文/亞歷克斯·韋斯特索普 譯/鄧新荷 徐弘程

十 大 扮 演 者

文/亞歷克斯·韋斯特索普 譯/鄧新荷 徐弘程

I t was 130 years ago that a young Scottish physician called Arthur Conan Doyle wrote some stories about a master detective, mainly to amuse himself between appointments at his surgery.

[2] His creation, Sherlock Holmes, loosely based on his mentor, forensic1forensic鑒證的，法醫(yī)的。surgeon Joseph Bell, first appeared in the 1887Beeton’s Christmas Annual, in a story calledA Study In Scarlet. The maverick2maverick特立獨行的。detective has since appeared numerous times in films and on television, portrayed by a cornucopia3cornucopia 大量。of eccentric actors from around the world, though chie fl y from Britain and America.

130年前，年輕的蘇格蘭醫(yī)生阿瑟·柯南·道爾寫了幾則神探破案的故事，主要是為給應診之余的自己找點樂子。

[2]他筆下的角色歇洛克·福爾摩斯大致以他的導師——法醫(yī)約瑟夫·貝爾為原型。福爾摩斯在1887年的《比頓圣誕年刊》中首次亮相，出現(xiàn)在一篇名為《暗紅習作》的故事中。自那以后，這位特立獨行的偵探便在影視劇中頻頻露面。世界各地形形色色、個性迥異的演員都曾出演這個角色，不過大部分來自英美。

[3]福爾摩斯的經(jīng)典形象是頭戴獵鹿帽、手握煙斗、身披方格呢風衣，這一形象為喜劇演員提供了很大的發(fā)揮空間，因此，巴斯特·基頓、彼得·庫克和約翰·克里斯等眾多扮演者紛紛大顯身手，呈現(xiàn)了不同版本的福爾摩斯。

[3] The iconic image of deerstalker4deerstalker獵鹿帽。, pipe and tweed5tweed 粗花呢。overcoat was a gift to comedians, and consequently, Holmes has been embodied by (amongst many others), Buster Keaton, Peter Cook andJohn Cleese.

10. Eille Norwood

Norwood played Holmes in 47 silent fi lms, modelling himself on the classic illustration of the detective by Sidney Paget. A true method actor, Norwood studied the role with enormous diligence and brought a wonderful intensity to his portrayal both in fi lm and on the stage. Although not especially well-known today, Norwood should be remembered as one of the first to establish and embody Sherlock Holmes beyond the pages of The Strand Magazine.

10. 埃利·諾伍德

諾伍德曾在47部默片中飾演福爾摩斯，其形象仿效了西德尼·佩吉特為福爾摩斯所作的經(jīng)典插畫。作為一名忠實的方法派演員，諾伍德下了大功夫來鉆研角色。他在銀幕和舞臺上的表演爐火純青。盡管諾伍德如今算不上家喻戶曉，但作為《斯特蘭雜志》之外最早塑造、詮釋歇洛克·福爾摩斯的演員之一，他應當被人們銘記。

9. Nicholas Rowe

Nicholas Rowe was the star of the 1985 Steven Spielberg movie Young Sherlock Holmes. The film followed Sherlock’s early life and his fi rst meeting with John Watson as the two were caught up in the fi rst of many exciting mysteries. Rowe was engaging enough and the fi lm has much to recommend it.

9. 尼古拉斯·羅爾

尼古拉斯·羅爾在史蒂文·斯皮爾伯格1985年推出的電影《少年福爾摩斯》中擔任主演。該片追溯了福爾摩斯的早年生活，講述了他如何在第一樁奇案中與約翰·華生相遇，后來兩人聯(lián)手破獲多起疑案。羅爾的表演奪人眼球，這部影片也確實值得一看。

8. Tom Baker

A year after leaving Doctor Who, Baker was invited to play Holmes by his former producer Barry Letts. The 1982 BBC television production of The Hound Of The Baskervilles, shown in the Sunday afternoon classic serial slot, was well received.

Later though, Baker admitted he felt

8. 湯姆·貝克

離開《神秘博士》劇組一年后，貝克應前制片人巴瑞·萊茨之邀，扮演了福爾摩斯。1982年版BBC電視劇《巴斯克維爾的獵犬》每周日下午在經(jīng)典連續(xù)劇欄目播出，好評如潮。he had “failed” in the role. While not a role he’s immediately associated with, Tom Baker was a memorable Holmes, and the part was a gift for his natural eccentricity and boundless charisma6charisma 個人魅力。.

不過，貝克后來坦承，他感覺自己把這個角色“演砸了”。雖然沒能迅速進入角色，但湯姆·貝克仍然演出了一個值得紀念的福爾摩斯。他天生離經(jīng)叛道，魅力無窮，這個角色很好展現(xiàn)了他的天賦。

7. Arthur Wontner

Arthur Wontner won the role of Holmes having played Sexton Blake7教堂司事布萊克，一位出現(xiàn)在英國20世紀連環(huán)漫畫和小說中的虛構(gòu)偵探，被譽為“窮人的福爾摩斯”。, a character seen as a flattering imitation of the Baker Street detective. Wontner earned appreciation from staunch Holmes experts, including Conan Doyle’s wife, for his approach to the role in the fi lm The Sleeping Cardinal.

