陸小乙 羅錦平 陸曉粵
【摘要】 目的:觀察改良眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜在開顱手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果。方法:隨機(jī)選擇2015年
12月-2016年10月至信宜市人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科進(jìn)行開顱手術(shù)的120例患者進(jìn)行臨床研究。按照就醫(yī)順序號(hào)分組,單號(hào)為觀察組,雙號(hào)為對(duì)照組,每組各60例。觀察組使用眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜對(duì)持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器進(jìn)行改良,對(duì)照組使用常規(guī)持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器進(jìn)行手術(shù)操作。比較兩組患者術(shù)中無(wú)菌手術(shù)巾干濕度,兩組醫(yī)護(hù)對(duì)持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器術(shù)中操作滿意度以及兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后出院時(shí)間以及感染率。結(jié)果:觀察組術(shù)中無(wú)菌手術(shù)巾重度潮濕、中度潮濕以及輕度潮濕的比例明顯低于對(duì)照組,而干爽比例明顯高于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組改良后的持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器術(shù)中操作滿意率為95.00%,滿意度評(píng)分為(93.24±1.16)分,明顯高于對(duì)照組滿意率75.00%,滿意度評(píng)分(87.59±3.82)分,兩組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間和患者術(shù)后出院時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,觀察組術(shù)后感染率為5.00%低于對(duì)照組18.33%,兩組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:改良眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜在開顱手術(shù)中具有很好的應(yīng)用效果,能使醫(yī)生操作簡(jiǎn)便實(shí)用,縮短取拿器械時(shí)間,有助于手術(shù)器械護(hù)士對(duì)手術(shù)器械的擺放,取拿有序,同時(shí)保持術(shù)野干燥無(wú)菌和預(yù)防傷口感染,降低患者傷口感染率,縮短患者住院時(shí)間。因此開展改良眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜在開顱手術(shù)中應(yīng)用研究有著特殊和重要的意義,改良眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜可以廣泛在臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜; 開顱手術(shù); 持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器
【Abstract】 Objective:To observe the application effects of the modified ophthalmic medical adhesive film in craniotomy.Method:120 cases with surgical operation in our hospital were selected from December 2015 to October 2016 as research subjects.According to the medical packet sequence number, odd numbers were selected as observation group, even numbers were selected as control group, 60 cases in each group.Observation group was given ophthalmic medical adhesive film to improve the bipolar coagulation device when operation,the control group was given conventional continuous drip bipolar coagulation device for operation.Aseptic surgical towel dry humidity,medical workers satisfaction of continuous drip bipolar coagulation in operation,operation time,postoperative discharge time and infection rate in two groups were compared.Result:Mild damp ratio,moderate damp ratio and severe damp ratio of sterile surgical towel in observation group were significantly lower than control group, dry ratio was significantly higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate of the observation group was 95.00%,and the satisfaction scores were (93.24±1.16)scores,compared with the control group,the satisfaction rate was 75.00%,and the satisfaction scores were (87.59±3.82)scores,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The operation time and discharge time in observation group were lower than those of the control group,the postoperative infection rate was 5.00% in the observation group and 18.33% in the control group,the postoperative infection rate was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The improved ophthalmic medical adhesive film has good application effect in craniotomy,can make the doctor easy and practical operation,shorten the time taken to take equipment,help to the operation of the instrument and equipment to the operation of the instrument,take the order.At the same time to keep the field dry aseptic and wound infection,reduce the wound infection rate,shorten the hospital stay.Therefore,it is of special and important significance to carry out the research on the application of the modified ophthalmic medical adhesive film in the craniotomy operation.
