譯/王越凡 陳星云

名 字 的 由 來

The Name of Sherlock Holmes

譯/王越凡 陳星云

S herlock Holmes—the name means logical thinking, just like the name of Albert Einstein. Holmes is a world famous character, and when someone says something stupid or states a thing that is obvious, we funnily call him/her Sherlock. But where does the name of the great detective originate from?

[2] It is not an easy question. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle renamed his hero many times, and in addition to that we have to take into consideration that Sherlock was created long ago, and many rumours were around him and his name. In the following we list the major anecdotes which blend into an interesting story.

就像“阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦”一樣，“歇洛克·福爾摩斯”這個名字是邏輯思維的象征。福爾摩斯其人舉世聞名，倘若誰說了什么愚蠢的話，或指出某個顯而易見的事實時，我們也會戲稱他或她為“歇洛克”。可是，這位偉大偵探的名字究竟源于何處呢？

[2]想要回答這個問題并不容易。阿瑟·柯南·道爾爵士曾為他的小說主人公多次改名，此外，我們還得考慮到，很久之前歇洛克就被創(chuàng)造出來了，圍繞他和他名字的傳聞層出不窮。以下我們羅列了幾則主要的軼聞，合起來看也是一個有趣的故事。

歇洛克·福爾摩斯和希望（hope）

歇林福德·霍普（Hope）

[3]一開始，道爾想給筆下的偵探取名歇林福德·霍普?；羝眨ā跋Ｍ碧枺┦菑奶K格蘭彼得黑德駛向格林蘭島的一艘捕鯨船的名字。有人猜想，1880年，道爾厭倦了學習，偷偷溜到了這艘船上。但事實是，當時的醫(yī)學院學生經(jīng)常會去船上實習數(shù)月，因為在那里他們既能為未來的職業(yè)操練一番，又能幫助那些工作辛苦又危險的捕鯨人。當時道爾的某位同學被派往“希望”號，但因故無法參加，便讓出了自己的名額，道爾迅速抓住了這個機會。他將那段航海生活寫成了一本日記，后來以“柯南·道爾北極冒險日記”為名出版。

Sherlock Holmes and hope

Sherrinford Hope

[3] Originally Doyle wanted to call his detective Sherrinford Hope. Hope was the name of a whaling ship sailing from Scotland’s Peterhead to Greenland. There are suppositions1supposition 推測。that in 1880Doyle was bored of studying and he fl ed to the ship. The truth is that in those days medical students often served on ships for months, because they could practice their future profession and help whalers whose job was hard and dangerous. Conan’s classmate was assigned for Hope, but he could not take part on the journey. He offered his place and Doyle snatched at2snatch at 抓取。the opportunity. He wrote a diary about his days on board, which was later published with the title Dangerous Work: Diary of an Arctic Adventure.

[4] In the end the detective was renamed, because Louisa, the fi rst wife of Doyle thought the name Sherrinford Hope was awful, so she persuaded her husband to change it. Doyle chose the name Sherrinford Holmes. But Hope is not far from the British sleuth3第一部福爾摩斯探案小說《暗紅習作》當中的主角之一名為霍普（Hope）。, as his greatest merit is that though he is a fictional character, he is still able to raise hope.

[4]最終，大偵探還是被改換了姓名，因為道爾的第一任妻子路易莎認為歇林福德·霍普這個名字實在難聽，就說服丈夫換掉了它。道爾選擇的新名字是“歇林福德·福爾摩斯”。但霍普（Hope）之名并未遠離這位英國偵探，因為他最大的功績就在于，雖然身為虛構人物，卻依然能給人們帶來希望（hope）。

奧利弗·溫德爾·福爾摩斯

一個著名的福爾摩斯

[5]雖然福爾摩斯的原型是蘇格蘭外科醫(yī)生約瑟夫·貝爾，但他的姓氏是致敬另一位與貝爾相似的醫(yī)生。這位名叫奧利弗·溫德爾·福爾摩斯的美國醫(yī)生認為，細致的觀察能力和出色的推演技巧在醫(yī)學實踐中至關重要。他是一位演說家，也是一位真正的改革者。他的思維非常理性。在他看來，順勢療法就是一種偽科學——他公開發(fā)表了自己的看法，對那些錯誤觀念加以分析。

Oliver Wendell Holmes

A famous Holmes

[5] While the model of Holmes was Scottish surgeon Joseph Bell, his family name is a kind of salute4salute 向……致敬。to another doctor similar to him. The American Oliver Wendell Holmes thought that meticulous5meticulous 一絲不茍。observation and good deducting skills6deducting skill 推理技巧。are essential in medicalpractice. He was a lecturer and a true reformer. His thinking was rational. He looked upon homeopathy7homeopathy 順勢療法。as false science—he published his arguments and analysed the misbeliefs.

[6] He was not as tall as Bell, but he too wrote poems. He was an outstanding literary personality, who was an acclaimed novelist and poet.

[7] In Doyle’s novels the detective is a solitary genius, while the doctors who inspired him were married and had children. Oliver sometimes had a moustache like Doyle, and sometimes he was clean-shaven like Dr. Bell.