He appeared in five films in total between 1931 and 1937. All Wontner’s pictures had alternative titles to the original Conan Doyle. Silver Blaze, for instance, was later retitled Murder At The Baskervilles in an attempt to draw attention away from the successful Basil Rathbone movies.

7. 阿瑟·文特納

阿瑟·文特納因為飾演過教堂司事布萊克而獲得了出演福爾摩斯的機會。布萊克這個角色被視為對那位貝克街偵探的討好模仿。忠實的福爾摩斯專家們，包括柯南·道爾的妻子，都對文特納在影片《沉睡的紅衣主教》中的表演贊譽有加。

1931年到1937年間，他一共出演了五部電影。文特納所有作品的標題都和柯南·道爾的原著不同。比如，《白額閃電》被改名為《巴斯克維爾謀殺案》，以此將人們的注意力從巴茲爾·雷斯伯恩成功出演的系列影片上引開。

6. 道格拉斯·威爾莫

在1964年版BBC深夜檔選集劇《偵探》中，道格拉斯·威爾莫出演了“斑點帶子”一集，成為第一位電視劇版福爾摩斯。接著，他又在1965年出演了另外12集福爾摩斯故事。威爾莫很大程度上借鑒了巴茲爾·雷斯伯恩的表演，將福爾摩斯嚴密的鑒證分析和冷漠的鎮(zhèn)靜姿態(tài)詮釋得恰到好處。

6. Douglas Wilmer

Douglas Wilmer became the firsttelevision Sherlock Holmes when the BBC produced “The Speckled Band” in 1964 for anthology series8anthology series 深夜檔選集。, Detective. He made a further twelve Conan Doyle stories in 1965. Basing his portrayal very much on Basil Rathbone, he played the role with just the right measure of forensic analysis and detached9detached 冷漠的。composure10composure 鎮(zhèn)靜。.

5. Robert Downey Jr

Over the course of two Guy Ritchie films, Sherlock Holmes (2009) and Sherlock Holmes: A Game Of Shadows (2011), the magnetic personality of Robert Downey Jr has allowed his rather crass, cynical, yet likeable portrayal of the master detective to be enjoyed by cinema-goers across the world.

Supported by Jude Law as a rather digni fi ed Watson, Downey Jr has made the part his own and delights a new generation of fans with his unkempt11unkempt凌亂不整的。eccentricity and Tigger-like enthusiasm.

5. 小羅伯特·唐尼

在蓋·里奇導演的兩部作品《大偵探福爾摩斯》（2009）和《大偵探福爾摩斯2：詭影游戲》（2011）中，小羅伯特·唐尼憑借個人魅力，使他塑造的粗魯無禮、憤世嫉俗但依然惹人喜愛的大偵探形象受到全世界影迷的認可。

在裘德·洛塑造的高冷華生的協(xié)助下，小唐尼將自己融入了角色，他不修邊幅的乖僻性格和跳跳虎一般的熱情令新一代粉絲歡欣鼓舞。

4. 彼得·庫欣

彼得·庫欣在1959年哈默版《巴斯克維爾的獵犬》中就首次扮演了福爾摩斯，但他更廣為流傳的作品似乎還是BBC于1968年推出的16集電視劇《福爾摩斯探案集》，他取代道格拉斯·威爾莫出演這位貝克街大偵探。直到1984年，庫欣還在電視電影《死亡面具》中扮演了福爾摩斯。

4. Peter Cushing

Although Peter Cushing first portrayed Holmes in the 1959 Hammer version of The Hound Of The Baskervilles, he is perhaps better remembered for the 16-episode, 1968BBC series, Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes, when he replaced Douglas Wilmer as the Baker Street sleuth. Even as late as 1984, Cushing appeared as Holmes in the TV movie The Masks Of Death.

With his distinctive, rather bony features, Cushing certainly looked the part, and never gave anything less than a watchable and engrossing12engrossing 引人入勝的。performance. Cushing played many iconic characters in his long career, but his take on the great detective is one of his best.

憑借極具辨識度的瘦削身形，庫欣看上去就很適合這個角色，而他也總是毫無保留地獻上引人入勝的絕妙演出。在漫長的演藝生涯中，庫欣創(chuàng)造了許多經(jīng)典角色，而大偵探是其塑造最成功的角色之一。

3. Basil Rathbone

Arguably the actor most commonly identified with Sherlock Holmes on film, Sir Basil Rathbone made 14 Sherlock Holmes movies between 1939 and 1946, creating the deerstalker and cape look in the process. Rathbone’s performance in the 1939 version of The Hound Of The Baskervilles was a cinematic benchmark for all the actors who followed.

Rathbone played Sherlock over 200 times on radio, and he was the distinctive Holmes during the Second World War, a time when cinema truly was king. Rathbone’s silhouette is iconic, and he is often spoken of as “the doyen13doyen 元老。of the detective melodrama14melodrama 情節(jié)劇?！?

