熊翠玲,張 璐,付中民,王鴻權(quán),侯志賢,童新宇,李汶東,鄭燕珍,陳大福,郭 睿
(福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)蜂學(xué)學(xué)院,福州350002)
基于RNA-seq數(shù)據(jù)大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)的SSR分子標(biāo)記
熊翠玲*,張 璐*,付中民,王鴻權(quán),侯志賢,童新宇,李汶東,鄭燕珍,陳大福**,郭 睿**
(福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)蜂學(xué)學(xué)院,福州350002)
中華蜜蜂是東方蜜蜂的一個(gè)亞種,也是我國(guó)的特有蜂種。本研究基于已獲得的中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)SSR分子標(biāo)記,并進(jìn)行SSR位點(diǎn)的信息分析和SSR引物的發(fā)掘。利用MISA軟件對(duì)幼蟲(chóng)腸道轉(zhuǎn)錄組中數(shù)據(jù)組裝得到的43557條 unigenes進(jìn)行搜索,共預(yù)測(cè)出13448個(gè)SSR位點(diǎn),它們分布于7763條 unigene中,其中最主要的重復(fù)類(lèi)型為二核苷酸重復(fù)(58.03%),其次為三核苷酸重復(fù)(28.23%)和四核苷酸重復(fù)(9.72%)。二核苷酸重復(fù)中的基序主要是 AT/AT(占總量的30.4%)。對(duì)于所有的SSR位點(diǎn),利用Primer Premier 5軟件成功設(shè)計(jì)出21627 對(duì)引物,隨機(jī)選取 48 對(duì)引物對(duì)5個(gè)不同來(lái)源的中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品進(jìn)行SSR位點(diǎn)擴(kuò)增,共有15對(duì)成功擴(kuò)增出符合預(yù)期的目的片段。研究結(jié)果表明利用轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)的SSR引物是可行的,本研究開(kāi)發(fā)出的SSR引物為研究中華蜜蜂分子遺傳學(xué)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
RNA-seq;中華蜜蜂;幼蟲(chóng)腸道;SSR分子標(biāo)記
簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)序列 (simple sequence repeat, SSR)也稱微衛(wèi)星 (microsatellite),由1-6 個(gè)核苷酸堿基為重復(fù)單元 (motif)組成。SSR分子標(biāo)記具有多態(tài)性高、重復(fù)性好、實(shí)驗(yàn)操作容易及呈共顯性遺傳等特點(diǎn) (Jarneetal., 1996),因此廣泛應(yīng)用于動(dòng)植物及微生物等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域。然而,SSR分子標(biāo)記的特異性在一定程度上限制了其引物的通用性 (Glennetal., 2005)。對(duì)于基因序列未知的物種,SSR標(biāo)記的開(kāi)發(fā)較為困難。SSR分子標(biāo)記的傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)方法以基因文庫(kù)構(gòu)建法 (包括SSR富集文庫(kù))為主 (Hamiltonetal., 1999; Zaneetal., 2002),但費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力且效率低下。利用公共數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) (如NCBI、EMBL和DDBJ)中的共享基因序列挖掘SSR分子標(biāo)記也是一種較好的方法,但對(duì)于非模式生物或新物種而言,有限的基因序列資源嚴(yán)重阻礙SSR分子標(biāo)記的開(kāi)發(fā)。第二代高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展和應(yīng)用為規(guī)?;z傳變異檢測(cè) (O’Neilletal., 2013)和分子標(biāo)記位點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā) (Daveyetal., 2011; Yuetal., 2011; Pandeyetal., 2013)帶來(lái)了寶貴機(jī)遇。然而,基于高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)挖掘SSR分子標(biāo)記仍面臨著大數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)生物信息學(xué)方法和技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。東方蜜蜂Apiscerana(簡(jiǎn)稱東蜂)分布廣泛,但各地不同的蜜源和氣候條件使各地的東蜂在形態(tài)和種性上存在諸多差異。中華蜜蜂Apisceranacerana(簡(jiǎn)稱中蜂)起源于古喜馬拉雅山系的熱帶、亞熱帶雨林,已適應(yīng)我國(guó)各種生態(tài)地理?xiàng)l件,廣泛分布在長(zhǎng)江流域的亞熱帶常綠闊葉林區(qū)和稻茶區(qū) (段成鼎, 2003)。目前,中蜂己經(jīng)分化為不同的地理系,并在長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)化中形成其獨(dú)特的適應(yīng)性 (楊冠煌, 1983)。較之西方蜜蜂Apismellifera(簡(jiǎn)稱西蜂),中蜂具有抗螨害、耐寒、善利用零星蜜粉源等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
