李嬌嬌,趙晨昭,鄧?yán)A, 褚琳,陳陵霞,王晶桐
(北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院,北京100044)
老年輕度認(rèn)知功能障礙患者血清25-羥維生素D水平變化及其臨床意義
李嬌嬌,趙晨昭,鄧?yán)A, 褚琳,陳陵霞,王晶桐
(北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院,北京100044)
目的觀察老年輕度認(rèn)知功能障礙(MCI)患者與認(rèn)知功能正常(NC)老年人相比其血清25-羥維生素D[25(OH)D]水平的變化,并探討其臨床意義。方法符合入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的老年人共148例,采用協(xié)和版蒙特利爾認(rèn)知評估量表(MoCA-P)評估其認(rèn)知功能。根據(jù)2003年國家神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病和中風(fēng)研究所即NINDS及國際神經(jīng)科學(xué)協(xié)會即AIREN修訂的MCI診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將入組的148例老年人分為NC組和MCI組,檢測比較兩組血清25(OH)D水平,分析血清25(OH)D水平與老年人MCI的相關(guān)性,用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC)評價血清25(OH)D水平對老年人MCI的預(yù)測價值。結(jié)果MCI組(72例)、NC組(76例)血清25(OH)D水平分別為(33.43±15.04)nmol/L和(41.55±17.53)nmol/L,兩組相比,Plt;0.01;25(OH)D缺乏者MCI組64例(88.9%)、NC組51例(67.1%),兩組相比,Plt;0.01。血清25(OH)D水平與MoCA評分呈正相關(guān)(r=0.219,Plt;0.01),25(OH)D缺乏者較25(OH)D非缺乏者發(fā)生MCI風(fēng)險高(OR=3.816,Plt;0.01)。血清25(OH)D水平降低對預(yù)測老年人MCI有一定價值[ROC的曲線下面積為0.637(95%CI為0.548~0.727),Plt;0.01];血清25(OH)D水平聯(lián)合受教育年限、年齡對老年人MCI預(yù)測價值更高[ROC的曲線下面積為0.723(95%CI為0.642~0.804),Plt;0.01]。結(jié)論老年MCI患者血清25(OH)D水平降低,血清25(OH)D水平降低與老年人MCI的發(fā)生相關(guān),25(OH)D缺乏老年人發(fā)生MCI風(fēng)險高,檢測血清25(OH)D可能有助于對老年人MCI的預(yù)測。
維生素D;25-羥維生素D;認(rèn)知功能障礙;老年病
維生素D是一種脂溶性維生素,在體內(nèi)以25-羥維生素D[25(OH)D]為主要循環(huán)形式。輕度認(rèn)知功能障礙(MCI)是記憶力或者其他認(rèn)知功能進行性減退,不影響日常生活能力,但未達到癡呆的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1]。適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┛深A(yù)防及延緩癡呆進展,癡呆預(yù)防三部曲中重要的一步是預(yù)防MCI向癡呆轉(zhuǎn)化[2]。因此,早期識別MCI顯得尤為重要。研究[3~5]發(fā)現(xiàn),25(OH)D缺乏與認(rèn)知功能下降相關(guān)。本研究對比觀察了老年MCI患者與認(rèn)知功能正常(NC)老年人的血清25(OH)D水平,并探血清25(OH)D水平變化與MCI發(fā)生的相關(guān)性及對老年人MCI的預(yù)測價值?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報告如下。
1.1 臨床資料 2013~2017年每年的冬季(1月、2月及12月)在北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院老年科住院的年齡≥65歲、長期居住北京、配合完成認(rèn)知測試并簽署知情同意書者共148例,男92例,女56例;年齡(77.98±7.90)歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①有明確腦血管病、腫瘤病史者。②帕金森病、精神病、甲狀腺功能減退等可能影響認(rèn)知功能的疾病患者。③診斷為癡呆者。④3個月內(nèi)服用過維生素D或者類似物者。
1.2 受檢者分組 根據(jù)2003年國家神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病與中風(fēng)研究所即NINDS和國際神經(jīng)科學(xué)協(xié)會即AIREN修訂的MCI診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將入組的148例老年人分為NC組和MCI組[6]。其中對于診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的認(rèn)知功能域損害評估使用協(xié)和版蒙特利爾認(rèn)知評估量表(MoCA),MoCA評分lt;26分判為認(rèn)知功能域損害、≥26分判為認(rèn)知功能域正常[7~10]。
