特比萘芬250 mg,1次/d,10%聚維酮碘溶液泡足后外用1%萘替芬-0.25%酮康唑乳膏。跖疣予冷凍治療及咪喹莫特乳膏外用。培養(yǎng)陽性并鑒定為黏膜毛孢子菌后將鹽酸特比萘芬更換為伊曲康唑膠囊200 mg,2次/d,口服 (牛奶送服)2周?;颊咦孕型K?個(gè)月后復(fù)診時(shí)雙足趾間及足底已無脫屑 (見圖7~8),瘙癢減輕。鏡檢及培養(yǎng)均為陰性。繼續(xù)服藥3周后停藥。隨訪半年無復(fù)發(fā)。

圖1 治療前皮損 圖2 皮膚鏡下觀察趾間脫屑明顯 圖3 皮屑內(nèi)菌絲 (美蘭染色×400) 圖4 沙氏培養(yǎng)基6 d 圖5 將菌種接種于馬鈴薯培養(yǎng)基,32℃培養(yǎng)14 d,皮膚鏡下見潮濕放射狀黃白色酵母樣菌落 (在皮膚鏡下放大觀察) 圖6 小培養(yǎng)鏡下見典型關(guān)節(jié)菌絲 (棉蘭染色×400) 圖7 治療3個(gè)月后皮損緩解 圖8 皮膚鏡下觀察趾間脫屑消失

Fig.1 Tinea pedis before treatment Fig.2 Scales between the toes under dermoscopy Fig.3 Hyphae inside the scales (×400) Fig.4 Colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar after 14 d at 32℃ Fig.5 Colonies on potato dextrose agar under dermoscopy Fig.6 Slide culture showed the typical septate hyphae and arthroconidia cells (×400) Fig.7 Lesions at 3 months after treatment Fig.8 Lesions under dermoscopy after treatment

2 討 論

毛孢子菌屬于擔(dān)子菌門傘菌亞門銀耳綱銀耳目真菌,廣泛存在于土壤、樹木、河流等自然界中,部分毛孢子菌參與皮膚及黏膜定植[2]。臨床上以非洲裔人群為主的毛結(jié)節(jié)病是毛孢子菌所致代表性淺部感染。而在患惡性腫瘤、HIV感染、使用免疫抑制劑等免疫缺陷人群中毛孢子菌則可引起侵襲性感染。日本報(bào)道毛孢子菌還與夏季超敏型肺炎相關(guān)[3]。

自1865年Beigel發(fā)現(xiàn)首例毛孢子菌頭發(fā)感染的患者以來,現(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)毛孢子菌50余種,其中與臨床相關(guān)的有阿薩希毛孢子菌 (T.asahii)、黏膜毛孢子菌 (T.mucoides)、皮瘤毛孢子菌 (T.inkin)等16種[4],而黏膜毛孢子菌為侵襲性感染的主要菌種之一[5]。Lacasse等[6]報(bào)道1例肝移植術(shù)后患黏膜毛孢子菌血癥病例。該患者第2次肝移植術(shù)后血培養(yǎng)分離出黏膜毛孢子菌,抗真菌治療 (泊沙康唑200 mg口服,3次/d)后轉(zhuǎn)氨酶和血清肌酐下降,臨床癥狀有所改善。Chen等[7]報(bào)道1例因連續(xù)流動式腹膜透析患毛孢子菌腹膜炎。該患者因狼瘡腎炎致終末期腎病行腹膜透析4 a多后出現(xiàn)寒戰(zhàn)、發(fā)熱,在口服氟康唑前后的2次腹腔積液培養(yǎng)中均分離出黏膜毛孢子菌,靜脈用氟康唑后仍無效,改為靜脈用兩性霉素B預(yù)后不詳。黏膜毛孢子菌引起淺表感染非常少見。Sageerabanoo等[8]報(bào)道了1例由毛孢子菌引起甲真菌病的病例,進(jìn)行藥敏試驗(yàn)后該患者口服特比萘芬250 mg,1次/d,4個(gè)月后痊愈。此外黏膜毛孢子菌還可與皮瘤毛孢子菌共同引起毛結(jié)節(jié)病[9]。上述4例或未具體描述鑒定方法,或用形態(tài)及生化方法鑒定。黏膜毛孢子菌相關(guān)病例報(bào)告少見,其原因除了毛孢子菌感染的病例數(shù)不多外,也可能與菌種鑒定方法有關(guān)。自2002年Sugita等開始以IGS區(qū)對毛孢子菌做分子生物學(xué)分類鑒定以來,形態(tài)學(xué)及生化方法已不能滿足毛孢子菌的分類鑒定需要,而大多數(shù)對毛孢子菌的鑒定仍然停留在該水平。