西蜂基因組早在2006年就已完成測(cè)序并公布 (Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2006),為蜜蜂行為、遺傳進(jìn)化和基因功能研究提供了重要的參考信息,也有力推動(dòng)了其SSR分子標(biāo)記的開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用。2015年,韓國(guó)的研究人員公布了東方蜜蜂的基因組(Park D, 2015),但當(dāng)時(shí)并沒(méi)有公布基因位置及功能注釋信息。目前,中蜂可利用的SSR分子標(biāo)記極少,有限的基因序列資源極大地限制了中蜂微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記的開(kāi)發(fā),中蜂種群遺傳學(xué)研究受到嚴(yán)重制約。此前,梁勤等(2009)利用6對(duì)微衛(wèi)星DNA標(biāo)記對(duì)福建省4個(gè)中蜂群體進(jìn)行遺傳多樣性分析,評(píng)估群體內(nèi)的遺傳變異和群體間的遺傳分化。徐新建(2013)等應(yīng)用10個(gè)微衛(wèi)星DNA標(biāo)記對(duì)海南島11個(gè)地點(diǎn)和大陸2個(gè)地點(diǎn)中蜂分析表明,海南中蜂多樣性豐富,島嶼和鄰近大陸種群發(fā)生了明顯的遺傳分化。本課題組利用RNA-seq技術(shù)對(duì)中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序,成功組裝了中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道的參考轉(zhuǎn)錄組并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了功能及代謝通路注釋 (未發(fā)表數(shù)據(jù)),可為中蜂的微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記開(kāi)發(fā)提供重要的參考信息。
本研究基于已獲得的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道RNA-seq數(shù)據(jù),利用MISA軟件搜索所有unigenes中的SSR位點(diǎn)信息,并通過(guò)Primer Premier 5軟件設(shè)計(jì)特異性引物,進(jìn)而對(duì)5個(gè)不同來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品的SSR位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,研究結(jié)果將為中蜂分子遺傳學(xué)的相關(guān)研究奠定基礎(chǔ),也為其它非模式生物或新物種的SSR分子標(biāo)記挖掘提供方法借鑒。
1.1 轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)
中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道的轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序委托廣州基迪奧生物科技有限公司進(jìn)行,測(cè)序平臺(tái)為Illumina Hiseq 2500,采用雙端測(cè)序 (PE125),RNA-seq共獲得43577 條 unigenes。本研究測(cè)得的轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)已上傳美國(guó)國(guó)家生物技術(shù)信息中心 (NCBI)SRA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),SRA號(hào):SRA456721。
1.2 供試蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)
本研究用于驗(yàn)證SSR引物的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)取自四川、遼寧、福建、江西和廣東。每個(gè)來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)分別剖取腸道,液氮速凍后轉(zhuǎn)移至-80℃保存?zhèn)溆?。使用組織DNA提取試劑盒 (TIANamp Genomic,中國(guó)),提取各腸道樣品的總DNA,-20℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.3 SSR 鑒定
利用軟件MISA (http://pgrc.ipk-gatersleben. de/misa/)搜索unigenes的SSR分子標(biāo)記,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下:二核苷酸重復(fù)≥6次,三核苷酸重復(fù)≥5次,四核苷酸重復(fù)≥5次,五核苷酸重復(fù)≥5次和六核苷酸重復(fù)≥5次。
1.4 SSR 引物設(shè)計(jì)與驗(yàn)證