1.3 血清25(OH)D檢測 入組者入院后采用酶聯(lián)免疫法檢測血清25(OH)D。血清25(OH)D≤50 nmol/L判為25(OH)D缺乏、gt;50 nmol/L判為25(OH)D非缺乏[11]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計軟件。計量資料比較用t檢驗,計數(shù)資料比較用χ2檢驗,Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;用Spearman相關(guān)分析法和Logistic回歸分析法分析血清25(OH)D水平與老年人認(rèn)知功能的相關(guān)性,用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC)的曲線下面積評價血清25(OH)D水平對老年人MCI的預(yù)測價值。
入組的148例老年人分為NC組76例和MCI組72例,其年齡分別為(76.11±7.92)歲和(79.96±7.44)歲,受教育年限分別為(14.50±3.44)a和(13.06±3.57)a,兩組年齡、受教育年限相比,P均gt;0.05。
NC組、MCI組MoCA評分分別為(27.04±1.54)分和(20.99±3.49)分,兩組相比,Plt;0.01。NC組、MCI組血清25(OH)D水平分別為(41.55±17.53)nmol/L和(33.43±15.04)nmol/L,兩組相比,Plt;0.01。25(OH)D缺乏者MCI組64例(88.9%)、NC組51例(67.1%),兩組相比,Plt;0.01。
血清25(OH)D水平與MoCA評分呈正相關(guān)(r=0.219,Plt;0.01)。25(OH)D缺乏者較25(OH)D非缺乏者發(fā)生MCI風(fēng)險高(OR=3.816,Plt;0.01)。
血清25(OH)D水平降低對預(yù)測老年人MCI有一定價值[ROC的曲線下面積為0.637(95%CI為0.548~0.727),Plt;0.01];血清25(OH)D水平降低聯(lián)合受教育年限、年齡對老年人MCI預(yù)測價值更高[ROC的曲線下面積為0.723(95%CI為0.642~0.804),Plt;0.01]。
維生素D經(jīng)典的生物學(xué)作用是維持機體鈣磷代謝平衡,近年來還發(fā)現(xiàn)維生素D參與多種細(xì)胞的增殖、分化和免疫功能的調(diào)控過程,維生素D缺乏可能與多種慢性病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險升高相關(guān)[12]。由于25(OH)D在血中含量相對較高、半衰期長、含量穩(wěn)定,因此可以通過測定血液中25(OH)D的含量來了解體內(nèi)維生素D的水平。
研究[13]表明,維生素D缺乏與MCI的發(fā)生有關(guān)。Slinin等[14]對6 257例老年女性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),血清25(OH)Dlt;25 nmol/L組較25(OH)D≥75 nmol/L組的MCI發(fā)生風(fēng)險高[OR值為1.6(95%CI為1.05~2.42)],隨訪4 a,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩組認(rèn)知差距更加明顯。Etgen等[15]分析發(fā)現(xiàn),25(OH)D缺乏患者MCI的發(fā)生率更高[OR為 2.39(95%CI為1.91~3.00),Plt;0.01]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MCI組與NC組血清25(OH)D水平、25(OH)D缺乏者的比例差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,25(OH)D水平與MoCA評分呈正相關(guān);在調(diào)整了受教育年限、年齡后,25(OH)D缺乏者較非缺乏者MCI發(fā)生率更高[OR為3.816(95%CI為1.505~9.674),Plt;0.01],與上述研究結(jié)論一致。維生素D保護認(rèn)知功能的具體機制尚不完全清楚。其可能機制為維生素D在β-淀粉樣蛋白(Aβ)清除、氧化應(yīng)激、調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子、炎癥反應(yīng)以及調(diào)節(jié)鈣平衡方面發(fā)揮作用[16, 17]。在Aβ沉積的小鼠模型中,補充充足維生素D可降低大腦淀粉樣蛋白沉積和炎癥反應(yīng)[18, 19]。
目前對于MCI的診斷主要來自患者或照料者病史提供、臨床醫(yī)生的主觀判斷及MoCA、簡易智力狀態(tài)檢查量表即MMSE等認(rèn)知功能量表測評,缺乏客觀指標(biāo)。2011年美國國立老化研究所即NIA和阿爾茲海默病協(xié)會即ADA制定的MCI診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,增加了生物標(biāo)記物的內(nèi)容,包括Aβ沉積的生物標(biāo)記物等,但這些多用于研究,實際用于臨床診斷尚具有難度[20]。本研究結(jié)果提示25(OH)D缺乏對MCI有預(yù)測價值,25(OH)D聯(lián)合受教育年限及年齡對MCI的預(yù)測價值更高,理論上可以作為MCI的客觀診斷依據(jù)。
Sommer等[21]分析提出,光照時間為維生素D與認(rèn)知障礙研究中需要控制的混雜因素之一。本研究的優(yōu)勢在于嚴(yán)格控制了地理位置、季節(jié)及口服維生素D等相關(guān)因素,缺點在于未能進一步納入遺傳因素,如APOEε4陽性等對于MCI的影響[22]。此外,本研究納入者大部分為高級知識分子,受教育年限較長,如能同時進行多中心研究,結(jié)果可能更具代表性。
綜上所述,老年MCI患者血清25(OH)D水平降低,血清25(OH)D水平降低與老年人MCI的發(fā)生相關(guān),25(OH)D缺乏老年人發(fā)生MCI風(fēng)險高,檢測血清25(OH)D可能有助于對老年人MCI的預(yù)測。臨床上應(yīng)該重視老年人維生素D缺乏問題。