【Key words】 Ophthalmic medical adhesive film; Craniotomy; Continuous dripping bipolar coagulation device
First-authors address:The Peoples Hospital of Xinyi City,Xinyi 525300,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.04.009
開顱手術(shù)是臨床常見的神經(jīng)外科手術(shù),而雙極電凝器是手術(shù)中不可缺少的手術(shù)器械,這種器械能夠通過(guò)電流的作用對(duì)創(chuàng)面進(jìn)行切割和止血操作,使用方便,效果良好[1-2]。但是為了避免高溫電凝過(guò)程中電凝器與創(chuàng)面因?yàn)楦邷囟l(fā)生粘連,所以創(chuàng)面需要液體起到濕潤(rùn)、降溫的作用[3]。目前臨床上使用較多的是持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器,這種器械雖然很好地解決了上述問(wèn)題,但是出現(xiàn)器械拿取不方便,容易發(fā)生污染等問(wèn)題[4-6]。為了解決這一問(wèn)題,本院對(duì)其使用眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜進(jìn)行改良,為了觀察其臨床效果,進(jìn)行了本次研究,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 隨機(jī)選擇2015年12月-2016年10月至信宜市人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科進(jìn)行開顱手術(shù)的患者120例進(jìn)行臨床研究。按照住院時(shí)間排序,序列號(hào)單號(hào)患者作為觀察組,序列號(hào)雙號(hào)患者作為對(duì)照組,每組各60例。觀察組男42例,女18例,年齡24~75歲,平均(52.44±12.53)歲;對(duì)照組男46例,女14例,年齡22~74歲,平均(51.82±13.55)歲。兩組患者的性別、年齡比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,具有可比性(P>0.05)。本次研究通過(guò)本院倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)討論并取得同意。
1.2 方法 (1)觀察組:使用眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜對(duì)雙極電凝器進(jìn)行改良,具體操作如下:術(shù)前對(duì)開顱手術(shù)應(yīng)用持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估,器械準(zhǔn)備除常規(guī)備物以外,加一個(gè)一次性眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜。醫(yī)師護(hù)士常規(guī)無(wú)菌消毒,患者全麻后常規(guī)消毒鋪巾,利用眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜粘貼固定手術(shù),醫(yī)生取用最佳位置,存水袋部分裝置持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器收納持續(xù)滴出的生理鹽水。靠術(shù)野右側(cè)手術(shù),醫(yī)生方便取用雙極位置粘貼上眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜,調(diào)整眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜存水袋口可塑性支架,以便將袋口充分撐開,手術(shù)器械護(hù)士將連接好持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器放進(jìn)眼科醫(yī)用粘貼存水袋中,待醫(yī)生使用。術(shù)中觀察眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜存水量是否有滲漏。術(shù)后關(guān)閉持續(xù)滴水器,整理好雙極電凝器,撕掉一次性眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜以及腦型粘貼膜。(2)對(duì)照組:使用常規(guī)持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器進(jìn)行手術(shù)操作,傳統(tǒng)彎盤裝置持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器,并收納持續(xù)滴出的生理鹽水,而彎盤擱置手術(shù)器械托盤架上。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) (1)兩組患者術(shù)中無(wú)菌手術(shù)巾干濕度比較:比較兩組患者術(shù)中無(wú)菌手術(shù)巾干濕度,手術(shù)器械托盤架上手術(shù)巾潮濕面積超過(guò)30%為重度潮濕,面積在10%~30%為中度,面積不足10%為輕度,無(wú)潮濕、滴水痕跡為干爽[3]。(2)兩組醫(yī)護(hù)對(duì)持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器術(shù)中操作滿意度比較:自制滿意度評(píng)價(jià)量表,請(qǐng)參與手術(shù)的醫(yī)護(hù)在術(shù)后進(jìn)行填寫,量表包括是否縮短取器械時(shí)間、是否有助于手術(shù)器械擺放、是否有助于器械取拿有序等內(nèi)容,滿分100分,95~100分為非常滿意,85~94分為滿意,60~84分為一般,不足60分為不滿意。滿意率=(非常滿意例數(shù)+滿意例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。(3)兩組患者手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較:觀察兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后出院時(shí)間以及感染率,并進(jìn)行比較。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者術(shù)中無(wú)菌手術(shù)巾干濕度比較 觀察組術(shù)中無(wú)菌手術(shù)巾重度潮濕、中度潮濕以及輕度潮濕的比例明顯低于對(duì)照組,而干爽比例明顯高于對(duì)照組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組醫(yī)護(hù)對(duì)持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器術(shù)中操作滿意度比較 觀察組對(duì)改良后的持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器術(shù)中操作滿意率為95.00%,滿意度評(píng)分為(93.24±1.16)分;對(duì)照組對(duì)原有的持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器術(shù)中操作滿意率為75.00%,滿意度評(píng)分為(87.59±3.82)分,觀察組的滿意率與滿意度評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組患者手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較 觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間和患者術(shù)后出院時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后感染率為5.00%,對(duì)照組為18.33%,觀察術(shù)后感染率低于對(duì)照組,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
