譚亞峰 歐陽耀靈
未治和經(jīng)治慢性乙型肝炎患者的病毒基因型分析及其核苷酸類似物耐藥突變的模式特征
譚亞峰1歐陽耀靈2★
目的檢測分析未治和經(jīng)治慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒基因型及其核酸類似物耐藥突變位點(diǎn)的模式特征,為慢性乙型肝炎患者的抗病毒治療方案提供依據(jù)。方法隨機(jī)選取74例未治和66例經(jīng)治的慢性乙型肝炎患者,PCR反向斑點(diǎn)雜交法檢測其血清乙型肝炎病毒的基因型及核苷酸類似物耐藥基因突變位點(diǎn)。結(jié)果未治患者與經(jīng)治患者的血清乙型肝炎病毒基因型均以B型為主,兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),未治患者HBV C型的比例低于經(jīng)治患者(P<0.05),B+C和B+D型的比例則高于經(jīng)治患者(P<0.05)。未治患者同樣存在耐藥基因突變:盡管其B型和C型HBV的耐藥突變比例均低于經(jīng)治患者(P<0.05),但其B+D型HBV的耐藥突變比例高于經(jīng)治患者(P<0.05),且以236T單基因突變?yōu)橹?;?jīng)治組患者HBV耐藥突變單位點(diǎn)180M、204V和204I例數(shù)均高于未治組,而且經(jīng)治組患者比未治組患者有更多的多位點(diǎn)耐藥突變(P<0.05)。結(jié)論HBV B基因型是本研究主要的基因型。未治患者亦存在耐藥基因耐藥突變,以B+D型HBV的耐藥基因突變和236T單基因突變?yōu)樘卣?;與未治患者相比,經(jīng)治患者有更多的單基因位點(diǎn)和多基因位點(diǎn)的突變。未治和經(jīng)治慢性乙型肝炎患者,均應(yīng)在治療過程中定期監(jiān)測NAs耐藥突變發(fā)生,以便及時(shí)選擇最佳治療方案。
HBV未治患者;HBV經(jīng)治患者;HBV基因型;NAs耐藥突變
HBV基因型與臨床表現(xiàn)、治療效果、預(yù)后和藥物抵抗均有一定關(guān)系,并存在地域分布特點(diǎn)[1?2]。隨著HBV抗病毒藥物特別是核苷(酸)類似物(nucleotide analogues,NAs)在臨床中的應(yīng)用普及,HBV發(fā)生NAs相關(guān)耐藥基因位點(diǎn)突變而導(dǎo)致耐藥更為常見[3]。使用核苷(酸)類似物拉米夫定(lamivudine,LAM)、阿德福韋酯(adefovir,ADV)、替比夫定(telbivudine,LdT)、恩替卡韋(entecavir,ETV)治療的患者通過短期治療難以實(shí)現(xiàn)持久應(yīng)答,隨著治療時(shí)間延長,NAs耐藥發(fā)生率逐漸增加是乙肝治療中面臨的嚴(yán)峻問題[4]。Januszkiewicz?L D等[5]發(fā)現(xiàn)從未治療過的HBV患者也會(huì)出現(xiàn)耐藥相關(guān)突變位點(diǎn),但報(bào)道不多。研究HBV未治患者基因型和NAs耐藥基因位點(diǎn)突變情況,為HBV治療策略的制定提供依據(jù),本文對HBV未治患者與經(jīng)治患者血清樣本進(jìn)行了HBV基因型和耐藥基因位點(diǎn)檢測,并對檢測結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析比較,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 標(biāo)本收集
隨機(jī)收集2014年8月至2016年4月湖北省荊州市中心醫(yī)院門診和住院慢性乙型肝炎感染患者(HBV DNA>1.00E3 IU/mL),其中未治療患者74例,男49例,女25例,年齡(36.432±12.941)歲和經(jīng)NAs治療的患者66例,男53例,女13例,年齡(38.667±14.812)歲。兩組患者年齡與性別的差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。門診患者通過口述和電話隨訪,住院患者通過查閱病歷和病床前隨訪,從未經(jīng)NAs治療的患者納入未治組,接受過NAs治療的患者納入經(jīng)治組。抽取患者空腹靜脈血3 mL,4 h內(nèi)分離血清,4℃保存,12 h內(nèi)進(jìn)行HBV DNA擴(kuò)增,產(chǎn)物于-20℃保存,在合適的時(shí)間解凍做核酸雜交試驗(yàn)檢測HBV基因型和耐藥突變位點(diǎn)。
1.2 儀器與試劑
美國Backman儀器有限公司生產(chǎn)的AllcegraTM21R高速冷凍離心機(jī);英國Techne公司生產(chǎn)的GENIUS擴(kuò)增儀;亞能生物技術(shù)(深圳)有限公司生產(chǎn)的YN?H16恒溫雜交雜儀;海門市其林貝爾儀器制造有限公司生產(chǎn)的TS?8搖床,PCR反向斑點(diǎn)雜交法檢測HBV基因分型和耐藥突變基因試劑由亞能生物技術(shù)(深圳)有限公司提供。
1.3 方法
HBV DNA的提取、PCR擴(kuò)增及核酸雜交檢測均按照試劑盒說明書操作。在雜交結(jié)果質(zhì)控正常的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)顯色出現(xiàn)的陣列位點(diǎn)直接判讀HBV的基因型和耐藥突變類型。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,兩組數(shù)據(jù)間的HBV基因型和耐藥位點(diǎn)比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
74例HBV未治患者和66例HBV經(jīng)治患者中成功檢測到HBV基因型及部分患者NAs相關(guān)耐藥基因位點(diǎn)。
2.1 HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV基因型檢測結(jié)果
HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV基因型檢測結(jié)果見表1,兩組間除HBV B型無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異外,未治患者HBV C型比例低于經(jīng)治患者,而B+C和B+D型則高于經(jīng)治患者。
2.2 HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV不同型別耐藥突變基因檢測
表1 HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV基因型檢測結(jié)果[n(%)]Table 1 The comparison of HBV genotypes among the untreated and treated patients[n(%)]