根據(jù)MISA的輸出結(jié)果,利用Primer Premier 5(PREMIER Biosofe Int., Palo Alto, CA)對(duì)每一個(gè)含有16 bp堿基重復(fù)的SSR設(shè)計(jì)特異性引物。設(shè)置目的片段必須包含SSR起始-3 bp,終止+6 bp,擴(kuò)增片段大小為100-300 bp。引物的長(zhǎng)度設(shè)置為18-25 bp,最適長(zhǎng)度為 22 bp,引物最大允許有一個(gè)不能識(shí)別的堿基。設(shè)置引物的退火溫度 (Tm)為55℃-65℃,最適 Tm為58℃,上下游引物間的Tm差異最大允許3℃,引物末端穩(wěn)定性最大為250。引物由上海生工生物工程有限公司進(jìn)行合成。為驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)引物的穩(wěn)定擴(kuò)增,隨機(jī)挑選 48對(duì)引物進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。PCR 反應(yīng)體系為20 μL:其中中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道總DNA模板 1 μL,Mixture 10 μL,上下游引物(10 μmol/L)各 1 μL,無(wú)菌水補(bǔ)至20 μL。反應(yīng)程序如下:94℃預(yù)變性5 min;94℃變性50 s,55℃退火30 s,72℃延伸30 s,共33個(gè)循環(huán);72℃延伸10 min。PCR 產(chǎn)物經(jīng) 4% 瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道轉(zhuǎn)錄組中 SSR 位點(diǎn)的分布特點(diǎn)
利用MISA軟件對(duì)中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道轉(zhuǎn)錄組中43577 條 unigenes 進(jìn)行搜索,共預(yù)測(cè)出13448個(gè)SSR位點(diǎn),它們分布于7763 條 unigenes 中,出現(xiàn)頻率 (含有SSR的 unigene 數(shù)量與總 unigene 數(shù)量之比)為17.82%。這些SSR基序包含1-5 bp 的串聯(lián)重復(fù)序列。在中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)中,SSR基序的重復(fù)類(lèi)型中總數(shù)最多的是二核苷酸重復(fù),達(dá)SSR總數(shù)的58.03%;其次是三核苷酸重復(fù)和四核苷酸重復(fù),分別占SSR 總數(shù)的28.23%和9.72%;五核苷酸和六核苷酸重復(fù)的數(shù)量很少 (2.53%和 1.49%)(表 1)。中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道轉(zhuǎn)錄組 SSR 重復(fù)單元的重復(fù)次數(shù)分布在4-24次。二核苷酸重復(fù)次數(shù)分布在6-24次,三核苷酸重復(fù)次數(shù)分布在5-24次,四核苷酸重復(fù)次數(shù)分布在4-24次,五核苷酸重復(fù)次數(shù)分布在4-12次,六核苷酸重復(fù)次數(shù)分布在4-10次,其中,重復(fù)次數(shù)最多的為6次,占24.22%。對(duì)SSR 基元出現(xiàn)頻率進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),結(jié)果顯示二核苷酸重復(fù)中主要是 AT/AT 基元,占總量的30.04%,AG/CT 基元其次,占 22%,其它基元百分比超過(guò)2% 的只有AC/GT、AAC/GTT、AAG/CTT、AAT/ATT、AGC/CTG、AGG/CCT和AAAG/CTTT,其比例分別為4.7%、2.9%、5.2%、7.2%、2.4%、2.9%和3% (圖 1)。三核苷酸中ACT/AGT基序最少,占SSR總數(shù)的1.3% (圖1)。
圖1 基于基序類(lèi)型中 SSRs 在中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道轉(zhuǎn)錄組中的出現(xiàn)頻率Fig.1 Frequency distribution of SSRs based on motif types in Apis cerana cerana larval gut transcriptome
重復(fù)類(lèi)型Repeattype重復(fù)數(shù)Numberofrepeats4567891011121314>=15合計(jì)Total百分比(%)Percentage二核苷酸Dinucleotide--232016091203874595335122149863478045803三核苷酸Triucleotide-15537975791681762602249443811137972823四核苷酸Tetranucleotide6673259412046111697327430972五核苷酸Pentanucleotide2165344382541--326253六核苷酸Hexaucleotide1334723625-1--2201149總計(jì)Total1016197832572314143110658813701806113875713448-百分比(%)Pertancage7561471242217211064792655275134045103562--
2.2 中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道 SSRs引物設(shè)計(jì)