[6]他雖身高不如貝爾，但與貝爾一樣都會寫詩。他有著出色的文學修養(yǎng)，其小說家和詩人的身份廣受贊譽。

名定“歇洛克·福爾摩斯”

是歇林福德還是歇靈福德？

[8]所以，我們的主人公到底是叫歇林福德·福爾摩斯，還是歇靈福德·福爾摩斯呢？有時他的名字里會有一個后鼻音。這兩種版本道爾都喜歡，所以大偵探的粉絲也都接受了?，F(xiàn)在我們還能讀到以歇林（靈）福德·福爾摩斯為主人公的冒險故事，可當時的出版商卻拒絕出版。面對冷遇，道爾選擇了一個在英國人聽來更順耳的新名字：歇洛克。這個名字終于大獲成功。

The name Sherlock Holmes is born

Sherrinford or Sherringford Holmes?[8] So our hero got the name Sherrinford Holmes. Or Sherringford Holmes? Sometimes there is a “g” in his first name. Doyle liked both versions,so the fans of the great detective use them too. Nowadays we could read the adventures of Sherrin(g)ford Holmes, but publishers rejected the stories. Seeing this, Doyle chose a new name that sounded better for British ears: Sherlock. This name met with success.

[9] Doyle also renamed the faithful chronicler8chronicler 記錄者。of Holmes—his name changed from Ormand Sacker to John Watson. Dr. Patrick Watson was the colleague and close friend of Joseph Bell. He was a real gentleman. Though Doyle modelled Watson after himself, he also used Patrick Watson as inspiration.

[9]福爾摩斯事跡的忠實記錄者也被道爾改了名字——從奧蒙德·賽克變成了約翰·華生。帕特里克·華生醫(yī)生是約瑟夫·貝爾的同事和密友，也是一位真正的紳士。雖然道爾在塑造華生時主要以自己為原型，但他也從帕特里克·華生身上汲取了靈感。

阿拉善右旗西南部地區(qū)有龍首山，最高峰海拔3 052 m。暖濕氣流受山脈阻擋形成堆積、不斷增多，水汽密度不斷增高擠壓周邊空氣形成抬升現(xiàn)象，形成了很好的動力條件。這也是此次降水過程中，西南部地區(qū)量級偏大的一個重要因素。

[10] According to the Sherlock Holmes Society of London the name‘Sherlock’ originates from the famous violinist, Alfred Sherlock.

[11] Conan was a fan of cricket. He maybe chose the name Sherlock because of two revered9revered 受人尊敬的。British cricket players, Mordecai Sherwin and Frank Shacklock.

[10]根據(jù)倫敦歇洛克·福爾摩斯協(xié)會的說法，“歇洛克”這個名字出自著名的小提琴家阿爾弗雷德·歇洛克。

[11]柯南是個板球迷。他之所以選擇“歇洛克”這個名字，或許是由于兩位受人尊敬的英國板球運動員——莫迪凱·歇溫和弗蘭克·沙克洛克。

歇溫+沙克洛克=歇洛克

[12]歇洛克這個名字源自古英語。它有以下幾個意思：頭發(fā)光亮的、短發(fā)的、修剪過的。值得一提的是，杰里米·布雷特接受飾演大偵探這一角色后，正是他提議必須讓歇洛克頭發(fā)光亮以凸顯其機敏睿智。

SHERwin + ShackLOCK = SHERLOCK

[12] The name Sherlock has Old English origins. It has the following meanings: bright-haired, short-haired, sheared. It is worth to mention that when Jeremy Brett10（1933—1995），英國著名演員，40年演藝生涯曾出演眾多經(jīng)典作品，最廣為人知的角色是大偵探歇洛克·福爾摩斯，被公認為那個時代最權威的福爾摩斯扮演者。accepted the roleof the great detective, it was his idea that Sherlock must be bright-hairedto show his brilliant mind.

[13] The name also means shorthaired—in the novels and on the original illustrations by Sydney Paget Sherlock has short, black hair. But his hair colour often changed both on illustrations and on screen. Anthony Higgins played him with long hairin the movieSherlock Holmes Returns.

[13]這個名字也有短發(fā)的意思——不論在小說中，還是在最早由西德尼·佩吉特繪制的插畫中，歇洛克都是一頭黑色短發(fā)。不過在后來的各種插畫和影視片里，他的發(fā)色經(jīng)常改變。安東尼·希金斯在電影《福爾摩斯復活》中，就以長發(fā)形象飾演了歇洛克。

[14] The brilliant detective became a real icon with the name Sherlock Holmes. Later some parodies11parody 滑稽模仿作品。played with it too—he was called Herlock Sholmes or Sherlock Hemlock.

[15] In some adaptations appears the name William Sherlock Holmes Scott as the true name of the detective. But you find no traces of it in the original Canon—Sir Arthur Conan Doyle always calls his hero Sherlock Holmes.

[14]這位杰出的偵探以“歇洛克·福爾摩斯”之名成為真正的偶像。后來，一些戲仿之作也玩起了這個名字——歇洛克·福爾摩斯被叫成了福洛克·歇爾摩斯或歇洛克·福摩洛克。

[15]有一些改編作品，還將威廉·歇洛克·福爾摩斯·斯科特作為大偵探的真名。但原著中根本找不到這種說法——阿瑟·柯南·道爾爵士始終把他的主人公稱作歇洛克·福爾摩斯。

（譯者單位：復旦大學奇境譯坊）