王標(biāo)

動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是近年來(lái)中考考查的重點(diǎn)，不論在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空還是在句子運(yùn)用及句子翻譯的題目中，對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考查都占有很大的比重。命題人通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)題干或不同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境考查學(xué)生對(duì)上下文或句子的理解，以及準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的能力。根據(jù)題目選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)，中考動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：

一、“相同的動(dòng)詞+不同的介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)

1. take短語(yǔ)

take up“開(kāi)始從事、占據(jù)”；take down“記下，取下”；take off “起飛，脫下”；take away“拿走”；take out“拿出”；take after“與……相像”。

2. put短語(yǔ)

put up“懸掛，張貼”；put away“把……收起來(lái)”；put off“推遲”；put on“穿上，增加，上演”；put down“放下，記下”；put out“伸出，熄滅”。

3. turn短語(yǔ)

turn on“打開(kāi)”；turn off“關(guān)閉”；turn down“關(guān)小”；turn up“調(diào)大”。

4. look短語(yǔ)

look at“看”；look for“尋找”；look after“照顧”；look through“瀏覽”；look up“查找”；look out“當(dāng)心”。

總結(jié)：

★這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)中，以介詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，后面常接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，該名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞必須放在介詞的后面。如：

The girl is looking after her younger brother. 這個(gè)女孩正在照顧她的弟弟。

Mike is looking for his English book. 邁克正在尋找他的英語(yǔ)書(shū)。

【真題再現(xiàn)1】

（2016年河南卷） Almost every university now has a website which allows us to _____ the information about it.

A. look at B. look after

C. look around D. look through

【解析】D。句意為：現(xiàn)在幾乎每個(gè)大學(xué)都有網(wǎng)站，允許我們?cè)谏厦鎋____相關(guān)信息。look at“看”；look after“照看”；look around“巡視”；look through“瀏覽”。分析句意可推知，允許我們?cè)诰W(wǎng)站上瀏覽信息，故選D。

【真題再現(xiàn)2】

（2016年綿陽(yáng)卷） My mother is ill in hospital. I have to _____ my grandparents at home.

A. look for B. look at

C. look up D. look after

【解析】D。句意為：我母親生病住院。我不得不在家照顧我的爺爺奶奶。look for“尋找”；look at“看”；look up“查尋”；look after“照顧、照看”。根據(jù)句意可知選D。

★如果是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”形式，名詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞既可以放在短語(yǔ)的后面，也可以放在短語(yǔ)之間。但如果是代詞做賓語(yǔ)，則代詞一定要放在副詞之前。如：

Kevin looks upset. Lets cheer him up. 凱文看起來(lái)情緒很低落。咱們讓他振作起來(lái)吧。

I called you up yesterday afternoon， but there was no answer. 我昨天下午給你打電話(huà)了，但是你沒(méi)有接。

【真題再現(xiàn)3】

（2016年龍東卷） —Look！ Whats on the ground？

—Oh， its my sweater. Please _____ for me.

A. pick up it B. pick it up

C. pick it out

【解析】B。句意為：——看，地上是什么？——哦，是我的毛衣，請(qǐng)幫我撿起來(lái)。pick up是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”短語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，要放pick和up之間。故選B。

【真題再現(xiàn)4】

（2016年大慶卷） —Tony， look at the books！ What a mess！ _____！

—Okay！ Okay！

A. Put them away B. Put it on

C. Put away them D. Put them on

【解析】A。上句意為：托尼，看這些書(shū)！真亂！收起來(lái)！put away“收起來(lái)，放好”；put on“穿上”。代詞做“動(dòng)詞+副詞”的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，結(jié)合句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

二、“不同的動(dòng)詞+相同的介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)

1.“動(dòng)詞+ with”短語(yǔ)

agree with“贊同、同意”；come up with“想出、提出”；share with“與……分享”；keep up with“不落在……后面”；catch up with“趕上”；get on with“與……相處”。

【真題再現(xiàn)5】

（2016年廈門(mén)卷） —Ive made much progress in grammar. The ideas you _____ worked out fine.

—Glad I could help.

A. came up with B. ran out of

C. looked up to

【解析】A。句意為：——我已經(jīng)在語(yǔ)法方面取得了很大進(jìn)步。你提出的想法很有效果?！芨吲d我能幫上忙。came up with“想出，提出”；ran out of“用完”；look up to“抬頭看，仰視”。come up with后面接“主意”“方法”之類(lèi)的名詞做賓語(yǔ)。故選A。

【真題再現(xiàn)6】

（2016年呼和浩特卷） Dont worry！ Im sure youll _____ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.

