文/王逢鑫

厲害了，我的國！

文/王逢鑫

2017年春節(jié)期間，中央電視臺(tái)《新聞聯(lián)播》推出特別節(jié)目“厲害了，我的國”，表達(dá)了我國人民的自豪感?！皡柡Α笔莻€(gè)口語常用的多義詞，可以用作形容詞、副詞和名詞，在不同語境中有不同的含義，無法在英語中找到一個(gè)固定的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。因此，“厲害”是一個(gè)較難翻譯的詞，要視具體語境而定。

作為形容詞，“厲害”的第一個(gè)意思是“兇猛的”，英語譯為 fi erce。例如：

1. 老虎非常厲害，通常被認(rèn)為是“百獸之王”。As the tiger is very fi erce, it is usually considered as the king of all animals.

作為形容詞，“厲害”的第二個(gè)意思是“強(qiáng)有力的”，英語譯為powerful。例如：

2. 許多網(wǎng)民異口同聲地說：“厲害了，我的國！”Many netizens said with one voice, “You’ve become powerful, my motherland!”

作為形容詞，“厲害”的第三個(gè)意思是“繁榮的”，英語譯為prosperous。例如：

3. 當(dāng)他回到闊別許久的故鄉(xiāng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)城市發(fā)生了巨大變化，便情不自禁地歡呼道：“厲害了，我的家！”When he returned to his hometown from which he had long been away, and found great changes had taken place in this city, he couldn’t control his feelings and cheered up, “You’ve become prosperous, my hometown!”

作為形容詞，“厲害”的第四個(gè)意思是“優(yōu)秀”，英語譯為outstanding。例如：

4. 這名女生是全校的學(xué)霸，樣樣功課都厲害。The girl student is a Straight-A student in her school, being outstanding in all the subjects.

作為形容詞，“厲害”的第五個(gè)意思是“尖刻”，英語譯為 sharp, as sharp as a razor。例如：

5. 她那張嘴真厲害，事事不饒人。She has got a sharp tongue, being lenient to nobody in all things.

作為形容詞，“厲害”的第六個(gè)意思是“毀滅性的”，英語譯為devastating。例如：

6. 他下了一著妙棋，十分厲害，他的對(duì)手發(fā)現(xiàn)難以應(yīng)付。He made a clever move which was so devastating that his opponent found it hard to deal with.

作為形容詞，“厲害”的第七個(gè)意思是“嚴(yán)厲”，英語譯為 stern。例如：

7. 這位老師很厲害，學(xué)生們都怕他。As the teacher is very stern, his students all fear him.

作為副詞，“厲害”的第一個(gè)意思是“劇烈”，英語譯為 violently。例如：

8. 他剛跑完馬拉松，心跳得厲害。As he has just fi nished a marathon, his heart is beating violently.

作為副詞，“厲害”的第二個(gè)意思是“程度嚴(yán)重”，英語譯為seriously、severely、badly、terribly、sharply、heavily 等。例如：

9. 雖然今天病得很厲害，他還是去上班了。Although he is seriously/badly ill today, he has gone to work.

10. 這個(gè)官員因玩忽失職而被批評(píng)得很厲害。The of fi cial was severely criticized for his neglect of duty.

11. 這座古廟里的幾尊佛像都風(fēng)化得很厲害。The several Buddha statues in this ancient temple have all badly weathered.

12. 這位老人中風(fēng)了，嘴歪得厲害。As the old man got a stroke, his mouth became badly crooked.

13. 看樣子老師忙得厲害，沒有時(shí)間回答我們的問題。It looks just as if our teacher is terribly busy and has no time to answer our questions.

14. 這所房子的屋頂傾斜得厲害。The roof of the house became sharply pitched.

15. 他這一跤摔得很厲害，半天爬不起來。He fell down so heavily that he failed to get up and lay on the ground for a long time.

作為副詞，“厲害”的第三個(gè)意思是“讓人難以忍受”，英語譯為unbearably。例如：

16. 這對(duì)夫婦正在非洲自由行，感到那里天熱得厲害。This couple are making a self-guided tour in Africa, and they feel that the weather is unbearably hot there.

作為名詞，“厲害”等同于“利害”，其英語的字面意思是 good and harm、merit and demerit或advantage and disadvantage?！皡柡Α弊鳛槊~的第一個(gè)意思是在權(quán)衡利弊時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)或偏重負(fù)面含義，即“事態(tài)的嚴(yán)重性”，英語譯為 seriousness of the matter。例如：

17. 你還年輕，不知道其中的厲害。As you are still young, you are ignorant of the seriousness of the matter.

作為名詞，“厲害”還用于“給點(diǎn)厲害瞧瞧”(亦作“給點(diǎn)顏色看看”)的說法中，其意思是“嚴(yán)厲教訓(xùn)”，英語譯為 good lesson。例如：

18. 學(xué)生們決定給這個(gè)校霸一點(diǎn)兒厲害瞧瞧。The students decided to teach the school bully a good lesson.

隨著2017年CCTV春節(jié)特別節(jié)目“厲害了，我的國”的推出，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上出現(xiàn)了“厲害了，我的家”“厲害了，我的哥”“厲害了，我的姐”等熱詞。如何翻譯“厲害了，我的……”，是個(gè)有趣的話題。在這里，“了”有宣告新事物或新氣象出現(xiàn)的含義，即announcing news。英語的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，正好有 announcing news的功能?！皡柡α耍业摹钡倪@種句式可以譯成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。至于“厲害”一詞，要看“誰”變厲害了?！皣眳柡α?，是“強(qiáng)大了”( to become powerful)；“家鄉(xiāng)”厲害了，是“繁榮了”(to become prosperous)，都有“贊揚(yáng)”的含義。還要看“干了什么”，如果是“干了好事”，就是變得“出名了”( to become famous)，從正面“贊揚(yáng)”；如果是“干了壞事”或“干了錯(cuò)事”，就是變得“臭名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)”(to become notorious)，有“批評(píng)”的含義。例如：

19. 一位朋友在贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)年輕人跳入河中救起一個(gè)小男孩時(shí)說：“厲害了！我的哥。”When one of his friends praised the young man for his jumping into the river to save a little boy, he said, “You’ve become famous, my brother!”

20. 一位公司同事在批評(píng)這個(gè)中年人酒后駕車時(shí)說：“厲害了！我的哥?！盬hen one of his colleagues in the company criticized the middle-aged man for his drink-driving, he said, “You’ve become notorious, my brother!”

“厲害了”還有一種句式，是后面跟一個(gè)句子，表示“難以置信”的意思。英語譯為incredible。例如：

21. 我最近讀了一篇關(guān)于少年科學(xué)家的新聞報(bào)道，說的是：“厲害了！這位高中生設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)微型衛(wèi)星，后被成功送入太空。”I have recently read a news report about a juvenile scientist, which says, “It is incredible that a highschool student designed a tiny satellite which was later sent into the space success fully.”