利用Primer Premier 5軟件進(jìn)行SSR引物的批量設(shè)計(jì),針對(duì)7209個(gè) unigenes共設(shè)計(jì)出21627對(duì)SSR引物。隨機(jī)挑選48對(duì)引物對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)5個(gè)不同來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)樣品進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,PCR產(chǎn)物的瓊脂糖凝膠電泳結(jié)果顯示,共有15對(duì)引物擴(kuò)增成功 (表2),并且擴(kuò)增片段與預(yù)期片段大小基本一致 (圖2),有效擴(kuò)增的比例達(dá)31.25%。上述結(jié)果表明基于RNA-seq數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)SSR引物的方法可行,這些SSR位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性的高低有待于進(jìn)一步的試驗(yàn)評(píng)估。
圖2 不同來(lái)源中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品 15 個(gè)SSR位點(diǎn)的PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物電泳Fig.2 Agarose gel electrophoresis for PCR amplification of 15 SSR loci in Apis cerana cerana larval gut samples from different regions in China注:A-E,不同SSR引物在各中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品中SSR位點(diǎn)擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物電泳;S,四川來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品; L,遼寧來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品; F,福建來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品; J,江西來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品; G,廣東來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道樣品; M, DNA marker;SSR1-15分別代表15對(duì) SSR 引物,引物序列見(jiàn)表2。Note:A-E, Agose gel electrophoresis for PCR amplification of SSR loci in each A. c. cerana larval gut sample using different SSR primers;S, A. c. cerana larval gut sample from Sichuan province; L, A. c. cerana larval gut sample from Liaoning province; F, A. c. cerana larval gut sample from Fujian province; J, A. c. cerana larval gut sample from Jiangxi province; G, A. c. cerana larval gut sample from Guangdong Province; M, DNA marker; SSR1-15 represent 15 pairs of SSR primer and the sequences are shown in Table 2.
編號(hào)NoUnigeneID引物序列Primersequence產(chǎn)物大小(bp)Productsize基序和重復(fù)數(shù)MotifandrepeatPCR擴(kuò)增PCRamplification11943F:CATGGCAAAATACGAACACGR:GCCTATCGAATCATCGGAGA251(CTCTC)4(TC)6S21965F:TCGACGGCCTGTACAACATAR:CTCCTCCATCTTCACGTTCC269(GAG)6(CAC)7S32000F:TCCGTTTTCGAAACGAAGATR:AGCACATATCGCATCACGAG173(GAAA)4S42047F:TCTGTAATAGGAAGAACGCGAAR:TCCTCTCCCCCTGTTTTTCT139(TCG)5S52069F:CGGAATCATCGTCATCCTCTR:GTTGCTGTTGTTGAGCCTGA183(TCC)6S62071F:TAAGGTGGATCTCGTCGGAGR:TAGATCCGTCGCGATTTTTC222(AG)8(AG)7(GA)6S72194F:GCCAAGAAGAAACGGAACAAR:GCCCTTCCTCTTCGACTTCT207(ACG)6(CAG)10(GAA)6S82358F:ATTCGTTACGGTCAATTCGCR:AATTCCGTATCCACATTGGC229(TCC)6S92042F:CAGCCTGCAATTGCCTATTTR:TACGAGTGCGAGAAACGAGA139(TC)10S102242F:GAAAAAGGCAAGAGGCGTAAR:GGAATCGTCGAAGAATGGAA280(AT)10S112522F:CGGTGAGTTGCCATTCTTCTR:ATCCGCGCGATATACGTAAC163(CTTC)5S122686F:AAATGGGAATATCCGGGAAGR:ACGTCGAACTCGAGAAGGAG220(CA)10S133249F:ATTTCCTCGTACGACGTTGCR:AAGTCGGTCAGTTGGTCGAT185(CGAC)5S144155F:GTTCGCATGTTGATTGGTTGR:GATGACCGATGACGATGATG126(TTCCA)4S152043F:TTGAGCTCGATCGGAAATCTR:AAATCGACCAATTCCTCCAA111(ATT)16S