本例患者由臨床表現(xiàn)及皮膚鏡檢查提示、真菌鏡檢初診為“足癬”,因足癬是由皮膚癬菌所致,故予特比萘芬口服。當(dāng)真菌培養(yǎng)、PDA小培養(yǎng)及分子測序確認(rèn)為黏膜毛孢子菌后將特比萘芬更換為伊曲康唑口服,效果良好。

[1] Sugita T,Nakajima M,Ikeda R,et al.Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer 1 regions ofTrichosporonspecies[J].J Clin Microbiol,2002,40(5):1826-1830.

[2] Silvestre AM,Miranda JrMAR,Camargo ZP.Trichosporonspecies isolated from the perigenital region,urine and catheters of a Brazilian population[J].Braz J Microbiol,2010,41(3):628-634.

[3] Sugita T,Ikeda R,Nishikawa A.Analysis ofTrichosporonisolates obtained from the houses of patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis[J].J Clin Microbi,2004,42(12):5467-5471.

[4] Pagnocca FC,Legaspe MFC,Rodrigues A,et al.Yeasts isolated from a fungus-growing ant nest,including the description ofTrichosporonchiarelliisp.nov.,an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast[J].Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,2010,60(6):1454-1459.

[5] Colombo AL,Padovan ACB,Chaves GM,et al.Current knowledge ofTrichosporonspp.and Trichosporonosis[J].Clin Microbiol Rev,2011,24(4):682-700.

[6] Lacasse A,Clevel KO.Trichosporonmucoidesfungemia in a liver transplant recipient:case report and review[J].Transpl Infect Dis,2009,11(2):155-159.

[7] ChenYT,Yang WC,Chen TW,et al.Trichosporonmucoidesperitonitis in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient[J].Perit Dial Int,2013,33(3):341-342.

[8] Sageerabanoo,Malini A,Oudeacoumar P,et al.Onychomycosis due toTrichosporonmucoides[J].Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol,2011,77(1):76-77.

[9] Tendolkar U,Shinde A,Baveja S,et al.TrichosporoninkinandTrichosporonmucoidesas unusual causes of white piedra of scalp hair[J].Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol,2014,80(4):324-327.

[本文編輯] 衛(wèi)鳳蓮

Trichosporonmucoidesisolated from the toes in a tinea pedis patient

HU Wen-ying1,XU Feng-ni1,RAN Yu-ping1,DAI Ya-ling2,ZHUANG Kai-wen1

(1.DepartmentofDermatoverenology;2.DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicine,WestChinaHospital,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu610041,China)

Trichosporonmucoidesisolated from the toes in a tinea pedis patient was reported.The patient had a history of itching and scaling of feet for 6 months.Her toes were sweaty with white scaling,and her big toe of right foot had plantar warts.Direct microscopic examination of scale samples showed septate hyaline hyphae;fungal colonies developed on Sabouraud dextrose agar after inoculating for 2 weeks were identified asTrichosporonmucoidesby molecular identification.The diagnoses were tinea pedis and plantar warts.The lesions were completely cured by antifungals,cryotherapy and imiquimod cream.

Trichosporon;Trichosporonmucoides;tinea pedis

胡文英,女 (漢族),碩士研究生在讀.E-mail:huwenying31@163.com

冉玉平,E-mail:ranyuping@vip.sina.com

R 379.9 R 756.3

A

1673-3827(2016)11-0117-02

2015-05-20

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