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Changeandclinicalvalueofserum25-hydroxyvitaminDlevelinelderlypatientswithmildcognitiveimpairment
LIJiaojiao,ZHAOChenzhao,DENGLihua,CHULin,CHENLingxia,WANGJingtong
(PekingUniversityPeople'sHospital,Beijing100044,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the change and clinical value of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level in the elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as compared with those with normal cognition (NC).MethodsTotally 148 elderly patients were selected. Cognitive function was assessed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital vision of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). According to the criteria of MCI revised in 2003 by the international work group [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (AIREN)], the 148 elderly patients were divided into two groups: NC group and MCI group. The serum 25(OH)D levels were detected and compared between the two groups. The relationship between the MCI and serum 25(OH)D level was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predicting value of 25(OH)D in the elderly MCI patients.ResultsThe serum 25(OH)D levels of the MCI group (n=72) and NC group (n=76) were (33.43±15.04) nmol/L and (41.55±17.53) nmol/L, respectively (Plt;0.01). The 25(OH)D deficiency in the MCI group (n=64, 88.9%) was different from the NC group (n=51, 67.1%) (Plt;0.01). The serum 25(OH)D level and the MoCA score were positively correlated (r=0.219,Plt;0.01). The patients with 25(OH)D deficiency had an increased risk of MCI (OR=3.816,Plt;0.01). Serum 25(OH)D had a value in predicting MCI in the elderly patients [AUC 0.637, (95%CI0.548-0.727),Plt;0.01].Serum 25(OH)D combined with education years and age had a more higher value in predicting MCI in the elderly patients [AUC 0.723, (95%CI0.642-0.804),Plt;0.01].ConclusionsThe serum 25(OH)D level of the elderly MCI patients is decreased. Serum 25(OH)D is related to MCI in the elderly patients. Serum 25(OH)D deficiency has an increased risk of MCI. Serum 25(OH)D may contribute to predicting MCI in the elderly patients.
vitamin D; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; cognitive dysfunction; senile diseases
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2017.43.002
R749.92
A
1002-266X(2017)43-0005-03
北京市科技計劃項目(Z161100000116095)。
李嬌嬌(1992-),女,在讀碩士研究生,主要研究方向為老年疾病的診治。E-mail: 18811332839@163.com
褚琳(1978-),女,博士,副主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向為老年疾病的診治。E-mail: doctortruly@163.com
2017-08-17)