3 討論
隨著腦血管意外疾病患者和顱腦外傷患者的日漸增多,開顱手術(shù)已成為目前較為常見的外科手術(shù)之一,而雙極電凝器是術(shù)中最為常用的醫(yī)療器械之一[7]。電凝用于外科止血起源很早,1926年Cushing在Bovie協(xié)助下,將高頻電流應(yīng)用于腦外科手術(shù),最初為單極電凝,但是其所需電量較大,對(duì)周圍組織損傷較大[8]。為了解決這一問(wèn)題,臨床開始應(yīng)用雙極電凝器,其所需電量明顯減少,對(duì)周圍組織損傷小。隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展,設(shè)備不斷革新,越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用于外科手術(shù)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中。但是雙極電凝在使用過(guò)程中也存在缺陷,兩極會(huì)與被灼燒的組織發(fā)生粘連,粘連后兩極會(huì)有碳化組織或者血塊,影響后續(xù)操作。因此在電凝進(jìn)行過(guò)程中需要用生理鹽水沖洗以濕潤(rùn)創(chuàng)面,防治電凝器兩極與組織發(fā)生粘連,保持電凝器的清潔[9-10]。因此各種改良在臨床中不斷出現(xiàn),并且取得了較好療效。目前持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器能夠較好地解決這一問(wèn)題,并在臨床手術(shù)中應(yīng)用比較廣泛[11-12]。但開顱手術(shù)中使用持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器多是采用彎盤裝置并持續(xù)收納持續(xù)滴出的生理鹽水,而彎盤擱置于手術(shù)器械托盤架上,它所存在的缺點(diǎn):(1)放置離手術(shù)區(qū)較遠(yuǎn),手術(shù)醫(yī)生取拿不便,較易造成持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器置于彎盤外,導(dǎo)致液體外滲,浸濕手術(shù)巾[13-14];(2)占用擺放器械區(qū)域,影響手術(shù)器械擺放及取拿[15];(3)增加手術(shù)刀口感染的幾率。
為解決這一問(wèn)題,本院利用眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜的設(shè)計(jì)原理,改良應(yīng)用到各種開顱手術(shù)中使用持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器的裝置,收納持續(xù)滴出的生理鹽水。眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜分為粘貼膜、存水袋兩部分,粘貼膜能夠有效固定雙極電凝器,方便器械取用和整理,存水袋自動(dòng)收集電凝器的持續(xù)滴水,從而起到防止液體外滲,避免污染手術(shù)巾和創(chuàng)口的目的[16-18]。為了觀察改良眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜在開顱手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果,本院進(jìn)行了本次研究,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察組術(shù)中無(wú)菌手術(shù)巾重度潮濕、中度潮濕以及輕度潮濕的比例明顯低于對(duì)照組,而干爽比例明顯高于對(duì)照組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說(shuō)明通過(guò)使用改良眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜能夠有效解決持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器液體收集不便,容易造成滲漏的問(wèn)題,從而保持術(shù)野和無(wú)菌手術(shù)巾的干燥無(wú)菌。觀察組對(duì)改良后的持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器術(shù)中操作滿意率為95.00%,滿意度評(píng)分為(93.24±1.16)分;對(duì)照組對(duì)原有的持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器術(shù)中操作滿意率為75.00%,滿意度評(píng)分為(87.59±3.82)分,觀察組的滿意率與滿意度評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。這說(shuō)明改良后的雙極電凝器在臨床應(yīng)用中方便了醫(yī)生的術(shù)中操作和護(hù)士對(duì)器械擺放和整理工作。這是因?yàn)檠劭漆t(yī)用粘貼膜粘貼固定在手術(shù)醫(yī)生取用的最佳位置,方便醫(yī)生拿取,同時(shí)固定了器械的位置。另外,使用持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器的裝置及收納持續(xù)滴出的生理鹽水,避免使用彎盤接取液體的過(guò)程,方便了醫(yī)護(hù)的工作,得到其認(rèn)可[19-20]。觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間明顯短于對(duì)照組,這是由于改良后的電凝器操作更為方便,因此節(jié)約了手術(shù)時(shí)間。觀察組術(shù)后感染率為5.00%,對(duì)照組為18.33%,觀察術(shù)后感染率低于對(duì)照組,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。這是由于改良后的電凝器能更好的保持術(shù)區(qū)的干燥,從而減少了創(chuàng)口的污染,降低了感染率,也因此加速了患者創(chuàng)口的愈合,減少了患者的住院時(shí)間。
從本次研究來(lái)看,傳統(tǒng)開顱手術(shù)中使用持續(xù)滴水雙極電凝器采用彎盤裝置并持續(xù)收納滴出的生理鹽水,存在著一定的缺點(diǎn),而利用眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜設(shè)計(jì)原理,改良應(yīng)用到各種開顱手術(shù)中,能改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)方法的不足之處。將眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜改良應(yīng)用在開顱手術(shù)中,具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):(1)手術(shù)醫(yī)生操作簡(jiǎn)便實(shí)用,縮短取器械時(shí)間;(2)有助于手術(shù)器械護(hù)士對(duì)手術(shù)器械的擺放,取拿有序;(3)保持術(shù)野干燥無(wú)菌和預(yù)防傷口感染;(4)取材方便,使用簡(jiǎn)單,醫(yī)護(hù)易掌握,提高醫(yī)護(hù)工作效率。目前,本院開顱手術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用該項(xiàng)技術(shù),但國(guó)內(nèi)外未見類似公開的報(bào)道。
綜上所述,改良眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜在開顱術(shù)中具有很好的應(yīng)用效果,能使醫(yī)生操作簡(jiǎn)便實(shí)用,縮短取拿器械時(shí)間,有助于手術(shù)器械護(hù)士對(duì)手術(shù)器械的擺放,取拿有序,提高手術(shù)效率,同時(shí)保持術(shù)野干燥無(wú)菌和預(yù)防傷口感染,降低患者傷口感染率,縮短患者住院時(shí)間。因此開展改良眼科醫(yī)用粘貼膜在開顱手術(shù)中應(yīng)用研究有著特別和重要意義,應(yīng)于臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2016-12-09) (本文編輯:周亞杰)