3. 巴茲爾·雷斯伯恩

從1939年到1946年，巴茲爾·雷斯伯恩爵士出演了14部講述歇洛克·福爾摩斯的影片，在其中塑造了大偵探頭戴獵鹿帽、身披風衣的形象?？梢哉f，他是電影版福爾摩斯中最受認可的一位。雷斯伯恩在1939年版《巴斯克維爾的獵犬》中的表演被譽為電影史上的典范，后來的福爾摩斯扮演者皆引為榜樣。

雷斯伯恩曾在廣播節(jié)目中扮演歇洛克兩百多次，在大銀幕稱王稱霸的二戰(zhàn)時期，他更是成為福爾摩斯的化身?？傊?，雷斯伯恩的形象已經(jīng)成了一個標志，他常被人們稱作“偵探劇元老”。

2. Benedict Cumberbatch

Star of the current BBC series Sherlock, Benedict Cumberbatch is Holmes for the 21st century. Doctor Who supremo15supremo 管理者。Steven Moffat and writer and actor Mark Gatiss created a series of stories loosely based on Conan Doyle’s work, but with a distinct modern day slant16slant 態(tài)度，看法。.

Benedict Cumberbatch is a fasttalking, perceptive, high cheek-boned Holmes, aloof yet prone to incredible social faux pas17faux pas 失態(tài)，失禮。. Cumberbatch eschews the deerstalker image for a long coat and scarf, and nicotine patches replace the pipe.

The BBC has a major hit with this superb and (at times) controversial 21st century retelling of the adventures of the world’s most famous consulting detective. Even purists are reconsidering things after this series, awash with GPS, texting and on-screen graphics as an integral part of the storytelling. It proves that Conan Doyle can be as relevant in 2017 as he was in the 1890s.

2. 本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇

BBC熱播連續(xù)劇《神探夏洛克》的主演本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇塑造了21世紀的福爾摩斯。《神秘博士》的制片人史蒂芬·莫法特和編劇兼演員馬克·加蒂斯攜手，創(chuàng)造了一系列大致基于柯南·道爾原著卻明顯帶有當代色彩的故事。

本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇飾演了一個語速飛快、洞察力強、顴骨高隆的福爾摩斯，超然冷漠，又容易陷入不可思議的社交尷尬?？挡推婊乇芰碎L大衣、圍巾加獵鹿帽的造型，并用尼古丁片代替了大煙斗。

福爾摩斯是世界上最著名的顧問偵探，BBC將其冒險故事放在21世紀的背景下重述，風靡一時。這一版本制作精良，但也時有爭議。即便最純粹的原著讀者，看過這套將GPS、短信和屏幕圖像作為必要敘事成分堆砌其間的連續(xù)劇后，也會重新陷入思考。這也證明，柯南·道爾在2017年可以像在19世紀90年代一樣流行。

1. 杰里米·布雷特

人們深深懷念的杰里米·布雷特是一個絕無僅有的天才——演技精湛，個性突出。

1. Jeremy Brett

The sorely-missed Jeremy Brett was a genuine one-off—an actor of immense skill and intense personality. In 1984 Granada television, fresh from the success of The Jewel In The Crown, produced an equally superb television adaptation of Sherlock 1984年，剛剛憑借《皇冠上的寶石》一劇大紅大紫的格拉納達電視臺推出了同樣高水準的歇洛克·福爾摩斯改編劇。杰里米·布雷特演繹歇洛克·福爾摩斯時，將自身對角色的解讀充分融入其中，以至于后人將柯南·道爾的作品再做電視改編時，只得從完全不同的角度切入。Holmes. Jeremy Brett made Sherlock Holmes so much his own that any fresh television adaptation would have to approach Conan Doyle’s work from a very different direction.

Brett was bipolar18bipolar 躁郁的。, which heightened his mannered performance as Holmes, making his sudden flashes of manic thought, wit and melancholic19melancholic 憂郁的。malaise20malaise 莫名的不安。truly convincing. Brett fi lmed 41 of the Conan Doyle stories over a period of ten years. Like Ellie Norwood, Brett became obsessed with character, often taking method acting to the extreme to fully embody the spirit of Holmes.

Nearly 35 years since he fi rst portrayed the master detective from Baker Street, Jeremy Brett is seen by many as the de fi nitive Sherlock Holmes.

布雷特患有躁狂抑郁癥，突顯了他演繹的福爾摩斯特有的作派，使得福爾摩斯那些靈光突現(xiàn)的瘋狂想法、錦囊妙計以及莫名的情緒低落著實令人信服。布雷特在10年間出演了41部柯南·道爾作品。他同埃利·諾伍德一樣深陷在角色之中，常常將方法派表演運用到極致，只為充分展現(xiàn)福爾摩斯的精神。

從杰里米·布雷特初次扮演貝克街大偵探算起已近35年，很多人至今將其視為最權(quán)威的歇洛克·福爾摩斯扮演者。

（譯者單位：復旦大學奇境譯坊）

The Top 10 Portrayals of Sherlock Holmes

ByAlex Westthorp