表2 未治和經(jīng)治患者不同HBV基因型耐藥突變基因比較[n(%)]Table 2 The comparison of main resistant mutants sites in diverse HBV genotypes among the untreated and treated patients[n(%)]
HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV不同型別耐藥突變基因檢測比較見表2。兩組間耐藥突變除HBV B+C型差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外,未治患者HBV B型和C型比例均低于經(jīng)治患者,而B+D型則高于經(jīng)治患者。
2.3 HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV耐藥基因位點(diǎn)檢測結(jié)果
74例HBV未治患者和66例經(jīng)治患者HBV耐藥突變檢測結(jié)果見表3,經(jīng)治患者HBV耐藥突變位點(diǎn)180M、204V和204I比率均高于未治患者,但經(jīng)治患者HBV耐藥突變位點(diǎn)236T比率低于未治患者,兩組患者間其它位點(diǎn)突變差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。HBV耐藥基因單基因突變見表4,多基因突變見表5。經(jīng)治患者組與未治患者組單位點(diǎn)耐藥突變差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.031 2,P>0.05);經(jīng)治患者組16例(24.242%)與未治患者組4例(5.405%)多位點(diǎn)耐藥差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=10.109,P<0.05)。
表3 HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV耐藥基因位點(diǎn)檢測結(jié)果[n(%)]Table 3 The comparison of resistant mutant among the untreated and treated patients[n(%)]
表4 HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV耐藥單基因突變Table 4 The single mutant among the untreated and treated patients
乙型肝炎病毒的基因型分布不僅有明顯的地區(qū)差異,而且與治療的預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。BaqlaniSA等[6]對HBV感染患者179例血清樣本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HBV基因型 D(130/170,76.47%)和A(32/170,18.82%)是阿曼主要的基因型。我國主要為B、C型,少見D型,中國南方和北方也有差異[7]。我們早期對經(jīng)治者研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)B型和C型是湖北荊州地區(qū)慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV的優(yōu)勢基因型[8]。本次研究的HBV基因型分布流行病學(xué)特征與國外研究結(jié)果有差異[6],而與國內(nèi)的研究結(jié)果基本一致[7]。同時(shí)我們在未治患者組發(fā)現(xiàn)7例B+D型,而經(jīng)治組中則未發(fā)現(xiàn)B+D型。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),B+C型中以C型為主;B+D型中以B型為主,提示NAs經(jīng)治患者和未治患者HBV基因型分布有差異。羅杰等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在HBV治療過程中病毒基因型有可能發(fā)生改變,這種基因型改變是否與病毒的耐藥突變相關(guān)聯(lián)?詳細(xì)機(jī)理何在?值得進(jìn)一步研究。
表5 HBV未治患者和經(jīng)治患者HBV耐藥多基因位點(diǎn)突變Table 5 The diverse mutants among the untreated and treated patients
本次研究中,無論是未治抑或經(jīng)治慢性乙型肝炎患者,其病毒均存在耐藥突變,而且HBV的基因型與病毒的耐藥突變均呈現(xiàn)一定的關(guān)系。盡管B+C型HBV的耐藥突變在未治和經(jīng)治兩組間的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但經(jīng)治組HBV B和C型耐藥突變高于未治組,尤其在多位點(diǎn)耐藥突變方面,經(jīng)治患者多于未治患者,提示HBV B和C型的經(jīng)治患者在治療過程中更易誘發(fā)耐藥。未治患者B+D型HBV較易出現(xiàn)耐藥突變,且以236T單位點(diǎn)突變?yōu)橹?,這是區(qū)別于經(jīng)治患者病毒耐藥突變的特征之一。
文獻(xiàn)研究[5]認(rèn)為HBV自然突變導(dǎo)致抗病毒抵抗還不十分清楚,他們對HBV患者P區(qū)基因研究發(fā)現(xiàn)2.66%(7/263)從未接受NAs治療過的HBV患者血清中檢出耐藥基因,認(rèn)為檢出耐藥突變的未治患者有可能被HBV耐藥株感染。Ciftci S等[10]在從未接受NAs治療過的慢性HBV患者血清中檢出37.5%(6/16)的患者存在耐藥位點(diǎn)突變。Hamidi等[11]從伊朗一年以上未接受NAs治療的HBV患者血清中檢出51.1%(23/45)患者存在耐藥突變,而大部分與ADV相關(guān)。rt204V、rt204I是HBV患者LAM和LdT耐藥的獨(dú)立判斷因子[12],rt236T是HBV患者ADV耐藥的獨(dú)立判斷因子[13?14]。我們的檢測結(jié)果顯示未治患者HBV檢測出耐藥突變且以ADV相關(guān)位點(diǎn)rt236T突變?yōu)橹鳎c文獻(xiàn)[11]研究結(jié)果相符。HBV經(jīng)治患者中檢測出主要為LAM相關(guān)位點(diǎn)rt204I突變?yōu)橹鳎赡芘cLAM最早普遍應(yīng)用于臨床有關(guān)。我們對單位點(diǎn)耐藥及多位點(diǎn)耐藥統(tǒng)計(jì)分析顯示經(jīng)治患者組與未治患者組單位點(diǎn)耐藥無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;經(jīng)治患者組與未治患者組多位點(diǎn)耐藥有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。