此前,本課題組利用RNA-seq技術(shù)對(duì)中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道進(jìn)行深度測(cè)序,成功組裝并注釋其參考轉(zhuǎn)錄組。本研究利用生物信息學(xué)方法從中蜂幼蟲(chóng)腸道的轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)中預(yù)測(cè)出多達(dá)13448個(gè)SSR位點(diǎn),這些SSR位點(diǎn)種類(lèi)豐富,以二核苷酸重復(fù)類(lèi)型為主,其次為三核苷酸重復(fù)。其它昆蟲(chóng)如黃粉蟲(chóng)Tenebriomolitor(朱家穎, 2013)、扶桑綿粉蚧Phenacoccussolenopsis(羅梅, 2014)和沙蔥螢葉甲Galerucadaurica(張鵬飛, 2016)等的相關(guān)研究結(jié)果顯示單核苷酸重復(fù)是最主要的重復(fù)類(lèi)型,其次為三核苷酸重復(fù);溝眶象Eucryptorrhynchuschinensis(武政梅等, 2016)、二點(diǎn)委夜蛾Athetislepigone(Lietal., 2013)及云南切梢小蠹Tomicusyunnanensis(袁遠(yuǎn)等, 2014)等昆蟲(chóng)的SSR以三堿基重復(fù)為主。這與本研究的結(jié)果略有不同,以二核苷酸重復(fù)類(lèi)型為主可能是中蜂SSR分子標(biāo)記的特征。在表達(dá)序列標(biāo)簽(ESTs)中,多數(shù)情況下單核苷酸重復(fù)最多,其次為三核苷酸重復(fù)。三核苷酸重復(fù)是昆蟲(chóng)EST-SSR 中的核心重復(fù)類(lèi)型,因?yàn)槿塑账岷诵幕獦O少產(chǎn)生編碼框滑動(dòng)突變現(xiàn)象,其在編碼區(qū)較其它重復(fù)基元類(lèi)型更加穩(wěn)定 (Wangetal., 2012)。本研究中,中蜂幼蟲(chóng)的SSR出現(xiàn)頻率為17.82%,高于溝眶象(武政梅等, 2016)、黑翅土白蟻Odontotermesformosaanus(9.98%)(Huangetal., 2012)及煙粉虱Bemisiatabaci(5.07%)(Xieetal., 2012)等昆蟲(chóng)中SSR的出現(xiàn)頻率。推測(cè)較高的SSR出現(xiàn)頻率是中蜂幼蟲(chóng)的特征之一。在動(dòng)植物的轉(zhuǎn)錄組或基因組中,GC/CG是二堿基重復(fù)的SSR中的稀有重復(fù)基元。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)GC/CG核心基元數(shù)量?jī)H為1個(gè),與前人研究結(jié)果類(lèi)似 (張琳琳, 2008;張鵬飛, 2016)。
Tkahashi等(2009)曾通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)方法開(kāi)發(fā)出12個(gè)東蜂微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記,其中8個(gè)具有高多態(tài)性。郭慧萍等(2016)利用8個(gè)微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記對(duì)秦巴山區(qū)17個(gè)樣點(diǎn)共979個(gè)蜂群的中蜂遺傳多態(tài)性進(jìn)行評(píng)估,并以長(zhǎng)白山中蜂和阿壩中蜂作為外群進(jìn)行種群遺傳分化分析??傮w而言,目前已有的中蜂SSR分子標(biāo)記數(shù)量十分有限,嚴(yán)重制約中蜂遺傳進(jìn)化與種群遺傳研究。本研究中,設(shè)計(jì)合成的特異性SSR引物多達(dá)21627對(duì),為了驗(yàn)證上述SSR引物,隨機(jī)挑選其中的48對(duì)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)5個(gè)不同來(lái)源的中蜂幼蟲(chóng)樣品的SSR位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,結(jié)果顯示有15對(duì)引物可有效擴(kuò)增出SSR位點(diǎn),有效擴(kuò)增率達(dá)31.25%,說(shuō)明基于RNA-seq數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)出的SSR位點(diǎn)只有部分真實(shí)存在,然而,通過(guò)此法開(kāi)發(fā)出的可用于多態(tài)性分析的SSR位點(diǎn)數(shù)目仍非常可觀。本研究中,SSR位點(diǎn)擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物的電泳采用的是瓊脂糖凝膠法,此法較聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳 (PAGE)法分辨率低,上述SSR位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性的確定有待于進(jìn)一步研究。