A. catch up with

B. be pleased with

C. get on well with

D. agree with

【解析】C。catch up with“趕上；be pleased with“對(duì)……感到滿(mǎn)意/滿(mǎn)足”；get on well with“與……相處融洽”；agree with“同意”。 句意為：別擔(dān)心。我敢肯定只要你對(duì)同學(xué)善良、友好，你會(huì)和他們相處得很好。故選C。

2. “動(dòng)詞+ off”短語(yǔ)

go off “發(fā)出響聲”；cut off “切斷”；fall off “跌落”；set off “出發(fā)”；put off “推遲”。

【真題再現(xiàn)7】

（2016年丹東卷） —Lets go out for dinner.

—Great！ But Clean-Up Day is two weeks from now. We cant _____ making a plan.

A. take off B. set off

C. put off D. cut off

【解析】C。句意為：——我們?nèi)コ酝盹埌??！昧耍〉乔鍜呷站嘟裰挥袃芍芰?。我們不能推遲制定計(jì)劃。take off“脫下，起飛”；set off“送行”；put off“推遲，拖延”；cut off“切除”。根據(jù)句意只能用“推遲”，故選C。

3.“動(dòng)詞+ for”短語(yǔ)

call for“提倡，要求”；send for“派人去請(qǐng)”；wait for“等候”。

【真題再現(xiàn)8】

（2016年福州卷） —Why are you late for school today？

—Im sorry. I didnt catch the early bus and I had to _____ the next one.

A. wait for B. ask for

C. care for

【解析】A。句意為：——今天你為什么上學(xué)遲到？——抱歉。我沒(méi)有趕上早班車(chē)，所以我必須等下一班車(chē)。wait for“等候”；ask for“請(qǐng)求（給予）”；care for“照料”。根據(jù)前半句“我沒(méi)有趕上早班車(chē)”可知，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

4.“動(dòng)詞+ on”短語(yǔ)

try on“試穿、試驗(yàn)”；have on“穿著、戴著”；put on“穿上”；go on“繼續(xù)”；come on“趕快”；get on“上車(chē)”；hold on“掛斷”。

【真題再現(xiàn)9】

（2016年青海卷） _____ your sweater， or you may catch a cold.

A. Take off B. Dont wear

C. Put on

【解析】C。句意為：穿上你的毛衣，否則你可能會(huì)感冒。take off“脫下”；dont wear“不穿”；put on“穿上”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選C。

5.“動(dòng)詞+ over”短語(yǔ)

come over“過(guò)來(lái)”；hand over“移交”；look over“檢查”；think over“仔細(xì)考慮”；turn over“翻轉(zhuǎn)”；go over“復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查”。

【真題再現(xiàn)10】

（2015年宜賓卷） Youd better _____ the test paper before handing it in.

A. go ahead B. go on

C. go off D. go over

【解析】D。句意為：你在交卷之前最好仔細(xì)檢查一遍。go ahead“前進(jìn)、繼續(xù)、用吧”；go on“繼續(xù)”；go off“離開(kāi)”；go over“復(fù)習(xí)、仔細(xì)檢查”。根據(jù)句意可知，試卷上交前應(yīng)該是仔細(xì)檢查。故選D。

6.“動(dòng)詞+ up”短語(yǔ)

call up“給……打電話(huà)”；come up“走進(jìn)；上來(lái)”；cut up“切碎、剁碎”；go up“上升”；grow up“長(zhǎng)大”；make up“編造，組成”；set up“建立，創(chuàng)辦”；show up“揭露，露面”；give up“放棄”。

【真題再現(xiàn)11】

（2016年?yáng)|營(yíng)卷） On my way home， I saw a granny fall down. I offered help first and then _____ the police.

A. called up B. cared for

C. cheered up D. found out

【解析】A。句意為：在回家的路上，我看見(jiàn)一個(gè)老奶奶跌倒了。我首先幫助了她，然后報(bào)警。call up“給……打電話(huà)”；care for“關(guān)心”；cheer up“使……振奮”；find out“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。call up the police“報(bào)警”。故選A。

【真題再現(xiàn)12】

（2016年瀘州卷） You should _____ smoking. Its really bad for your health.

A. put up B. give up

C. get up D. set up

【解析】B。句意為：你應(yīng)該放棄吸煙。吸煙真的有害身體健康。put up“搭起，建起”； give up“放棄”；get up“起床”；set up“成立，建成”。give up doing sth. 表示“放棄做某事”，故選B。

7.“動(dòng)詞+out”短語(yǔ)

【真題再現(xiàn)13】

（2016年呼和浩特卷） —Jack， could you help me _____ when the plane will take off on the Internet？

—Im sorry， but my computer doesnt work.

A. get out B. look out

C. take out D. find out

【解析】D。get out“離開(kāi)、出去”；look out“當(dāng)心、注意”；take out“取出、去掉”；find out“查明、發(fā)現(xiàn)”。句意為：——杰克，你能在網(wǎng)上幫我查查飛機(jī)將在什么時(shí)候起飛嗎？——抱歉，我的電腦壞了。故選D。

三、“不同動(dòng)詞+不同介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)

think of“考慮”；make sure“確?！?；find out“找出”。

【真題再現(xiàn)14】

（2016年昆明卷） High technology is used in EURO 2016 to _____ the matches are fair enough in France.