提示NAs治療后患者多位點(diǎn)耐藥發(fā)生率高于未治患者,與文獻(xiàn)[10]的報(bào)道相符。根據(jù)2009年發(fā)布的《乙型肝炎病毒耐藥專家共識(shí)》[12],常見拉米夫定(LAM)耐藥模式為:rt180M+rt204I、rt180M+rt204V、rt204I rt204V、rt207I、rt181V;阿德福韋酯(ADV)耐藥模式為:rt181V、rt236T,結(jié)合本研究的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,推測未治患者可能對單ADV及LAM+ADV產(chǎn)生耐藥;經(jīng)治患者可能對單LAM、單ADV及LMA+ ADV產(chǎn)生耐藥,但仍需做進(jìn)一步的研究。經(jīng)治患者多位點(diǎn)耐藥發(fā)生率高于未治患者。由于未治患者也有耐藥突變存在,因此NAs治療前檢測HBV未治患者的基因型和耐藥突變對患者成功治療非常重要。在患者治療過程中應(yīng)定期監(jiān)測NAs耐藥突變,有利于調(diào)整最佳治療方案。
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Detection of hepatitis B virus genotyping in untreated or treated patients of chronic hepatitis B and its mutation patterns of the nucleotide analogues?resistant mutants
TAN Yafeng1,OUYANG Yaoling2★
(1.The second clinical medical college,Yangtze university,Jingzhou,Hubei,China,434020;2.Department of Laboratory of Jingzhou Central Hospital,Jingzhou,Hubei,China,434020)
ObjectiveTo investigate and identify prevalent genotypes of hepatitis B virus(HBV) among untreated or treated patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and the mutation pattern of the nucleotide analogues?resistant mutants.MethodsA total of 74 cases with CHB who did not receive the treatment of lamivudine and any other antivirus drugs and 66 cases with CHB who receive the treatment of lamivudine and any other antivirus drugs were randomly chosen.After sample collection and HBV DNA extraction,PCR reverse spot hybridization was used to detect HBV genotypes and the nucleotide analogues(NAs)?resistant mutants.ResultsThe main Genotypes of HBV is the B type in both untreated and treated patients.The rate of HBV C in the untreated patients was less than that of the treated patients(P<0.05),while B+C and B+D were higher in the untreated patients compared with the treated patients(P<0.05).The NAs?resistant mutants were found in both untreated and treated patients of CHB.Despite of the less rate of the NAs?resistant mutants in the virus genotypes B+C and higher rate of that in the virus genotypes B+D among untreated patientscompared with treated patients(P<0.05),the single locus of NAs?resistant mutants were revealed 236T as the main mutation pattern in the untreated patients(P<0.05).While the 180M,204V and 204I as the main single locus mutation pattern in the treated patients(P<0.05)and,more multiple gene loci mutation were detected among the treated patients compared with untreated patients.ConclusionHBV B is the main genotypes in this research.NAs?resistant mutants existed in the untreated patients.The mutant sites in the treated patients were more both in single gene locus and multiple gene loci than that in the untreated patients.Investigation of NAs?resistant mutants before treatment is crucial for the success of the treatment.In whole course of antiviral treatment,NAs?resistant mutants should be monitored for the optimal schedule.
Untreated patients infected HBV;Treated patients infected HBV;HBV genotype;NAs?resistant mutants
1.長江大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院,湖北,荊州434020 2.荊州市中心醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)部,湖北,荊州434020
★通訊作者:歐陽耀靈,E?mail:ouyangyaoling67@126.com.