綜而述之,利用以RNA-seq為代表的二代測(cè)序技術(shù)挖掘SSR分子標(biāo)記具有通量高、速度快和效率高的優(yōu)點(diǎn),解決了傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)方法的瓶頸問(wèn)題,使微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記的大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。中蜂是非模式生物,其基因組信息剛剛公布 (Park, 2015),本研究說(shuō)明基于高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)非模式生物的SSR分子標(biāo)記是一種快速高效的途徑。目前,以單分子測(cè)序技術(shù)為代表的三代測(cè)序技術(shù)逐漸興起,SSR分子標(biāo)記開(kāi)發(fā)及功能基因定位將更為方便快捷。
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Large-scale development of SSR primers forApisceranaceranalarvae based on its RNA-seq datasets
XIONG Cui-Ling*,ZHANG Lu*,F(xiàn)U Zhong-Min,WANG Hong-Quan,HOU Zhi-Xian,TONG Xin-Yu,LI Wen-Dong,ZHENG Yan-Zhen,CHEN Da-Fu**,GUO Rui**
(College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China)
Apisceranaceranais a subspecie ofApiscerana, and it’s also an unique honeybee specie in China. In the present study, SSR molecular markers forA.c.ceranawere predicted based on the transcriptome datasets ofA.c.ceranalarval gut previously obtained. Further, we performed infromation analysis of SSR loci and development of SSR primers. First, MISA software was used to search 43557 unigenes assembled from RNA-seq data of eastern honeybee larval gut, and a total of 13448 SSR loci were found, which distributed in 7763 unigenes. Among these SSR loci, the main repeat types were di-nucleotide repeats (58.03%), followed by tri-nucleotide repeats (28.23%)and finally tetra-nucleotide repeats (9.72%). The AT/AT motif was the most abundant (30.4%)in di-nucleotide repeats. In total, 21627 pairs of primers were designed from all SSRs. 48 pairs of SSR primers were randomly selected and used to amplify the SSR loci inA.c.ceranalarva gut samples from five different regions in China, and 15 SSR primer pairs could amplify the target fragments with expected size. Our findings suggested that large-scale development ofA.c.ceranalarvae’s SSR primers on basis of transcriptome data is feasible, additionally, the 15 SSRs primers developed here can lay a foundation for study on molecular genetics ofA.c.cerana.
RNA-seq;Apisceranacerana; larval gut; SSR
現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金(CARS-45-KXJ7);福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)科技發(fā)展資金(KF2015123);國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(30800806)
Received:2016-12-08;接收日期Accepted:2017-01-16
Q963;S891
A
1674-0858(2017)01-068-07
熊翠玲,張璐,付中民,等.基于RNA-seq數(shù)據(jù)大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)中華蜜蜂幼蟲(chóng)的SSR分子標(biāo)記[J].環(huán)境昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)報(bào),2017,39(1):68-74.
*共同第一作者簡(jiǎn)介:熊翠玲,女,1977年生,福建永定人,實(shí)驗(yàn)師,研究方向?yàn)槊鄯浔Wo(hù)學(xué),E-mail: pandacl@sina.com;張璐,女,1996年生,河南濮陽(yáng)人,本科生,研究方向?yàn)榉鋵W(xué),E-mail: m17805949180@163.com
**通訊作者Authors for correspondence, E-mail: fafu_ruiguo@126.com; dfchen826@163.com