A. make up B. make sure

C. come out D. come over

【解析】B。句意為：法國(guó)2016年歐洲杯足球比賽采用了高科技，來(lái)確保比賽的公平。make up“由……組成”；make sure“確?！?；come out“出來(lái)”；come over“過(guò)來(lái)，順便來(lái)訪”。根據(jù)句意可知，采用高科技的目的是確保比賽的公平。故選B。

四、“相同的動(dòng)詞+不同的名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)

make a living“謀生”；make a decision“決定”；make noise“制造噪音”。

專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1. —Mike felt sad because he failed the exam yesterday.

—Im sorry to hear that. Lets _____.

A. cheer him on B. cheer on him

C. cheer him up D. cheer up him

2. —What should I do？

—Use your head， and youll _____ a good idea.

A. look up B. get along with

C. set up D. come up with

3. —Excuse me！ Can you tell me how to make apple salad？

—Of course. You must _____ the apple first.

A. build up B. cut up

C. make up D. set up

4. Youd better _____ what your parents said before you make the plan.

A. work out B. think over

C. find out D. look for

5. —Many students dont know how to _____ these feelings.

—I think they should ask their teachers for help.

A. agree with B. deal with

C. share with D. get along with

6. —Is he still raising money for charity？

—Yes. He never _____ action of helping poor children.

A. gives up B. gives out

C. takes off D. takes out

7. —If you dont give up smoking， you will _____ like your father.

—You mean I will also die of cancer.

A. look up B. call out

C. end up D. run out

8. You can _____ your clothes， David！ Its too hot in the room.

A. take down B. take in

C. take off D. take up

9. —It took them about five hours to _____ the fire.

—Although the house was destroyed， nobody was hurt.

A. put out B. run out

C. use up D. take out

10. Dad advised us to practice _____ our tent in the yard several times before we went camping.

A. putting up B. getting up

C. taking up D. giving up

11. —Are you going to visit The Oriental Pearl TV Tower of Shanghai next week？

—Im not sure. It _____ whether my father will be free.

A. makes sure B. finds out

C. agrees on D. depends on

12. —Why did you come back so early？

—The English party has been _____ till next Friday.

A. put on B. put off

C. put away D. put out

13. —I think I should help my sister _____ some invitations to her birthday.

—She really needs your help.

A. work out B. hand out

C. run out D. find out

14. —A new book for children will _____ next week.

—Great！ I will buy one for my children.

A. stay out B. come out

C. come up D. make up

15. —Do you live with your grandparents？

—No. They live with my uncle to _____ his child.

A. look after B. look for

C. look up D. look at

16. —Do you _____ your son after school？

—No. He comes back home on the school bus.

A. pick up B. look after

C. drop in D. send for

17. —What are you packing so many books for， Grandma？

—Ill _____ to the kids in West China.

A. give them up B. give them away

C. give them off D. give them in

18. —The classroom is so bright now. You should _____ the lights.

—OK， I will.

A. turn on B. turn up

C. turn down D. turn off

19. —I dont know how to use the word.

—Youd better _____ in the dictionary.

A. pick it up B. look up it

C. give it up D. look it up

20. —Its raining hard. My mother hasnt come back.

—Dont _____ her. Maybe she is still in the office.

A. worry about B. talk about

C. tell about D. ask for

21. —Daisy， look at your bedroom. What a mess！

—Sorry， Ill _____ right now！

A. put up it B. clean up it

C. put it up D. clean it up

22. —Dont _____ late， Mary. You have a singing competition tomorrow morning.

—OK， dad. Ill go to bed right now.

A. dress up B. grow up

C. stay up D. mix up

23. —Jason， I cant get Sue on the phone.

—Im seeing her this afternoon. Do you want me to _____ any message？

A. pass on B. find out

C. look up D. work on

24. If you _____ speaking English every day， you will speak it very well.

A. give up B. look up

C. stick to D. prefer to

25. —Wow！ Sand is everywhere. The trees have gone.

—What a pity！ People have _____ all the trees here， leaving only sand.

A. cut down B. eaten up

C. come out D. dealt with

26. —Oh， Bruce！ We can buy mom a beautiful coat.

—But I have no money. I _____ my pocket money yesterday.

A. ran out B. gave up

C. ran out of D. took out

27. —I left the concert before it ended as Jay Chou didnt _____.

—Well， he came at the end of the concert.

A. make up B. come up

C. look up D. show up

28. —What are you doing on the Internet？

—Im _____ some information about Teachers Day.

A. looking for

B. writing down

C. depending on

D. thinking about

29. —You must _____ what your teacher is saying in class.

—I will. Also， Ill take notes carefully.

A. take pride in

B. pay attention to

C. look through

D. depend on

30. —We must act now because time is _____.

—Yes. Lets start.

A. coming out B. giving out

C. cutting out D. running out